-If the position or the installation angle
of a camera was changed, after a colli
sion for example, do not continue to use
the system for safety reasons . Have it
checked by your authorized Audi dealer
ship .
- Use the
Rear mode and the Corner view
(rear)
mode only when the rear lid is
completely closed, otherwise the image
in the display will be inaccurate.
- Objects and obstacles
above the camera
are not displayed.
- Camera lenses enlarge and distort the
field of vision. The objects appear both altered and inaccurate on the screen.
(0 Note
- Always read and follow the applicable
warnings ¢0
in General information on
page 143 .
-The MMI display shows the direction in
which the rear of the vehicle is traveling
based on the steering wheel angle. The
vehicle front swings out more than the
vehicle rear. Maintain plenty of distance
so that your outside mirror or a corner of
your vehicle does not collide with any ob
stacles .
@ Tips
If the rear lid is open, the image in the
rearview camera is displayed without ori
entation lines and without blue surfac es.
Switching on or off
Applies to vehicles: with Audi parking system plus w ith
front- and rearview camera
Fig. 174 Center console : P,•A button
Parking systems 149
Fig. 175 MMI display: Select mode
Switching on
.,. Switch the MMI on.
.,. Shift into reverse, or
.,. Press the
IP.1! button in the center console
¢
fig. 174. A short confirmation tone
sounds and the LED in the button lights up.
Selecting the mode
.,. Turn the control knob to the symbol for the
desired mode @through @¢fig.175.
Switching off
.,. Drive faster than 6 mph (10 km/h) , or
.,. Press the
l""'I button, or
.,. Switch off the ignition .
You may select from the following modes:
@ Topview ¢page150
@ Corner view (front) ¢ page 150
© Front¢ page 150
@ Rear o page 150
® Corner view (rear)¢ page 150
(D Tips
The visual display in the left part of the
display should help you detect the critical
vehicle areas.
240 Trailer towing
Trailer towing
Driving with a trailer
General information
Your Audi was designed primarily for passen
ger transportation .
If you plan to tow a trailer, p lease remember
that the additional load will affect durability,
economy and performance .
Trailer towing not on ly places more stress on
the vehicle, it also calls for more concentra
tion from the driver.
For this reason, always fo llow the operating
and driving instructions provided and use
common sense.
@ Note
If you are going to tow a trai ler, you must
activate the trailer operation mode
c:::> page 159, Towing a trailer.
Technical requirements
Trailer hitch
Use a weight-carrying hitch conforming to the
gross trailer weight. The hitch must be suita ble for your vehicle and trailer and must be
mounted securely on the veh icle's chassis at a
technically sound location . Use only a trailer
hitch with a removable ball mount. Always
check with the trailer hitch manufacturer to
make sure that you are using the cor rect
hitch.
Do not use a bumper hitch.
The hitch must be installed in such a way that
it does not interfere with the impact-absorb
ing bumper system. No modifications should
be made to the vehicle exhaust and brake sys
tems. From time to time, check that all hitch
mounting bolts remain securely fastened.
When you are not towing a trailer, remove the
trai ler hitch ball mount. This prevents the
hitch from causing damage should your vehi
cle be struck from behind
c:::> A.
Trailer brakes
If your trailer is equipped with a brakin g sys
tem, check to be sure that it conforms to all
regulations.
T he trailer hydraulic brake system must not be
directly connected to the vehicle's hydraulic
brake system
c:::> A .
Safety chains
Always use safety chains between your veh icle
and the tra iler.
Trailer lights
Trailer lights must meet all regulations. Be
sure to check with your authorized Audi dealer
for correct wiring, sw itches, and relays.
Mirrors
If you are unable to see the traffic behind you
using the regular outside mirrors, then you
must install extended mirrors.
It is important
that you always have clear v is ion to the rear .
A WARNING ,-
- If a trailer has electrical brakes please
note that these brakes are not activated
by the factory-fitted control unit -risk of
accident!
- Afte r removing the trailer hitch, do not
store it in yo ur vehicle. In case of sudden
braking, the hitch could fly forward and
injure you or your passengers.
- Never install a "weight distributing" or
"load equalizing" trailer hitch on your ve
hicle. The vehicle was not designed for
these kinds of trailer hitches. The hitch
attachment can fail, causing the trailer
to tear loose from the vehicle.
- The Gross Vehicle Weight Rating for your
veh icle, found on the safety compliance
label on the driver's side B-pillar, must
never be exceeded under any c ircumstan
ces. Exceeding the Gross Vehicle Weight
Rating of your vehicle is likely to damage
your vehicle, and such damage will not
be covered by your Limited New Vehicle
-
Warranty. Exceeding the Gross Vehicle ~
Vehicl e ca re a nd cl eanin g 245
A WARNING
-Only wash the vehicle when the ignition
is off and follow the instructions from
the car wash operator to reduce the risk of accidents .
- To reduce the r isk of cuts, protect your
self from sharp metal components when
wash ing the underbody or the inside of
t he wheel housings.
- After washing the vehicle, the braking ef
fec t may be delayed due to mo isture on
the brake rotors or ice in the winter. The
brakes must be dried first with a few
careful brake applications.
Q) Note
- If you wash t he vehicle in an automatic
car wash, yo u must fold the exterior m ir
rors in to reduce the r is k of damage to
the mirrors. Power folding exterior mir
rors* must only be folded in and out us
ing the power folding function.
- Compare the track of your vehicle with
the distance between the guide rails of
the facility -there is a risk of damage to
the wheels and tires .
- Compare the height and width of your
vehicle with the he ight and width of the
tunnel at the fac ility. -
To prevent paint damage, do not wash
the vehicle in direct sunlight.
- T o reduce the r isk o f damage to the sur
face, do not use insect removing spong
es, kitchen sponges or similar items.
- Matte finish painted vehicle compo nents:
- To reduce the risk of damage to the
surface, do not use polishing agents or
ha rd wax .
- Never use car wash cycles that apply protective wax.
It can destroy the
matte fin ish effect .
- Do not place any stickers or magnet ic
signs on vehicle parts painted w ith
matte fin ish paint. The paint cou ld be
damaged when the stickers o r magnets
a re removed.
@ For the sake of the environment
Only wash the ve hicl e in facilities spec ially
designed for that purpose . This will red uce
the r is k of dirty water contam inated with
oil from entering the sewer system.
Cleaning and care information
When clean ing and caring for individual vehi
cle components, refer to the follow ing tables.
The information contained there is s imply rec
ommendations . For quest ions or for compo- nents that are not listed, refer to an author
ized Audi dealer or a qualified workshop. Also
follow the information found in c> ,& .
Cle aning e xterio r
Component Situation Solution
Wip er blades
Dirty c> page 66, Cleaning windshield wiper blades
Headlights / Dirty Soft sponge with a mild soap so lution a>
t a il lights
S en sor s/
Dirty Sensors: soft cloth w ith a so lvent-free cleaning product
camera len ses Camera lenses: soft cloth with an alcohol-free cleaning
so lution
Snow/ice Hand brush/solvent-free de -icing spray
•
•
248 Vehicle care and cleaning
- Never use abrasive cleaning materials
or alcohol to clean the camera lens.
Th is could cause scratches and cracks.
-Windows
- Remove snow and ice on windows and
exterior mirrors with a plastic scraper.
To avoid scratches, move the scraper only in one direction and not back and
forth.
- Never remove snow or ice from win
dows and mirrors using warm or hot
water because this could cause cracks
to form.
- To avoid damage to the rear window
defogger, do not apply any stickers on
the heating wires on the inside of the
window.
- Decorative parts/trim
- Never use chrome care or cleaning
products.
- Paint
-To reduce the risk of scratches, the ve-
hicle must be free of dirt and dust be
fore polishing or waxing.
- To prevent paint damage, do not polish
or wax the vehicle in direct sunlight.
- To reduce the risk of paint damage, do
not polish away rust film .
-Displays
- To avoid scratches, do not use dry
cleaning methods on displays.
- Controls
- Make sure that no fluids enter the con-
trols, because this could cause dam
age.
-Safety belts
- Do not remove the safety belts to clean
them.
- Never clean safety belts or their com
ponents chemically or with corrosive
fluids or solvents and never allow sharp objects to come into contact
with the safety belts. This could cause damage to the belt webbing.
- If there is damage to the webbing, the connections, the retractors or the buck
les, have them replaced by an author- ized Audi dealer or a qualified work
shop.
- Textiles/Vinyl/Alcantara
- Never treat Vinyl/ Alcantara with leath-
er care products, solvents, floor polish,
shoe polish, stain remover or similar products.
- To avoid damage, have stubborn stains
removed by an authorized Audi dealer
or a qualified workshop.
- Never use steam cleaners, brushes, hard sponges, etc. when cleaning.
- Objects with sharp edges such as zip
pers, rivets on clothing or belts can
cause damage to the surface.
- Open hook and loop fasteners, for ex ample on clothing, can damage seat
covers. Make sure hook and loop fas
teners are closed.
- Natural leather
- Never treat leather with solvents, floor
polish, shoe polish, stain remover or
similar products.
- Objects with sharp edges such as zip pers, rivets on clothing or belts can
cause damage to the surface.
- Never use steam cleaners, brushes,
hard sponges, etc. when cleaning.
- To help prevent the leather from fad
ing, do not leave the vehicle in direct
sunlight for long periods of time. If leaving the vehicle parked for long pe
riods of time, you should cover the
leather to protect it from direct sun
light.
(D Tips
- Insects are easier to remove from paint
that has been freshly waxed.
- Regular waxing can prevent rust film
from forming.
314 Technical Dat a
designated seating position) and luggage
weight¢ .&,.
Gross Axle W eight Rating
The Gross Axle Weight Rating is the maximum
l oad that can be applied at each axle of the
vehicle ¢Lr!, .
Vehicle capacit y weight
The vehicle capac ity we ight (max. load) is list
ed on the driver's side B-p illar.
A WARNING
- T he Gross Vehicle Weight Rat ing for your
vehicle, fo und on the safety compliance
label on the driver's side B -pillar, must
never be exceeded under any circumstan
ces. Exceeding the Gross Vehicle We ight
Rating of your vehicle is likely to damage
your vehicle, and such damage will not
be covered by your Lim ited New Vehicle
Warranty. Exceeding the Gross Vehicle
We ight Rating will also change the per
formance and handling cha racte rist ics of
yo ur vehicle, which cou ld cause a crash
result ing in se rious in jury or death.
- T he Gross Veh icle Weight Rat ing fo r yo ur
vehicle would be exceeded if yo ur vehicle
is simultaneo us ly equipped with Panor
amic sliding sunroo f; th ird-row seating;
Dimensions
Length
Width
Width (across mirrors) Height (unloaded) al
Turning circle diamete rbl trailer towing
equipment (factory or
dea le r-installed), and running boards
(dealer-installed). UNDER NO CIRCUM
STANCES MAY ALL SUCH ITEMS BE IN
STA LLED ON THE SAME VE HICLE .
- The actual Gross Ax le Weig ht Rating at
the front and rear ax les should not ex
ceed the permissible weights, and the ir
comb inat io n must not exceed the Gross
Vehi cle Weight Rating.
- Exceeding permiss ible weight ratings can
result i n ve hicl e damage, a ccidents and
personal inj ury.
....--
CD Note
- The vehicle capacity weight figu res apply
when the load is d istr ibuted evenly in the
vehicle (passenge rs and luggage). When
t ransport ing a heavy load in the lugg age
compar tment, carry the load as near to
t he rear ax le as possible so that the vehi
cle's handling is not impaired.
- Do not exceed the maximum permissib le
ax le loads or the maximum gross vehicle
we ight . A lways remember that the vehi
cle's handling w ill be affected by the ex
tra load. Therefore, ad just your speed ac
cordingly.
- Always observe local regulat ions.
in (mm)
200 .3 (5089)
in (mm) 78.1 (1983)
in (mm) 85 .7 (2 177)
in (mm) 68.4 (1737)
ft (m) 39 .4 ( 12)
al The he ight of t he ve hicle depends on the tires and t he su spension.
b l The turning radius dep ends on th e tir es.
When driv ing up steep ramps, on rough roads,
over curbs, etc. it is important to remembe r
that some parts of your ve hicle, such as spoil- ers or exhaust
system components, may be
close to the ground . Be careful not to damage
them .
1
324 Index
Controls .... .. .. ..... ... .. .. .... .. 93
Defrosting/defogging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Descr ipt ion .. .. ... .... ... .. .. .... .. 92
Energy management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Fan . .. .. .... ........... ........ .. 95
Front seat ventilation ...... ... .. ... 101
H eated seats, front ....... .. .. .. .. . 10 1
Key coded sett ing .............. ..... 92
Recircu lation mode (automatic) ... ... 100
Recommended se ttings .............. 92
Residua l heat ... ...... ... .. .. .... .. 94
Setting the temperature ... .. .. .... . . 95
Supp lementary heater ... .. .. ... ... . 101
Synchron izat ion ............ .. .... . 100
Turn ing on and off ........ .. .. .... .. 94
Using climate control economically . . . . 98
C lock ... .... ... . ...... ... .. .. .... .. 11
C losing
P anoramic slid ing su nroof .. .. .. .. .. . . 55
Coat hooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Cold ti re inflat ion p ressure ... .. .. .... . 27 7
Compass m irror ..... ...... .. .. .. .. .. 70
Comp liance .. ............. .. .. .. ... 319
Consumer Info rmation . . . . . . . . . . 1 71, 3 16
Contact ing NHTSA ...... .... ... .... . 171
Controls Cleaning ... ... .. ..... ... .. .. .... . 246
Conve nience key ..................... 49
Dr iver messages ........ .. .. .. .. .. . 108
L ock ing vehicle ... ..... ... .. .. .... .. 50
START button .. .. ..... ... .. .. .... . 10 7
Starting engine ....... ... .. .. .... . 107
STOP button ...................... 108
Sw itching engine off ............... 108
Sw itching on ignition .. ..... ..... .. . 107
Unlock ing vehicle .......... ... .. .... 49
Convertible c hil d safety seats . ... .. .. . 211
Conve rtible locking retracto r
Activating ........................ 216
Deactivating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Using to secure a chi ld safety seat 21 4, 2 16
Coolant system ................. .... 264
Cooling box in g love compartment .. .... 89
Cooling System Expansion tank . .. ..... ... .. .. .... . 265
Corner ing light .. .... ...... .. .. .. .. .. 59 Cruise cont
ro l
Changing speed .. .. ... ..... ... .. .. 111
Presett ing your speed .. ..... ... .. .. 112
Switching off ..................... 112
Switching on ..... ............. .... 111
Warning/ind icator lights ........... .. 18
also refer to Adaptive cruise control ... 113
Cruising range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
(upholder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 , 86, 8 7
D
Damp ing
refer to Adapt ive A ir Suspension . 155, 15 7
Data recorder ... .. ............. .. .. 224
Date d is p lay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Daytime run ning l ights... ....... .. 57, 58
Declarat ion of compliance
Adaptive cruise control ............. 319
Audi side ass ist ................... 319
Cell phone package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Convenience key .. .. ... ....... ... .. 319
E lectronic i mmob i Lizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Homel in k universal remo te control ... 319
Remote contro l key ............ .... 319
Decorative parts/tr im
Cleaning ...... .................. . 246
def What does this mean when it appears in
the tr ip odometer display? ........... 12
De fective light bu lb warning . ... .. .. .. . 23
Defrost ing/defogg ing the w indows ... .. . 95
Defrost ing/defogging windows ......... 97
De term ining co rrect load limit ........ 282
Diesel fuel .. .. .. .. .. ... ....... ... .. 250
Diesel pa rticulate f ilter . . . . . . . . . . 36, 233
Digital cloc k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Digital compass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Digital speedometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Dime nsio ns .. ... ................... 314
Dimming the rearview mirror ... .. .. .. . 69
D ipst ick
Reading the d ipst ic k properly ........ 262
Displays Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Distance control system
refer to Adapt ive cruise control ..... .. 113
326 Index
Engine oil level .... ..... ... .. .. .... .. 36 Fan
Eng ine oil pressure
M alfunct io n ............. .... .... .. 33
Eng ine oil sensor defective .... .. .... .. 36
E ngine speed limitation ... .. .. ... ... .. 36
Entry assist Rear seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Environment Break- in period ........... .... .... . 232
Cata lytic converter ......... ... .. ... 233
D iesel part iculate filter .. .. .. .. .. .. . 233
Disposing of your vehicle batte ry ..... 272
Dr iving a t high speeds ... .. .. .. .. .. . 234
Dr iving to m inim ize pollution and no ise 234
Fu el ... .. .. .. . .. ..... ... .. .. .... . 252
Fu el economy .. .. ..... ... .. .. .... . 234
Leaks under your vehicle ... .. ... ... . 257
Lett ing the vehicle stand and warm up . 235
Proper disposal of drained brake fluid . 268
Proper disposal of drained engine coo l-
ant ..... .. ................ ... ... 266
P roper disposal of dra ined engine oil .. 263
Recycl ing used engine oil . ...... .. .. . 263
Unleaded fuel ............. ...... .. 249
What should I do with an old ba ttery? 27 2
EPC
refer to Electron ic power control .. .. . . 1 5
E SC
refer to Electronic Stab iliza tion Control
(ESC) .. .. ................. .. .... .. 16
E vent Data Reco rder ( EDR) ... .. ... ... . 224
Exhaust tail p ipes
C leaning ................ .. .. .... . 246
Expansion tank .............. .. .... . 265
E xplanation of some technical terms . .. 23 7
Exterio r lighting in the mirror housing 59
Exterior mirrors
Ad justing ............... .... .... .. 68
Dimming . .. ............. .. .. .. ... . 69
H eating .. .. ... .... ...... ... ... .. .. 68
Eyeg lasses compartment . ... .. .... .. . . 90
F
Fa ll li ne . .. ... ............ .... .. .. . 23 7 Fo
ur-zone automatic comfort air condi-
t ion ing ... .. .. .. ... .. ..... ... .. .. . 99
Radiator .. .... .. ............. .... 267
F astening
Booster seats .... .. ... ..... ... .. .. 212
Convertib le child safety seats . .... . .. 211
Infant seats ..... ... .. ..... ... .. .. 210
Flat tire
Changi ng ... .. . .. ............ .. .. 29 7
Floor mats ...... ................... 169
Fog lights . ..... .. .. ... ..... ... .. .. . 58
Fold ing chocks .. . .. ............ .. .. 294
Folding master key with remote control .. 38
F oot peda ls ..... .. .. ... ..... ... .. .. 169
For the sake of the environment Gasoli ne fumes and the env ironme nt .. 252
Letting your eng ine warm up ........ 106
Red ucing engine noise by early upshift-
ing .. ... .. .... .. .. ... .. ..... ... .. . 10
R ef ueling ..... .. ... .. ..... ... .. .. 252
Sav ing fu el by early upshifting ... .. .. . 10
Using the rear window defogger .. .... . 96
F o ur -z o ne autom atic com fort air condi-
tioning ... .. .... .. ... .. .. ..... ... .. . 98
Automatic mode in rear . ..... ... .. .. . 99
Heated rear seats ... ... ..... ... .. .. 102
Rear air distrib ution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Rear controls ...................... 98
Rea r fan .. .. ... . ... ... .... ... .. .. . 99
Rear operation . .. ................ . 101
Rea r temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Sy nchr onization ............... .... 101
T urning on/off . .. ............. .... . 99
Front a irbags
Description ...... ................ . 187
How they wor k ... .. ... ....... ... .. 192
Frontal coll is ions and the laws of phys ics 175
F ron t fog lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Front seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Adjusting ..... ............ ....... 166
Child rest raints in the front seat ...... 185
Fuel Additives .. .... .. ............. .... 249
B lended gasoline ... ... ....... ... .. 249
Cons umption .. .. ................ .. 24
Filler neck ..... .................. . 251
_______________________________ ___:I~n ~d ~e:.::x 327
Fuel gauge .... ... ...... ... .. .. .... 12
Gasoline ... ................ ... ... 249
Gasoline additives ....... .... ... .. . 250
Low fuel level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 35
Octane rating ............ .... .. ... 249
Recommendation .............. .... 249
Refuelling .. ... .. .. ...... .. .. .. .. . 252
Reserve .. ............ ...... .... ... 12
Tank capacity ............ .. .. .. .. . 315
Un loc kin g the fue l filler flap by hand . . 254
Fue l economy messages (efficiency pro-
gram) . .. .. .. .. ........ ... .. ... ... .. 27
Fuse arrangement ............ ... .. . 302
G
Garage door opener (Homelink) . ... .. . 16 1
Gas discharge lamps ........... .... .. 305
Gauges Engine coolant temperature .. .. .. .. .. 10
Fuel gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Speedometer . .............. ... ... . 12
Tachometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Trip odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
General illustration Instruments and controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
General rules and driving tips .... .. .. . 237
Before driving off road ........ ... .. . 23 7
Driving offroad ........... .. .. .. .. . 237
Glossary of t ire and loading te rmino logy 274
Glove compartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Cooling box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Va let key function ............... ... 41
Glove compartment - emergency unlock-
ing ... .. .. .. .. .. ........... .. .. .. .. 89
Glow plug system Indicator light .............. ... .. .. 15
Gradient angle ... ......... .... .. .. . 237
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) .. . 313
Ground clearance 237
H
Headlights .. .... ......... .... .. .. .. 57
Adapt ive light ............ .. .. .. .. .. 59
C leaning ... .. .............. ... ... 245
Defective .. .. .............. ... .... 23
Fr ont fog lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Headlight range control
............. 36
Switching off .. .. .. .............. .. 57
Switching on ... .. .. ................ 57
Washer system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Xenon headlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7
Headlight washer reservoir ......... .. 272
Head restraints .. ... ............... . 167
Adjust ing . .. .. .. ... .. .......... .. 16 7
Front seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Rear seats . .. .. .. .. . ... ........... . 78
Heated Exterior mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Front seats .. .. .. .. .. .... ....... .. 101
Rear seats . .. .. .. .. .. ........... .. 102
Rear seats (four-zone automat ic comfort
air conditioning) .. .. .............. . 102
Steering wheel ..... .............. . 102
Washer je ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Heating Climate controls .. .... ......... .. .. . 92
Heavy clothing and safety belts ........ 177
High beam... ..... .............. 57 , 60
Warning/ind icator lights . ....... .. .. . 18
High voltage warning label ....... .. .. 313
Hill descent control . . . . . . . . . . . . 140, 225
Hill ho ld
Starting on hills .... .............. . 110
Homelink (remote control)
Hood Opening 161
25 7
Release lever .. .. .. . .. ... ... ...... 257
Horn ........ .. .. .... ............. .. 8
How are child restraint system anchors re-
lated to child safety .... ...... ....... 217
How many a irbags does my vehicle have? 190
How often should I ch eck my tire pres-
sures? 280
How safety belt pretens ioners work .. .. 181
Hydroplaning ....... .......... ..... 284
I
Ignition key . .. .. .. ... ..... ....... .. 105
Ignition lock . ....... ............... 105
Malfunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 37
Ign it ion lock posit ions .......... .... . 105
Important things to do before driving .. 164
•
•