2013 SSANGYONG TURISMO tires

01-90000-00
4. CAUTION WHEN SERVICING THE ENGINE
1) Cleaness
Engine has a lot of precisely machined (grinding, polishing, lapping) surfaces. Thus, there should be
great cautions for cleaness when servicing the engine components. Apply the engine oil on the sliding
surfaces when assemblying the components. Every component should be disassembled and
reassembled in accordance with the correct sequences. Before servicing the engine, the negative
cable should be diconnected from the battery. Otherwise, some electric or electronic components
could be damaged.
2) Servicing
Before service work, be sure to disconnect battery negative (-) terminal to prevent damages by bad
wire and short.
To prevent the foreign material from getting into engine cylinder, cover the inlet of air cleaner if the
air cleaner has been removed.
(1) Lifting up the vehicle
Always keep the safety precautions.
To prevent the vehicle from rolling down, put the chocks under the tires (when using a 4-post lift).
Make sure to support the correct lifting points (when using a 2-post lift) -
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(2) Exhaust system
Wear the safety glove when removing the exhaust pipe.
Make sure that the exhaust pipe is cooled before removing it. -
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07-6
1) Front Suspension (Double Wishbone)
Suspension is the term given to the system of springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a
vehicle to its wheels and allows relative motion between the two. Suspension systems serve a dual
purpose - contributing to the vehicle's road-holding/handling and braking for good active safety and
driving pleasure, and keeping vehicle occupants comfortable and reasonably well isolated from road
noise, bumps, and vibrations, etc. These goals are generally at odds, so the tuning of suspensions
involves finding the right compromise. It is important for the suspension to keep the road wheel in contac
t
with the road surface as much as possible, because all the forces acting on the vehicle do so through
the contact patches of the tires. The suspension also protects the vehicle itself and any cargo or luggage
from damage and wear.
2) Rear Suspension (Multi Link Type)
1. OVERVIEW
Double wishbone suspension is an independent
suspension design using two (occasionally
parallel) wishbone-shaped arms to locate the
wheel. Each wishbone or arm has two mounting
points to the chassis and one joint at the knuckle.
The shock absorber and coil spring mount to the
wishbones to control vertical movement. Double
wishbone designs allow the engineer to carefully
control the motion of the wheel throughout
suspension travel, controlling such parameters as
camber angle, caster angle, toe pattern, roll
center height, scrub radius, scuff and more.
The multi-link type is used for the rear
suspension to distribute the internal force (load)
applied to the link while driving. Also, the change
in camber or toe and shock load from the road
has been minimized by optimizing the link
arrangement.

07-12
3. WHEEL ALIGNMENT
Wheel alignment (adjustment of Camber, Caster and Toe) is part of standard automobile maintenance
that consists of adjusting the angles of the wheels so that they are set to the specification. The purpose
of these adjustments is to reduce tire wear, and to ensure that vehicle travel is straight and true (without
"pulling" to one side). Alignment angles can also be altered beyond the specifications to obtain a specific
handling characteristic.
When viewed from the top, the distance between the tire centers is smaller in the front than in
the rear. ▶
Side slip protection
Parallel front wheels rotation (straight ahead driving is ensured by toe-in to prevent the wheels from tilting
outwards by the camber while driving)
Prevention of uneven (outward) tire wear Prevention of toe-out from wearing of steering linkage -
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1) Toe-in
The difference of measured distances between the front ends of the tires (A) and the rear ends of the
tires (B) along the same axle when viewed the wheels from the top.
Toe-inFront0.˚±0.10˚
Rear0.48˚±0.15˚
Necessity for Wheel Alignment ▶
Wheel alignment consists of adjusting the angles of the wheels so that they are perpendicular to the
ground and parallel to each other. The purpose of these adjustments is maximum tire life and a vehicle
that tracks straight and true when driving along a straight and level road.
The symptoms of a vehicle that is out of alignment are:
Uneven or rapid tire wear
Pulling or drifting away from a straight line
Wandering on a straight level road
Spokes of the steering wheel off to one side while driving on a straight and level road.

07-14
3) Caster
The angle between the vertical line and king pin, which fixes the steering knuckle and front axle,
(steering column which connects the top and bottom ball joints in the independent axle type) when
viewed the tires from the side.
CasterFront4.80˚±0.50˚
Rear -
Disadvantages:Impact from the road is transferred to the steering wheel (steering wheel turns)
Poor straightness -
- Advantages:Directional force to go straight (following control)
Restoring force of the wheel (restored to the straight ahead direction)
Prevention of wheel shimmy (wheels wobble left and right) -
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Negative caster: ▶Top of the king pin is tilted forward from the vertical line of the wheel center
when viewed the tires from the side Positive caster: ▶
With considering the height difference between the wheel centers of the front and rear
wheels. (Under standard condition that the vehicle is on a level ground) Caster: ▶
Advantages:Smaller turning radius -Top of the king pin is tilted backward from the vertical line of the wheel center
when viewed the tires from the side

09-54891-01
2. FUNCTION
1) Term Definition
ABS: Anti-Lock Brake System ▶
When the brake pedal is abruptly depressed, the HECU calculates the slip ratio of each wheel based
on information received from the wheel speed sensors and controls the hydraulic module data quickly
and precisely in order to maintain the friction between the road surface and tire optimal (static friction).
Therefore, by keeping the friction between the road surface and tire optimal, it is possible to obtain
following effects: Enhanced steering stability, improved direction stability, reduced stopping distance
and etc.
EBD: Electronic brake-Force Distribution ▶
This is to detect the tire speed from the wheel speed sensor in order to supply the braking pressure to
the rear tires individually. In other words, the HECU measures the tire deceleration speed continuously
and controls the rear inlet valve on the hydraulic modulator to obtain optimal braking force as much as
possible. Thereby, stopping distance, braking effect and straight stability are improved.
ESP: Electronic Stability Program ▶
This is used to make the vehicle stabilized to recognize the emergency driving conditions, and to
control the brake for each wheels and the engine power when the brake system or acceleration will not
work any more in dangerous circumstances.
TCS: Traction Control System ▶
When the wheel is slipping due to an excessive engine torque while starting off or driving, this controls
the driving force (braking force + engine torque) in order to prevent the wheel from slipping through the
engine or brake control.
AYC: Active Yaw Control ▶
This has been developed to help a driver avoid danger of losing control of the vehicle stability due to
understeer or oversteer during cornering, which is a part of the ESP function.
HBA: Hydraulic Brake Assistant ▶
Developed based on the fact that elderly drivers depress the brake pedal too soft even when hard
braking is necessary, this an assist system to operate the HECU drive motor immediately and apply
high braking force to the wheels when the brake pedal is depressed softly and the vehicle should be
braked in emergency.
ARP: Active Rollover Protection ▶
This is a supplementary device for safety in ESP system and can help minimize the rollover accidents
by detecting a potential rollover situation through the brake and engine control when making sudden
lane change or turning sharply by adding only the software, without any separate device or switch.

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2) Operation of ESP System
(1) Under steering
What is understeering? ▶
ESP controls during understeer ▶ Understeer is a term for a condition in which the steering wheel is steered to a certain angle during
driving and the front tires slip toward the reverse direction of the desired direction. Generally, vehicles
are designed to have understeer. It is because that the vehicle can return back to inside of cornering
line when the steering wheel is steered toward the inside even when the front wheels are slipped
outward.
As the centrifugal force increases, the tires can easily lose the traction and the vehicle tends to slip
outward when the curve angle gets bigger and the speed increases.
The ESP system recognizes the directional angle with the steering wheel angle sensor and senses the
slipping route that occurs reversely against the vehicle cornering direction during understeer with the
yaw rate sensor and lateral sensor. Then, the ESP system applies the braking force to the rear inner
wheel to compensate the yaw moment value. In this way, the vehicle does not lose its driving direction
and the driver can steer the vehicle as intended.

09-14
(2) Over steering
What is oversteering? ▶
ESP controls during oversteer ▶ Oversteer is a term of a condition in which the steering wheel is steered to a certain angle during
driving and the rear tires slip outward losing traction.
Compared to understeering vehicles, it is hard to control the vehicle during cornering and the vehicle
can spin due to rear wheel moment when the rear tires lose traction and the vehicle speed increases.
The ESP system recognizes the directional angle with the steering wheel angle sensor and senses the
slipping route that occurs towards the vehicle cornering direction during oversteer with the yaw rate
sensor and lateral sensor. Then the ESP system applies the braking force to the front outer wheel to
compensate the yaw moment value. In this way, the vehicle does not lose its driving direction and the
driver can steer the vehicle as intended.

10-34891-01
1. SYSTEM OVERVIEW
When braking suddenly or braking on slippery roads, the vehicle keeps moving forward but the wheels
are locking and not rotating. If these happen, the vehicle may lose stability or rotate resulting in an
accident. ABS helps to maintain directional stability and control of the vehicle. ABS is designed to
secure more safety and increase the control of steering wheel during emergency braking situation.
But, ABS does not guarantee perfect safety beyond its physical limit. ABS in this vehicle contains EBD
function. In normal driving conditions, the brake system operates without ABS function.
1) Basic Theory of ABS Function
To give you a better understanding of the tasks and functions of ABS, we will first look at the physics
principles.
▶Stopping distance
The stopping distance depends on the vehicle weight and initial speed when braking starts. This also
applies for vehicle with ABS, where ABS always tries to set an optimum brake force on each wheel. As
great forces are exerted between the tires and the carriageway when braking, even with ABS the
wheels may scream and rubber is left on the road. With an ABS skid mark one may be able to clearly
recognize the tire profile. The skid mark of an ABS vehicle does not however leave any hint of the
speed of the vehicle in the case of an accident, as it can only be clearly drawn at the start of braking.
▶Brake force on a wheel
The maximum possible brake force on a wheel depends on the wheel load and the adhesion
coefficient between tire and carriageway. With a low adhesion coefficient the brake force, which can be
obtained is very low. You are bound to know the result already from driving on winter roads. With a
high adhesion coefficient on a dry road, the brake force, which can be obtained, is considerably higher.
The brake force, which can be obtained, can be calculated from below formula: