499
6-1. Specifications
6
Vehicle specifications
Tire ply composition and materials
Plies are layers of rubber-coated
parallel cords. Cords are the
strands which form the plies in a tire.
Radial tires or bias-ply tires
A radial tire has “RADIAL” on the sidewall. A tire not marked
“RADIAL” is a bias-ply tire.
TUBELESS or TUBE TYPE
A tubeless tire does not have a tube and air is directly put into the
tire. A tube type tire has a tube inside the tire and the tube main-
tains the air pressure.
Load limit at maximum cold tire inflation pressure ( P. 379)
Maximum cold tire in flation pressure ( P. 492)
This means the pressure to which a tire may be inflated.
Summer tires or all season tires ( P. 380)
An all season tire has “M+S” on the sidewall. A tire not marked
“M+S” is a summer tire.
“TEMPORARY USE ONLY” ( P. 459)
A compact spare tire is identified by the phrase “TEMPORARY USE
ONLY” molded on its sidewall. This tire is designed for temporary
emergency use only.
504 6-1. Specifications
Warning: The temperature grades of a tire assume that it is properly
inflated and not overloaded.
Excessive speed, underinflation, or excessive loading, either sepa-
rately or in combination, can cause heat buildup and possible tire fail-
ure.
Glossary of tire terminology
Tire related termMeaning
Cold tire inflation pres-
sure Tire pressure when the vehicle has been
parked for three hours or more, or has not
been driven more than 1 mile or 1.5 km under
that condition
Maximum inflation
pressure The maximum cold inflated
pressure to which a
tire may be inflated, s hown on the sidewall of
the tire
Recommended infla-
tion pressure Cold tire inflation pressure recommended by a
manufacturer
Accessory weight The combined weight (in excess of those stan-
dard items which may be replaced) of auto-
matic transmission, power steering, power
brakes, power windows, power seats, radio
and heater, to the extent that these items are
available as factory-installed equipment
(whether installed or not)
Curb weight The weight of a motor vehicle with standard
equipment, including the maximum capacity of
fuel, oil and coolant, and if so equipped, air
conditioning and additional weight optional
engine
Maximum loaded vehi-
cle weight The sum of:
(a) Curb weight
(b) Accessory weight
(c) Vehicle capacity weight
(d) Production options weight
506 6-1. Specifications
Tire related termMeaning
Weather side The surface area of the rim not covered by the
inflated tire
Bead The part of the tire that is made of steel wires,
wrapped or reinforced by ply cords and that is
shaped to fit the rim
Bead separation A breakdown of the bond between components
in the bead
Bias ply tire A pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that
extend to the beads are laid at alternate angles
substantially less than 90 degrees to the cen-
terline of the tread
Carcass The tire structure, except tread and sidewall
rubber which, when inflated, bears the load
Chunking The breaking away of pieces of the tread or
sidewall
Cord The strands forming the plies in the tire
Cord separation The parting of cords from adjacent rubber com-
pounds
Cracking Any parting within the tread, sidewall, or inner-
liner of the tire ext
ending to cord material
CT A pneumatic tire with an inverted flange tire
and rim system in which the rim is designed
with rim flanges pointed radially inward and the
tire is designed to fit on the underside of the
rim in a manner that encloses the rim flanges
inside the air cavity of the tire
Extra load tire A tire designed to operate at higher loads and
at higher inflation pressures than the corre-
sponding standard tire
Groove The space between two adjacent tread ribs
Innerliner The layer(s) forming the inside surface of a
tubeless tire that contains the inflating medium
within the tire
507
6-1. Specifications
6
Vehicle specifications
Tire related termMeaning
Innerliner separation The parting of the innerliner from cord material
in the carcass
Intended outboard
sidewall (a) The sidewall that contains a whitewall,
bears white lettering, or bears manufac-
turer, brand, and/or model name molding
that is higher or deeper than the same
molding on the other sidewall of the tire, or
(b) The outward facing sidewall of an asym- metrical tire that has a particular side that
must always face outward when mounted
on a vehicle
Light truck (LT) tire A tire designated by its manufacturer as prima-
rily intended for use on lightweight trucks or
multipurpose passenger vehicles
Load rating The maximum load that a tire is rated to carry
for a given inflation pressure
Maximum load rating The load rating for a tire at the maximum per-
missible inflation pressure for that tire
Maximum permissible
inflation pressure The maximum cold inflation pressure to which
a tire may be inflated
Measuring rim The rim on which a tire is fitted for physical
dimension requirements
Open splice Any parting at any junction of tread, sidewall, or
innerliner that extends to cord material
Outer diameter The overall diameter of an inflated new tire
Overall width The linear distance between the exteriors of
the sidewalls of an inflated tire, including eleva-
tions due to labeling, decorations, or protective
bands or ribs
Passenger car tire A tire intended for use on passenger cars, mul-
tipurpose passenger vehicles, and trucks, that
have a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of
10,000 lb. or less.
508 6-1. Specifications
Tire related termMeaning
Ply A layer of rubber-coated parallel cords
Ply separation A parting of rubber compound between adja-
cent plies
Pneumatic tire A mechanical device made of rubber, chemi-
cals, fabric and steel or
other materials, that,
when mounted on an automotive wheel, pro-
vides the traction and contains the gas or fluid
that sustains the load
Radial ply tire A pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that
extend to the beads are laid at substantially 90
degrees to the centerline of the tread
Reinforced tire A tire designed to operate at higher loads and
at higher inflation pressures than the corre-
sponding standard tire
Section width The linear distance between the exteriors of
the sidewalls of an inflated tire, excluding ele-
vations due to labeling, decoration, or protec-
tive bands
Sidewall That portion of a tire between the tread and
bead
Sidewall separation The parting of the rubber compound from the
cord material in the sidewall
Snow tire A tire that attains a traction index equal to or
greater than 110, compared to the ASTM E-
1136 Standard Reference Test Tire, when
using the snow traction test as described in
ASTM F-1805-00, Standard Test Method for
Single Wheel Driving Traction in a Straight Line
on Snow-and Ice-Covered Surfaces, and which
is marked with an Alpine Symbol ( ) on at
least one sidewall
Te s t r i m The rim on which a tire is fitted for testing, and
may be any rim listed as appropriate for use
with that tire
532
Abbreviation list
Abbreviation/Acronym list
ABBREVIATIONSMEANING
A/C Air Conditioning
ABS Anti-lock Brake System
ACC Accessory
ALR Automatic Locking Retractor
BSM Blind Spot Monitor CRS Child Restraint System
DISP Display ECU Electronic Control Unit
EDR Event Data RecorderELR Emergency Locking Retractor
EPS Electric Power Steering
GAWR Gross Axle Weight Ratings
GVWR Gross Vehicle Weight Rating
I/M Emission inspection and maintenance
LATCH Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children LED Light Emitting Diode
M + S Mud and Snow MMT Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl
MTBE Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether
OBD On Board DiagnosticsSRS Supplemental Restraint System TIN Tire Identification Number
TPMS Tire Pressure Warning System TRAC Traction Control VIN Vehicle Identification Number
VSC Vehicle Stability Control
541
Alphabetical index
Safety Connect ........................ 336
Seat belts
Adjusting the seat belt ............ 87
Automatic Locking Retractor .............................. 89
Child restraint system installation .......................... 139
Cleaning and maintaining
the seat belts...................... 348
Emergency Locking Retractor .............................. 89
How to wear your seat belt ..... 87
How your child should wear the seat belt ......................... 90
Pregnant women, proper seat belt use ............. 89
Reminder light ...................... 426
Seat belt extenders ................ 90
Seat belt pretensioners .......... 88
Seat heaters ............................. 316
Seating capacity ...................... 232 Seats
Adjustment ........................80, 83
Adjustment precautions...........82
Child seats/child restraint system installation ..............139
Cleaning ................................347
Head restraint..........................85
Properly sitting in the seat .....115
Rear seat folding down ...........83
Seat heaters ..........................316
Service reminder
indicators ..............................184
Shift lever If the shift lever cannot
be shifted from P................. 466
Transmission .........................172
Shift lock system .....................466
Side airbags..............................117
Side marker lights Replacing light bulbs .............405
Switch....................................196
Wattage .................................494
Side mirror
Adjusting and folding ...............97
Defogger ...............................249
Smart key system
Entry function ..........................55
Starting the hybr id system.....161
Spare tire
Inflation pressure...................383
Storage location ....................452
Spark plug ................................489
Specifications...........................484
Speedometer ............................178
Steering
Column lock release..............165S
542 Alphabetical index
Steering wheelAdjustment ..............................94
Audio switches ...................... 294
Stop/tail lights Replacing light bulbs ............. 405
Wattage ................................. 494
Storage feature......................... 300
Storage precautions ................228
Stuck If your vehicle becomes stuck ................................... 480
Sun visors................................. 309
Sunshade Roof....................................... 103
Switch Emergency flasher switch ..... 418
Fog light switch ..................... 202
Hazard light switch ................418
Ignition switch........................ 161
Light switches........................ 196
Power door lock switch ...........71
“POWER” switch ................... 161
Power window switch ..............99
Window lock switch .................99
Wiper and washer switch ...... 204 Tail lights
Replacing light bulbs ............. 405
Switch ................................... 196
Wattage................................. 494
Theft deterrent system
Alarm..................................... 112
Immobilizer system ............... 110
Tire inflation pressure ............. 383
Tire information
Glossary ................................ 504
Size ....................................... 501
Tire identification number...... 500
Uniform tire quality grading................................ 502
Tires Chains ................................... 233
Checking ............................... 377
If you have a flat tire.............. 452
Inflation pressure .................. 383
Inflation pressure sensor....... 378
Replacing .............................. 452
Rotating tires ......................... 377
Size ....................................... 492
Snow tires ............................. 233
Spare tire .............................. 452
Tire pressure warning system ........................ 377, 426
Warning light ......................... 426T