2014 PORSCHE 911 ESP

3637
T
emperament
| Engine
To give more and take less.
That’s Porsche engineering.

Engines.
You could ask whether the sports car is
still relevant. It would be a good question,
but you might as well ask the same of
dreams.
The answer to both questions lies in the
future or, to be more precise, in the
future of the sports car. In the 911,

the future is already here. The highly
efficient, state-of-the-art engines make

a considerable contribution to the
comparatively low fuel consumption,

but their sound is still unmistakably
Porsche.
The 911 engines are also unmistakably
sport y thanks to the SPORT but ton fit ted
as standard. At a single push, the engine
becomes tuned for a sharper response
and engine dynamics that are even more
direct.
The 3.4-litre engine of the 911 Carrera
models demonstrates, therefore,
that performance and efficiency need
not be mutually exclusive. Rather, the
comparatively low engine capacity
combined with a high maximum torque
are the intelligent basis by which high
power output can be achieved in
an environmentally acceptable and
sustainable way.
In their search for improved efficiency,
our engineers analysed an extensive series
of engine components. Answers were
found, including rapid heating of the
engine and gearbox to normal operating
temperature after an engine start by the
thermal management system, improved
air induction and extremely effective
direct fuel injection (DFI).
Weight is critical to efficiency. This is
why the engines have a light-alloy
construction, making them lightweight
and yet structurally rigid. The result is
comparatively low fuel consumption and
a long service life. The engine is the intelligent core of our
identit y. What else could the ‘Dr. Ing.’ in
our company name possibly stand for?
For fuel consumption, CO
2 emissions and efficiency class, please refer to pages 141/143.

462135
7R
4849
Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK).
Available as an option for all
911
Carrera models is 7-speed PDK,
featuring manual and automatic modes.
It facilitates extremely fast gear changes
with no interruption in the flow of power,
whilst at the same time improving
acceleration and fuel efficiency. The first six gears are particularly
sport y, with top speed being reached

in 6th gear. 7th gear has a long
ratio and reduces the revs – for lower
consumption.
PDK is essentially t wo gearboxes in one
and thus requires t wo clutches. This
double-clutch arrangement provides an
Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK)
alternating, non-positive connection
bet ween the t wo half gearboxes and the
engine by means of t wo separate input
shafts.
The flow of power from the engine is
transmit ted through one half gearbox and
one clutch at a time, while the next gear
is preselected in the second half gearbox. During a gear change, therefore, one
clutch simply opens and the other closes
at the same time, enabling gear changes
to take place within milliseconds.
The effect is instant. Driving feels even
sportier and more dynamic, and agility

is increased. Depending on the gearshift
programme (SPORT button activated
T emperament | Transmission
or deactivated), the gear change is opti -
mised for comfort or for sport y driving.
With the optional Sport Chrono Package,
PDK is enhanced by the ‘Launch Control’
and ‘motorsport-derived gearshift
strategy’ functions (pages 65– 67).
Coasting.
The ‘coasting’ function available with
Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK) enables
you to save even more fuel where the
situation allows. The engine is decoupled
from the transmission to prevent
deceleration caused by engine braking.
In this way, optimum use is made of the
vehicle’s momentum, allowing it to coast
for longer distances.
For example, you may want to slow down
from 100 to 80 km/ h in anticipation
of the change of speed limit ahead. As
soon as you release the accelerator
pedal, PDK deselects the current gear automatically and you begin to coast
in neutral until you have reached your
desired speed. The moment you engage
the accelerator or brake pedal, PDK
selects the appropriate gear smoothly
and seamlessly within a fraction of a
second.
In short, driving in coasting mode makes
a real impact on fuel consumption without
any need for compromise on comfort or
sporty performance.
Another way to reduce fuel consumption is
to utilise the coasting function on downhill
gradients that are gentle enough for you
to maintain a constant speed. Efficient on
long journeys, such as on the motorway,
PDK remains ready to respond as swiftly
and precisely as you would expect.
For fuel consumption, CO
2 emissions and efficiency class, please refer to pages 141/143.

5051
It is possible to have a lot of power yet not
be able to use it. Only by using your power
intelligently will you truly progress – and
with consummate ease.
Porsche Traction
Management (PTM) is
standard on all 911 Carrera all-wheel-drive
models. It is an active all-wheel- drive
system with an electronically variable
map-controlled multi-plate clutch,
automatic brake differential (ABD) and
anti-slip regulation (ASR). Drive power is distributed bet ween the
permanently driven rear axle and the
front axle by means of the electronically
variable multi
-plate clutch.
The status of the vehicle is continuously
monitored so that it is possible to respond
to different driving situations. Sensors
are used to collect a range of data, includ -
ing the rotational speed of all four wheels,
the lateral and longitudinal acceleration
of the car and the current steering angle. If, for example, the rear wheels begin
to lose traction under acceleration, a
greater proportion of the drive power
is automatically transmit ted to the front
axle by a more positive engagement of
the multi-
plate clutch. In addition, ASR
prevents wheel spin by adapting the
engine’s power output. During cornering,
the optimal level of drive power is
dis
tributed to the front wheels to ensure
excellent lateral stability. In conjunction with Porsche Stability
Management (PSM), PTM helps to ensure
the perfect distribution of drive power for
optimum traction in most road scenarios,
whether on long straights, through tight
corners, or on surfaces with different
friction coefficients.
Far better than a power struggle
is power interplay.

Porsche Traction Management (PTM).
T
emperament | Transmission

5455
T
emperament
| Chassis and body
Aluminium
Deep -drawn steels
Multiphase steels
Super- high -strength micro -alloyed steels
Boron- alloyed steels
Front and rear axles.
The independent suspension at the front
features a light weight spring-strut axle
with longitudinal and transverse links and
cross members that have been refined
for stiffness. Each front wheel is precisely
located, ensuring excellent directional stability, superior handling and reduced
pitching under braking, and the wide
track optimises turn-
in.
The rear axle is equipped with a
motorsport- derived multi -link suspension
and chassis subframe. Refined axle
kinematics for improved longitudinal
damping reduce acceleration squat and increase comfort. Light weight spring
struts further enhance agilit y.
The high proportion of aluminium used in
the construction of the axles reduces the
weight of the vehicle and of the unsprung masses, helping to improve fuel economy,
comfort and agility.
Rear axle of the 911 Carrera S
Front axle of the 911 Carrera S
Engineered design.
The innovative bodyshell of the 911 fulfils
t wo structural design requirements: first,
excellent driving dynamics due to the
body’s extremely high rigidit y; second, a
low vehicle weight primarily as a result of
the intelligent lightweight construction.
To meet the second requirement, we
employed state -of -the- art techniques for
combining various materials in order
to utilise specific material properties
exactly where they are needed.

For the bodyshell, therefore, we used
very thin, but nevertheless extremely
rigid, sheets of steel. Aluminium and magnesium were used extensively in
areas such as the roof, underbody, front
end, doors, rear wings and engine com
-
partment and luggage compartment lids.
Magnesium, which is a particularly light -
weight material, was also selected for
the cockpit and centre console support
beam and, in the Cabriolet models,
the hood shell elements. Such material efficiency is key to
reducing the overall weight and, as a
result, fuel consumption of the vehicle.
For the driver, this intelligent blend of
materials reduces the weight of the
vehicle and offers a high level of comfort
thanks to excellent vibration-damping
characteristics and particularly high
composite rigidit y, a high degree of
dynamic torsional stiffness, and
especially sporty handling.
The long wheelbase improves comfort as
well as straight-line accuracy and driving
stabilit y at high speeds and in fast
corners.

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T
emperament
| Chassis and body
SPORT button.
Fit ted as standard, the SPORT but ton
enables you to select a suspension setup
where the emphasis is on either comfort
or sport y performance. At the push of a
button, the electronic engine management
system switches the engine mapping to
offer an even sharper response and
engine dynamics that are more direct.
In vehicles with Porsche Doppelkupplung
(PDK), upshifts take place at higher
engine speeds and downshifts happen
sooner. In addition, coasting mode

and the auto start/stop function are
automatically deactivated. If fitted, the
optional sports exhaust system is also
activated automatically.
Sport Chrono Package.
The Sport Chrono Package including
dynamic engine mounts is available
as an option. This integrated system
provides simultaneous enhancement for
the chassis, engine and transmission.
Included in the package are a performance
display, a digital and an analogue stop -
watch and the SPORT PLUS but ton. An
additional display in the steering wheel
and instrument cluster indicates whether
the SPORT but tons and Launch Control
have been activated.
Every day can be sports day.

Additional performance enhancement systems.Electromechanical power steering.
Another possible definition of efficiency
is a system that works only when it is
needed, and then does so in a particularly
effective way.
This was the guiding principle for our
engineers in the development of the electromechanical power steering. Statis-

tics show that a car drives in a straight
line 90 % of the time. Unlike conventional
hydraulic pumps, the electric motor uses
energy only when the steering wheel is
actually turned. The absence of hydraulic
fluid also makes the system more
bene ficial to the environment.
As far as the other 10 % is concerned, we’re
optimally prepared as the steering system
is t ypically Porsche. It features a variable
steering ratio and responds sensitively
and directly at the same time as providing
customary agilit y, a high level of comfort
and precisely selected feedback from the
road. Our definition of efficient.
Power steering Plus.
Power steering Plus, the comfort-enhancing
power steering system, is available as an
option for the 911 Carrera models. At high
speeds, the steering is as firm as possible,
ensuring maximum precision whilst steer-
ing comfort remains as high. At low speeds,
the steering ratio of Power steering Plus
adjusts for much easier manoeuvring and
parking.

6667
T
emperament
| Chassis and body
On activation of SPORT PLUS mode,
Porsche Active Suspension Management
(PASM) and, in the 911 Carrera S models,
optional Porsche Dynamic Chassis
Control (PDCC) switch to a harder
damping set ting and offer more direct
steering and, therefore, better
roadholding. In SPORT PLUS mode, the trigger
threshold for PSM is raised. Agilit y is
perceptibly enhanced when braking for
corners with PSM, allowing sportier
braking and exit acceleration. For even
greater dexterit y, PSM can be set to
standby while the car is still in
SPORT PLUS mode. For safet y, it is
set to intervene automatically only

when ABS assistance is required on both
the front wheels.
In combination with PDK, the Sport
Chrono Package has t wo additional
functions for a sport y drive that borders
on a motorsport experience. The first is ‘Launch Control’, which can be used

on the track to achieve the best
possible standing start – a racing start.
The second function is the ‘motorsport-
derived gearshift strategy’. Using this,
Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK) is geared
up for extremely short shift times and optimum shift points for the maximum
acceleration available. This combination
of uncompromising and involving perfor-

mance is ideal for the racetrack.
A key component of the Sport Chrono
Package is the stopwatch mounted on
the dashboard. In conjunction with
optional PCM, a special performance
display enables you to view, store and
evaluate lap times or other driving times.
It shows the total driving time, lap
distance, lap number and lap times
recorded so far.
A feature of the Sport Chrono Package
borrowed from motorsport is the dynamic
engine mounts. These exploit the laws
of physics for your own driving pleasure.
Dynamic engine mounts.
You don’t have to take the 911 onto the
racetrack. But you can, more so than
ever, because dynamic engine mounts
are now included as part of the Sport
Chrono Package.
The electronically controlled system
minimises the oscillations and vibrations
of the entire drivetrain, especially
the engine, and combines the benefits
of a hard or soft engine mounting
arrangement.
A hard engine mounting delivers optimum
dynamic performance because it offers
the highest degree of handling precision
possible. Soft engine mounts, on the
other hand, minimise oscillations and
vibrations. While comfort is improved on
uneven road surfaces, this comes at
the expense of dynamic performance. Our engineers have solved this problem
by enabling the engine mounts to adapt
their stiffness and damping properties to
changes in driving st yle and road surface
conditions. This has been achieved by
use of a fluid with magnetic properties in
interaction with an electrically generated
field. For the driver, the results are tangi-

ble. Handling is perceptibly more stable
under load change conditions and in
fast corners. Whenever a less assertive
driving st yle is adopted, the dynamic
engine mounts provide a higher level of
comfor t.

6869
Wheels.
The 911 Carrera models are equipped
with 19-inch Carrera wheels as standard.
These are light weight alloys featuring a
classic sport y design. Tyre sizes are
235/40 ZR 19 and 285/35 ZR 19 at the
front and rear, respectively. All-wheel-
drive models are fit ted with even wider
295/35 ZR 19 t yres at the rear.The S models are equipped with light-
alloy 20 -inch Carrera
S wheels as
standard. The visual effect is sport y and
dynamic. The t yres are slightly wider to
cope with the increased power output of
these models: 245/35 ZR 20 at the
front, 295/30 ZR 20 at the rear. All-
wheel-drive models have 305/30 ZR 20
t yres at the rear.
The large t yre size improves both ride
comfort and track performance. Rolling
resistance, dry braking distances and t yre
weight are all comparatively low, thereby
helping to reduce fuel consumption.
A selection of 20 -inch wheels is available
in our range of options.
Tyre Pressure Monitoring (TPM).
Integrated as standard, Tyre Pressure
Monitoring (TPM) sends warnings to the
on-board computer’s display screen in
the event of low t yre pressure or a
gradual or sudden loss of pressure. The
individual pressures in all four t yres can
be displayed in the instrument cluster.
Porsche Stability Management (PSM).
As standard, the 911 Carrera models are
equipped with enhanced Porsche Stability
Management (PSM), which maintains sta -
bilit y even at the limits of dynamic driving
performance. Sensors continuously moni -
tor the direction, speed, yaw velocit y and
lateral acceleration of the car. Using this
information, PSM is able to calculate the actual direction of travel at any given
moment. If the car begins to oversteer or
understeer, PSM applies selective braking
on individual wheels to restore stabilit y.
Under acceleration on wet or low-grip
road surfaces, PSM improves traction
using the automatic brake diffe
rential
(ABD) and anti -slip regulation (ASR).
When the SPORT PLUS mode of the
optional Sport Chrono Package is selected,
the PSM threshold is raised to allow a
sportier driving style.
For an even more dynamic experience,
you always have the option to deactivate
PSM. It is automatically reactivated,
for your safet y, only if you brake harder
and either of the front wheels (in SPORT
PLUS mode, both of the front wheels) requires ABS assistance. ABS and ABD,
however, remain active at all times.
PSM therefore offers a high level of

driving stability and safety combined
with extraordinary agilit y. It ’s an
apparent contradiction in terms, but an
intrinsic part of the Porsche identit y.
19 -inch Carrera wheel (standard on
the 911 Carrera models)
20-
inch Carrera S wheel (standard on
the 911 Carrera S models) 911 Carrera 4 Cabriolet with 20-inch Carrera Classic wheels
T
emperament | Chassis and body
For fuel consumption, CO2 emissions and efficiency class, please refer to pages 141/143.

7071
T
emperament
| Chassis and body
PTV in conjunction with the manual
gearbox, or PT V Plus with Porsche
Doppelkupplung (PDK), are available as
options for the 911 Carrera models and
standard in the S models. Both systems
actively enhance vehicle dynamics and
stability. Operating in conjunction with a
mechanical (PT V) or electronic (PT V Plus)
rear differential lock, they work by
intelligently braking the rear wheels as
the situation demands.
As a function of steering angle and steering
speed, accelerator pedal position, yaw

rate and vehicle speed, PT V and PT V Plus

are able to improve steering response
and steering precision by specific braking
of the right or left rear wheel.
To be more precise, this means that when
the car is driven assertively into a corner,
moderate brake pressure is applied to the
inside rear wheel. Consequently, a greater
amount of drive force is distributed to the
outside rear wheel, inducing an additional
rotational pulse (yaw movement) around
the vehicle’s vertical axis. This results in
a direct and sport y steering action as the
car enters the corner.
At low and medium vehicle speeds, PT V
and PT V Plus significantly increase agilit y
and steering precision. At high speeds
and when accelerating out of corners,
the rear differential lock ensures greater
driving stabilit y. With PT V, the differential
lock is regulated mechanically; with
Attack the corners.
Maintain good posture.

Porsche Torque Vectoring (PTV) and
Porsche Torque Vectoring Plus (PTV Plus).

PT V Plus, it is regulated electronically and
the torque distribution is infinitely varia ble.
Whichever system is fit ted, it interacts

with Porsche Stabilit y Management (PSM)
to improve driving stabilit y on a range
of surface conditions, including the wet
and snow.
For the driver, this means remarkable
stability, easier handling and outstanding
traction as well as greater agilit y at every
speed with precise steering and stable
load transfer characteristics. What else?
Unrivalled driving pleasure at every t wist
and turn.