2013 PORSCHE CAYENNE engine

Drive systems and chassis | Drive systems · 30
29 · Drive systems and chassis | Drive systems
Hybrid, diesel, petrol. Many different options.
One outcome: Porsche.
Drive systems.
The drive system of the
Cayenne S Hybrid.
Hybrid drives are suitable for use in a
wide range of scenarios. On road, off
road or on the track – to us, it ’s about
using technology in the most intelligent
way. This enables us to introduce hybrid
technology into a variet y of different
vehicle concepts.
The clearest proof of this is the 918 Spyder
– a concept study for the super sports car
of the future. The electric machines in its
plug-in hybrid system work in conjunction
with the high rpm
engine to deliver out-
standing performance with incredibly low
fuel consumption.
Another example of a track- derived racing
vehicle is the 911 GT3 R Hybrid. With
its front-wheel hybrid drive and fly wheel storage system, it is an extremely
modern
interpretation of a thoroughbred
racecar with great potential for the
future.
With the Cayenne S Hybrid, our primary
focus was on meeting customer require -
ments in terms of athleticism, high effi -
ciency and greater everyday practicality.
The result: the parallel full hybrid.
The Cayenne S Hybrid has a 3.0 -litre V6
supercharged engine. The charging
effect of the compressor ensures high
levels of torque, even at low engine
speeds. The unit generates an output of
245 kW (333 hp). 440 Nm of torque is
available bet ween 3,000 and 5,250 rpm,
enabling a low-rev, economical driving
style while offering exceptional reserves
of power. At 288 volts, the electric machine has

a maximum output of 34 kW (47 hp).
The benefits of the synchronous motor
with inner rotor design are extremely
compact dimensions and high levels of
efficiency. It also acts as a starter motor
and alternator.
Working in tandem, both units provide
a total output of 279 kW
(380 hp) and
maximum torque of 580 Nm,
propelling
the car from 0 to 100 km/ h in just
6.5 seconds. These are the levels of
acceleration you would usually expect
from an eight- cylinder unit, but with
a combined fuel consumption of
8.2 l/100 km in the EU cycle.
1)
On the parallel full hybrid system, the
electric machine is integrated directly
into the drivetrain. The hybrid module
is situated bet ween the transmission
and the combustion engine. The engine
is engaged and disengaged using a
specially designed decoupler.
The electronic engine management
system receives all information on the
driving and energy status and controls
both drive systems to ensure optimum
performance in any driving scenario.
It shuts off the combustion engine and
switches it back on. Thanks to the ultra-
fast decoupler and instantaneous engine
start-up, all of this goes unnoticed by
the driver. Under moderate acceleration,
the electric machine can power the vehicle independently using electricity
alone. For example, for driving quietly
through residential areas. In addition,

it can be used to boost performance –
for even faster acceleration.
The parallel full hybrid concept also
comes into its own during performance
driving. When the Cayenne S Hybrid is
Parallel full hybrid
driven at high speeds and on overrun,
the combustion engine is automatically
disengaged from the drivetrain and shut
off: the car continues to ‘coast’ along.
Engine drag and the associated losses
are eliminated and efficiency is increased
at speeds of up to 156 km/ h.
1) For details on the test procedure, please refer to page 150.
Decoupler Protective housing Electric machine
Hybrid module
For fuel consumption, CO2 emissions and efficiency class data, please refer to pages 150/151.

Drive systems and chassis | Drive systems · 32
31 · Drive systems and chassis | Drive systems
E-power button.
The ‘e-power’ but ton can be used to
expand the range in which the vehicle

can be run solely on electric power, when
heading out of a residential area, for
instance. The throt tle map is adapted so
that the combustion engine is engaged
later than in ‘Normal’ mode depending
on performance requirements. This is
activated via a but ton on the centre

console.

B at ter y.
The hybrid system features a high-
voltage nickel metal hydride (NiMH) bat-
tery consisting of 240 cells. It provides
the electric machine with the energy required for the vehicle to drive short

distances solely on electric power.
The compact bat tery is located under the
loadspace floor in the luggage compart -
ment. Weighing approximately 80 kg,
its dimensions are 426 mm x 925 mm x
286 mm.
The bat tery is designed to last without
the need for any maintenance throughout
its entire life. As the electric machine
also functions as a generator, it can
charge the bat tery under certain condi -
tions when the combustion engine is in
part-throt tle mode and through energy
recovery during braking. A special bat tery management and cooling system main
-
tains a constant temperature and
protects the battery from overheating.
It also monitors the charge/discharge
processes. As a result, the life of the
bat tery is optimised and its suitabilit y
for everyday use ensured, while offering
a high capacit y: 1.7 kWh.
Systems that are usually dependent on
the output provided by the combustion
engine, such as climate control, power
steering and brake assist, run solely
on electricit y on the Cayenne S Hybrid.
As they do not rely on output from the
engine, these functions remain active
when the car is running in electric mode or when it is ‘coasting’ or gliding along
with the engine turned off.
In summary: despite its six- cylinder
powerplant, the Cayenne S Hybrid offers
performance levels that are comparable
with an eight-cylinder unit – but with
significantly lower fuel consumption. Also
when it comes to hybrid drives, we’ve
taken a completely new path. Hardly
surprising really, with a technology this
convincing.

Cayenne S Hybrid system (combined)
Cayenne S Hybrid combustion engine
Cayenne S Hybrid electric machine
Energy management display in PCM: electric modeFor fuel consumption, CO2 emissions and efficiency class data, please refer to pages 150/151.
Cayenne S Hybrid: 580 Nm at 1,000 rpm, 279 kW (380 hp) at 5,500 rpm
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50
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150 200
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Power (kW)
T orque (Nm)
1500
7500
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1000
Engine speed (rpm)
360 390 420
700580 Nm
279 kW (380 hp)

Drive systems and chassis | Drive systems · 34
33 · Drive systems and chassis | Drive systems
The engine of the Cayenne Diesel.
The Cayenne Diesel is powered by a
3.0 -litre V6 turbo - diesel engine with
a common-rail injection system. Its
turbocharger features Variable Turbine
Geometry (VTG, p. 42). The incoming
exhaust gases drive a set of electronical -
ly variable turbine blades whose angle is
continuously adjusted to ensure optimum
The engine of the Cayenne.
On all Cayenne petrol engines, we have
used direct fuel injection (DFI, p. 40) to
achieve a significant increase in specific
power and torque as well as bet ter fuel
economy and lower emissions.
2)
Cayenne Diesel engine Cayenne Diesel: 550 Nm bet ween 1,750 and 2,750 rpm, 180 kW (245 hp)
bet ween 3,800 and 4,400 rpm
1) Compared to previous model (Model Year 2010). 2) Compared to previous model.
performance under all engine loads. This
results in an output of 180 kW (245 hp)
and maximum torque of 550 Nm. The
car accelerates from 0 to 100 km/ h in
7.6 seconds. Maximum torque is avail -
able bet ween 1,750 and 2,750 rpm. Top
speed is 220 km/ h, while fuel consump -
tion has been lowered.
1)
The Cayenne features a naturally aspi r-
ated 3.6-litre V6 engine with direct fuel
injection (DFI) and variable valve timing
on both inlet and exhaust. The unit
delivers 220 kW (300 hp) at 6,300 rpm
and maximum torque of 400 Nm at 3,000 rpm. Maximum speed is 230 km/ h.
The car requires 7.5 seconds to reach
100 km/ h with a manual gearbox.

At the same time, fuel economy has
been improved by up to 20 %.
2)
Cayenne: 400 Nm at 3,000 rpm, 220 kW (300 hp) at 6,300 rpm Cayenne engine
For fuel consumption, CO2 emissions and efficiency class data, please refer to pages 150/151.
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500 550 600 6500
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7500
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2501000
Power (kW)
T orque (Nm)
Engine speed (rpm)
360
700
390
750800
420
220 kW (300 hp)
400 Nm
0
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120 150 180 210 240 270 300 3301500
200025003000 35004000 45005000 55006000100
300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650
150 200 2501000

Power (kW)

T orque (Nm)
Engine speed (rpm)

550 Nm
180 kW (245 hp)
0
30 60 90
120
150 180 210 240 270 300 330
150020002500 300035004000 4500500055006000100
300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650
150 200 250
1000

Leistung (kW)

Drehmoment (Nm)
Drehzahl (1 /min)

550 Nm
176kW (240 PS)

Drive systems and chassis | Drive systems · 36
35 · Drive systems and chassis | Drive systems
The engine of the Cayenne S.
The Cayenne S has a naturally aspirated
4.8-litre V8 engine with direct fuel injec -
tion (DFI, p. 40), VarioCam Plus (p. 39)
and a t wo -stage intake manifold. The unit
generates 294 kW (400 hp) at 6,500 rpm.
Maximum torque of 500 Nm is available
bet ween 3,500 and 5,300 rpm.
The engine of the Cayenne GTS.
The Cayenne GTS is powered by an
uprated, naturally aspirated 4.8-litre V8
engine. Featuring direct fuel injection
(DFI, p. 40) and VarioCam Plus (p. 39), it
delivers 309 kW (420 hp) at 6,500 rpm.
Cayenne S engine
Fit ted with eight-speed Tiptronic S as
standard, the car is capable of accelerat -
ing from 0 to 100 km/ h in 5.9 seconds.
Top speed is 258 km/ h, while fuel con -
sumption has been reduced by 23 %.
1)
Maximum torque of 515 Nm is available
at 3,500 rpm. The benchmark sprint
from 0 to 100 km/ h is completed in just
5.7 seconds. Top speed comes in at
261 k m / h.
Cayenne GTS engine
Cayenne S: 500 Nm bet ween 3,500 and 5,300 rpm, 294 kW (400 hp) at 6,500 rpm Cayenne GTS: 515 Nm at 3,500 rpm, 309 kW (420 hp) at 6,500 rpm
For fuel consumption, CO2 emissions and efficiency class data, please refer to pages 150/151.1) Compared to previous model.
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450
500 550 600 6500
30 60 90
120
150 180 210 240 270 300
3301500
7500
2000 25003000 3500400045005000 5500600065007000 150 200
2501000
Power (kW)
T orque (Nm)
Engine speed (rpm)
360
700
390
750800
420
294 kW (400 hp)
500 Nm
100
300 350 400
450
500 550 600 650
0
30 60 90
120
150 180 210 240 270 300
330
1500 7500
2000 25003000 3500400045005000 5500600065007000 150 200
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1000
Power (kW)
T orque (Nm)
Engine speed (rpm)
360
700
390
750
800
420
515 Nm
309 kW (420 hp)

Drive systems and chassis | Drive systems · 38
37 · Drive systems and chassis | Drive systems
The engine of the Cayenne Turbo.
The Cayenne Turbo is powered by a
4.8-litre t win-turbo V8 engine featuring
direct fuel injection (DFI, p. 40),

VarioCam Plus (p. 39) and charge-air
cooling. It generates 368 kW (500 hp)
at 6,000 rpm. Maximum torque of
700 Nm is available bet ween 2,250 and
Cayenne Turbo engine
4,500 rpm. Maximum speed is 278 km/ h,
while the sprint from 0 to 100 km/ h
takes as lit tle as 4.7 seconds. By
introducing a range of measures, e.g.
standard fitment of the eight-speed
Tiptronic S, we have been able to make
the car 23 % more fuel efficient.
1)
Cayenne Turbo: 700 Nm bet ween 2,250 and 4,500 rpm, 368 kW (500 hp) at 6,000 rpm
For fuel consumption, CO2 emissions and efficiency class data, please refer to pages 150/151.1) Compared to previous model.
100
300 350 400
450
500 550 600 6500
30 60 90
120
150 180 210 240 270 300
3301500
7500
2000 25003000 3500400045005000 5500600065007000 150 200
2501000
Power (kW)
T orque (Nm)
Engine speed (rpm)
360
700
390
750800
420
700 Nm368 kW (500 hp)

Drive systems and chassis | Drive systems · 40
39 · Drive systems and chassis | Drive systems
The heart of every Porsche.
Applying power with intelligence.
Engine technology.
Auto start/stop function.
The Cayenne models that are equipped
with eight-speed Tiptronic S also feature
an auto start /stop function. If, for ex -
ample, you stop at traffic lights and keep
your foot on the brake pedal, the auto
start/stop function will automatically
cut the engine. Although the engine is
not running, all audio and communication
systems remain switched on and the
standard climate control continues to
maintain the selected temperature. The
only changes you’ll perceive: peace
and quiet and – thanks to greater fuel
economy – also peace of mind.
The system is deactivated in certain
situations, e.g. if the outside temperature
is very high or the bat tery charge is low.
The starter motor has been revised to cope with the additional demands of the
system, and the bat tery charge and life
are continuously monitored. The battery
and starter motor are replacement parts
that are subject to greater wear and tear
with frequent use of the auto start /stop
function.

Standard on the Cayenne Diesel,
Cayenne S, Cayenne S Hybrid,

Cayenne GTS and Cayenne Turbo.
Available as an option for the Cayenne in
conjunction with the optional Tiptronic S.
VarioCam Plus.
VarioCam Plus creates t wo engines out
of one by steplessly adjusting the inlet
valve timing and lift.
The system differentiates bet ween nor
-
mal road usage and performance driving,
adapting seamlessly as driver inputs
change. All functions are automatically
controlled by the engine management
system. All you experience is responsive
acceleration and ultra-smooth running
characteristics. Inlet valve timing is
steplessly adjusted. To improve response
when starting from cold, for example,
VarioCam Plus selects the higher lift
setting and retards valve timing.
At medium revs and minimal load, the
valve lift is lowered and timing advanced
to minimise fuel consumption and emis -
sions. At low engine speeds in particular, VarioCam Plus significantly improves fuel
economy. To achieve maximum power
and torque, the valve lift is raised.
Overall, the system provides greater
performance with relatively modest fuel
consumption.
Standard on the Cayenne S,
Cayenne GTS and Cayenne Turbo.
Variable valve timing.
The V6 engine in the Cayenne features
variable valve timing on both inlet and
exhaust. The camshaft phase angles

are continuously varied by the engine
management system via rotary-vane
adjusters.
On the Cayenne S Hybrid, the inlet valve
timing is continuously adjusted.
VarioCam Plus
The key benefits include better fuel
economy and lower emissions. It also
helps to generate greater power and
torque – even at low engine speeds.
Standard on the Cayenne and
Cayenne S Hybrid.
For fuel consumption, CO2 emissions and efficiency class data, please refer to pages
15 0/ 151.

Drive systems and chassis | Engine technology · 42
41 · Drive systems and chassis | Engine technology
Compression with precision.
Essential for getting right to the point.
Direct fuel injection (DFI).
DFI injects fuel directly into the combus -
tion chamber at up to 120 bar with milli -
second precision using electromagnetic
injectors. The injector position and spray
geometry have been carefully designed
to improve output, torque, fuel economy
and emissions. The swirling of the fuel as
it enters each chamber increases the
mixing of air and fuel, thereby enhancing
combustion. By forming the air/fuel mix -
ture directly in the combustion chamber,
DFI contributes to engine cooling. As a
result, it was possible to increase the
compression ratio and therefore power
and efficiency.
Direct fuel injection on the diesel
engine (common-rail injection system).
On the Cayenne Diesel, direct fuel injec -
tion comes courtesy of a common-rail
injection system. The injection pressure
is now up to 2,000 bar, ensuring optimum
distribution of the air/fuel mixture – for
greater performance. The piezoelectric
injectors provide flexible injection rate
adjustment, using exactly metered
quantities of fuel, with multiple injections
for each power stroke to deliver smooth
combustion.
Cooling systems.
A high-performance engine can only
maintain its maximum capability over
a long service life if all components are
operating consistently within a specific
temperature range. The engines in the
Cayenne models are therefore designed
for efficient cooling.
In order to reduce the frictional losses
that occur during warm-up, all Cayenne
models feature comprehensive thermal
management. Using intelligent control,
it activates the different cooling circuits
individually and on demand, thereby
ensuring that the optimum operating
temperature for the engine and trans -
mission is reached more quickly. This
minimises friction – and keeps fuel
consumption and CO
2 emissions low.
The V8 engines have an enhanced coolant
management system offering effective
temperature control throughout the engine.
While 20 % of coolant flows longitudinally
through the crankcase, the remaining 80 %
serves the cylinder heads using the proven
cross-flow principle (from hot to cold).
On all Cayenne models, the piston heads
are cooled using oil-spray jets integrated
within the main lubrication system.
The entire cooling system is designed for
prolonged heav y-dut y use, e.g. off-road
driving or heav y towing and carrying
applications.
Lubrication.
The V8 engines use dry-sump lubrication
to ensure a consistent supply of oil in
all load conditions, especially in off-road
terrain. The oil reservoir is located inside
the engine. This saves on space and
reduces weight.
Oil is circulated around the V8 engines
using a demand-driven pump. This has
been designed for the toughest driving
scenarios on and off road, including per -
formance driving and extreme gradients.
The V6 engines have a wet-sump lubrica -
tion system. Ensuring a reliable supply of
oil, whatever the driving conditions.
For fuel consumption, CO
2 emissions and efficiency class data, please refer to pages 150/151.

Drive systems and chassis | Engine technology · 44
43 · Drive systems and chassis | Engine technology
Air intake system.
The Cayenne models are all equipped
with a resonance air intake system.
This technology uses the pressure waves
generated by the inlet valves to ‘ force’ air
into the engine.
The effect is further enhanced on the V6
engine in the Cayenne and the V8 engine
in the Cayenne S and the Cayenne GTS
by a t wo -stage intake manifold. This vari -
able geometry combines all the benefits
of a long intake tube (higher torque at
low rpm) with those of a shorter length
(more power at higher rpm).
The result: highly impressive torque
ratings across the entire engine speed
range.
Turbocharging system in the
Cayenne Turbo.
In the Cayenne Turbo, the engine is
assisted by t win turbocharger units
arranged in parallel – one for each bank
of cylinders. Incoming air is passed
through a filter and compressed by the
turbine units. Its temperature is then
reduced in the twin intercooler system,
which improves cylinder charging and
limits thermal loads on the engine.
Supercharging system in the
Cayenne S Hybrid.

The engine in the Cayenne S Hybrid is
equipped with a supercharger. For a
more direct response, even at low revs
and road speeds. The supercharger has
a low-temperature water cooling system
for cooling the charge air.
Variable Turbine Geometry (VTG) in
the Cayenne Diesel.
The turbocharger in the Cayenne Diesel
features Variable Turbine Geometry
(V TG). The gas-flow from the engine
is channelled onto the turbines via elec -
tronically adjustable guide vanes. By
changing the vane angle, the system can
replicate the geometry in all t ypes of
turbo, large or small, and thus achieve
the optimum gas-flow characteristics.
As a result, even at low engine rpm,
the turbine speed is maximised. For a
significant increase in boost pressure,
excellent cylinder charging plus greater
power and torque.
Electronic engine management.
Cultured performance in all driving
scenarios requires comprehensive
engine control. The electronic engine
management system does this by
continually monitoring the relevant input
data from a variet y of sophisticated
sensors. This data is then compared with
a corresponding set of reference values.
Based on this information, a range of
key engine functions, e.g. ignition and
injection timings as well as injection
quantities, are seamlessly and auto -
matically adjusted. Other major functions
include on-board recuperation. It ensures
that the on-board power supply is only
replenished while the vehicle is on the
overrun. This boosts fuel economy as
well as performance, and ensures max -
imum engine output during acceleration.
All this goes unnoticed by the driver,
apart from the obvious benefits: lower
fuel consumption and CO
2 emissions plus
greater power and torque at all times.
Exhaust system.
The light weight exhaust systems in the
Cayenne models are made from special,
long-life stainless steel. The key features
of the catalysts are high efficiency,
faster warm-up and a long service life.
Sports exhaust system.
Available as an option on the Cayenne
and Cayenne S and included as standard
on the Cayenne GTS, the sports exhaust
system
1) provides an even more distinct -
ive sound. For the looks to match, it
comes with a specially designed set of
t win dual-tube tailpipes with a high-gloss
finish. On the Cayenne GTS, these are
finished in mat t black.
All exhaust systems, standard and
sports, comply with the EU 5 emissions
legislation.
1) For Cayenne only in conjunction with Tiptronic S. Single-tube tailpipes on the Cayenne, Cayenne Diesel,
Cayenne S and Cayenne S Hybrid
Dual-tube tailpipes on the Cayenne Turbo
Sports exhaust system (optional)
But ton for spor ts exhaust system
Spor ts exhaust system, with t win dual -tube tailpipes in mat t black on the Cayenne GTS For fuel consumption, CO2 emissions and efficiency class data, please refer to pages 150/151.