126Seats and storage
Seat functions
Introduction
Additional information and warnings
● Adjusting the position of the seats ⇒ page 10
● Seat belts ⇒ page 19
● Airbag system ⇒ page 30
● Child seats (accessories) ⇒ page 47
WARNING
Inappropriate use of the seat functions can cause severe injuries.
● Assume the proper sitting position before your trip and remain in it
throughout. This also applies to the other occupants.
● Always keep hands, fingers, feet and other parts of the body away
from the operating radius and the adjustment of seats.
Seat heating
Fig. 72 In the centre
console: front seats heat-
ing switch The seat cushions can be heated electrically when the ignition is switched
on. The backrest is also heated in some versions.
The seat heating should not be engaged in any of the following conditions:
●
The seat is unoccupied.
● The seat has a covering.
● There is a child seat installed in the seat.
● The seat cushion is wet or damp.
● The indoor or outdoor temperature is greater than 25 °C (77 °F).
FunctionUsing seat heatingTo switch sys-
tem on:Press the button or . Seat heating is switched on fully.
Adjusting the
heating out-
put:Press the button or repeatedly until the desired inten-
sity level is reached.
To switch sys-
tem off:Press the button or until all warning lamps switch off.
WARNING
People who, because of medications, paralysis or chronic diseases (e.g.
diabetes) cannot perceive pain or temperature, or have a limited percep-
tion thereof, may suffer burns to the back, buttocks or legs when using
seat heating, an occurrence that may entail a very lengthy recovery peri-
od or from which it may not be possible to recover fully. Seek medical ad-
vice if you have doubts regarding your health.
● People with a limit pain and temperature threshold must never use
seat heating.
131
Seats and storage
WARNING
● Please make sure that any items of clothing hanging from the coat
hooks do not obstruct your view to the rear.
● The coat hooks should only be used for lightweight clothing. Do not
leave any heavy or sharp objects in the pockets.
● Do not use clothes hangers to hang up the clothing, as this could in-
terfere with the function of the head-protection airbags.
Roof carrier
Note the following points if you intend to carry loads on the roof:
● In your car only certain roof carriers should be used. Roof carriers are the
basis of a complete roof carrier system. To transport luggage and sports
equipment, additional structures/transport systems are needed. We recom-
mend roof carriers and structures from the SEAT accessories programme.
● When mounting the roof carrier, be sure to mount only on the points al-
ready provided on the roof. The front and rear attachment points are only
visible when the doors are open.
● The maximum permissible roof load for your vehicle is 75 kg. The load
limit applies to the combined weight of the roof carrier, the structures, and
load itself. However, check the load permitted by the specific loading sys-
tem being used. Permissible axle weight and permissible total weight for
your vehicle ⇒ page 267.
WARNING
● Take note of the mounting instructions for the roof carrier system. If
the carrier system and the roof load are not properly secured, items of
luggage could fall from the vehicle and cause an accident.
● When you use a roof carrier system the style of driving changes due
to a shift of emphasis and the larger surface area exposed to wind drag,
which could cause an accident. Therefore, it is essential to adjust your
speed and driving style accordingly, to avoid accidents.
CAUTION
Check that when the rear lid is open, it does not touch loads carried on the
roof. When a roof carrier is fitted, DO NOT open the panoramic roof*.
For the sake of the environment
Greater aerodynamic drag increases fuel consumption. For this reason you
should always take off the roof carrier when it is not in use.
Luggage compartment
General notes
WARNING
The Safe driving chapter contains important information, tips, sugges-
tions and warnings that you should read and observe for your own safety
and the safety of your passengers ⇒ page 7.
Safety FirstOperating instructionsPractical TipsTechnical specifications
168Driver assistance systems
Travelling down hills with the CCS
When travelling down hills the CCS cannot maintain a constant speed. Slow
the vehicle down using the brake pedal and reduce gears if required.
Automatic off
The cruise control system (CCS) is switched off automatically or temporarily:
● If the system detects a fault that could affect the working order of the
CCS.
● If you press and maintain the accelerator pedal for a certain time, driv-
ing faster than the stored speed.
● If the dynamic driving control systems intervene (i.e. ASR or ESC).
● If the airbag is triggered.
Lane Assist system* Introduction
Additional information and warnings:
● SEAT information system ⇒ page 73
● Accessories, parts replacement, repairs and modifications ⇒ page 230
WARNING
The intelligent technology in the Lane Assist system cannot change the
limits imposed by the laws of physics and by the very nature of the sys-
tem. Careless or uncontrolled use of the Lane Assist system may cause
accidents and injury. The system is not a replacement for driver aware-
ness.
● Always adapt your speed and the distance to the vehicles ahead in
line with visibility, weather conditions, the condition of the road and the
traffic situation.
● Always keep your hands on the steering wheel so it can be turned at
any time.
● The Lane Assist system does not detect all road markings. The road
surfaces, road structures or objects in poor condition can be incorrectly
detected as road markings under certain circumstances by the Lane As-
sist system. In such situations, switch the Lane Assist system off imme-
diately.
● Please observe the indications on the instrument panel and act as is
necessary.
● Always pay attention to the vehicle's surroundings.
● When the area of vision of the camera becomes dirty, covered or is
damaged, the Lane Assist system function can be affected.
CAUTION
In order to avoid influencing the operation of the system, the following
points must be taken into account:
● Regularly clean the area of vision of the camera and keep it in a clean
state, without snow or ice.
● Do not cover the area of vision of the camera.
● Check that the area of vision of the windscreen camera is not damaged.
184Intelligent technology
Multi-collision brake
In an accident, the multi-collision brake can help the driver by braking to
avoid the risk of skidding during the accident, which could lead to further
collisions.
The multi-collision brake works for front, side or rear accidents, when the
airbag control unit records its activation level and the accident takes place
at a speed of over 10 km/h (6 mph). The EI ESC automatically brakes the
vehicle, as long as the accident has not damaged the ESC, the brake hy-
draulics or the on-board network.
The following actions control automatic braking during the accident:
● When the driver presses the accelerator. The automatic braking does not
take place.
● When the braking pressure through pressing the brake pedal is greater
than the system’s braking pressure. The vehicle will brake manually.
● Multi-collision braking will not be available if ESC is malfunctioning.
WARNING
● Nor can the ESC, ABS, ASR, EDL, electronic self-locking differential or
selective torque control systems exceed the limits imposed by the laws
of physics. Always bear this in mind, especially on wet or slippery roads.
If you notice the systems cutting in, you should reduce your speed imme-
diately to suit the road and traffic conditions. Do not be encouraged to
take risks by the presence of more safety systems. If you do, an accident
may occur.
● Please remember that the accident risk always increases if you drive
fast, especially in corners or on a slippery road, or if you follow too close
behind the vehicle in front of you. The ESC, ABS, brake assist, EDL, elec-
tronic self-locking and selective torque control systems cannot prevent
accidents: risk of accidents!
● Accelerate with caution on slippery surfaces (for example, icy or
snow-covered). Despite the control systems, the driven wheels could
spin, affecting the stability of the vehicle: risk of accident!
Note
● The ABS and ASR will only operate correctly if the four wheels have iden-
tical tyres. Any differences in the rolling radius of the tyres can cause the
system to reduce engine power when this is not desired.
● The regulating processes of the systems can make noises when they in-
tervene.
● If the warning lamp lights up, or alternatively, there could be a
fault ⇒ page 69.
Switching on/off the ESC and ASR
The ESC is switched on automatically when the engine is
started. The ESC cannot be deactivated. ESC in "Sport" mode
Sport mode is activated through the Easy Connect system ⇒ page 79 menu.
The ability of the ESC to stabilise the vehicle is limited; the traction control
system (ASR) becomes disabled ⇒
.
The control lamp will light up. For vehicles with a driver information sys-
tem*, the driver will be shown the electronic stability control (ESC) option:
sport. Warning! Limited stability .
In the following exceptional circumstances enabling the ESC Sport mode to
improve the traction of the wheels is tenable:
● when rocking the vehicle backwards and forwards to free it.
● Driving in deep snow or on loose surfaces.
Disable ESC Sport mode
Through the Easy Connect system ⇒ page 79. The warning lamp will
switch off. For vehicles with a driver information system*, the driver will be
shown the electronic stability control (ESC) option: on .
189
Intelligent technology
Information recorded in the control units
Your vehicle is fitted at the factory with a series of electronic control units
responsible for the engine and gearbox management. In addition, the con-
trol units supervise the correct performance of the exhaust gas system and
the airbag systems.
Therefore, while the vehicle is being driven, these electronic control units
are continuously analysing the vehicle data. In the event of faults or devia-
tions from the theoretical values, only this data is stored. Generally, the in-
strument panel warning lamps indicate whether there are any malfunctions.
This data can only be read and analysed using special equipment.
The storing of the data allows specialised workshops to detect and repair
faults. Stored data may include:
● Important data about the engine and gearbox
● Speed
● Direction of travel
● Braking force
● Seat belt check
The vehicle control units never record conversations held by passengers in
the vehicle.
If the control unit records an accident with airbag activation, the system
may automatically send a signal. This will depend on the network operator.
Normally, transmission is only possible in areas with sufficient coverage.
Event Data Recorder
The vehicle is not fitted with an event data recorder.
An event data recorder temporarily stores the vehicle information. There-
fore, in the event of accident, it is possible to obtain detailed information
about how the accident occurred. For example, in vehicles with airbag sys-
tems, data relating to speed of impact, seat belt status, seat positions and airbag activation times may be stored. The volume of data depends on the
manufacturer.
Event data recorders can only be mounted with authorisation from the vehi-
cle owner and, in some countries, they are governed by local legislation.
Reprogramming control units
On the whole, all the data required for the component management is stor-
ed in the control units. The programming of certain convenience functions,
such as the turn signal convenience mode, individual door opening and dis-
play indications can be modified using special equipment at the workshop.
If the convenience functions are reprogrammed, the Instruction Manual in-
formation and descriptions will not coincide with the modified functions.
Therefore, SEAT recommends that any changes are recorded in the “Other
workshop notes section” of the Service Plan.
You can find out about possible reprogramming at your SEAT Official Serv-
ice.
Event recorder
In the footwell on the driver side you will find the diagnostics connection
socket for reading the event recorder. The event recorder stores operating
data and data on the status of the electronic control units. The events re-
corder should only be read and deleted by a SEAT Official Service or special-
ised workshop.
WARNING
The diagnostics connection socket must not be used for private purpo-
ses. Improper use can cause malfunctions: risk of accident!
Safety FirstOperating instructionsPractical TipsTechnical specifications
230Accessories and modifications to the vehicle
Accessories and modifications to the vehicle
Accessories, replacement parts and repairs
Always ask your dealer or specialist retailer for advice be-
fore purchasing accessories and replacement parts.
Your vehicle is designed to offer a high standard of active and passive safe-
ty. For this reason, we recommend that you ask a SEAT Official Service for
advice before fitting accessories or replacement parts. Your SEAT Official
Service has the latest information from the manufacturer and can recom-
mend accessories and replacement parts which are suitable for your re-
quirements. They can also answer any questions you might have regarding
official regulations.
We recommend you to use only SEAT accessories and Genuine SEAT parts ®
.
SEAT has tested these parts and accessories for suitability, reliability and
safety. SEAT Official Services have the necessary experience and facilities to
ensure that the parts are installed correctly and professionally.
Any retro-fitted equipment which has a direct effect on the vehicle and/or
the way it is driven (e.g. cruise control system or electronically-controlled
suspension) must be approved for use in your vehicle and bear the e mark
(the European Union's authorisation symbol).
If any additional electrical components are fitted which do not serve to con-
trol the vehicle itself (for instance a refrigerator box, laptop or ventilator fan,
etc.), these must bear the mark (manufacturer conformity declaration in
the European Union).
WARNING
Accessories, for example telephone holders or cup holders, should never
be fitted on the covers, or within the working range of the airbags. Other-
wise, there is a danger of injury if the airbag is triggered in an accident.
Technical modifications
Modifications must always be carried out according to our
specifications.
Unauthorised modifications to the electronic components, software, wiring
or data transfer in the vehicle may cause malfunctioning. Due to the way the
electronic components are linked together in networks, other indirect sys-
tems may be affected by the faults. This can seriously impair safety, lead to
excessive wear of components, and also invalidate your vehicle registration
documents.
You will appreciate that your SEAT dealership cannot be held liable for any
damage caused by modifications and/or work performed incorrectly.
We recommend that all work should be performed by a SEAT Official Service
using Genuine SEAT parts
®
.
WARNING
Incorrectly performed modifications or other work on your vehicle can
lead to malfunctions and cause accidents.
Radio transmitters and business equipment
Radio transmitters (fixed installation)
Any retrofit installations of radio transmitters in the vehicle require prior ap-
proval. SEAT generally authorises in-vehicle installations of approved types
of radio transmitters provided that:
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185Brake fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Brake servo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
New brake pads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Braking Brake assist system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Moving off on a hill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
C
Carbon components: Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Care of vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Care (paint care) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Catalytic converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
CD-ROM reader (navigation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Central locking Anti-theft alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Central locking switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Electric windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Remote control key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Selective unlocking system . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Sliding/tilting sunroof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Central locking system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Manual locking in an emergency . . . . . . . . 97
Rear lid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Cetane number (Diesel fuel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Changing Windscreen and rear window wiper blades . .221
Changing a bulb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 Bulb sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 Changing gear
Engaging gears (manual gearbox) . . . . . . 152
Manual gearbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Changing main headlight main beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
turn signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Changing main headlight bulbs daylight bulb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Dipped beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Changing the battery of the vehicle key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Chassis number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Child-proof lock Electric windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Child safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Child seat Categorisation in groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Group 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Group 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Group 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Groups 0 and 0+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Safety notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Securing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Child seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 ISOFIX system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
on the front passenger seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Top Tether system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54, 55
Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 Alcantara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Carbon components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Display/Easy Connect control panel . . . . . 202
Exhaust pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Leather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Plastic parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200, 202
Radio display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Rims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Seat belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Trim parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Trims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Washing the vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Windscreen and rear window wiper blades . .221
Cleaning/De-icing the windows . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Cleaning the rims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Cleaning the upholstery Natural leather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Closing Bonnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Panoramic sliding sunroof . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Panoramic sunroof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Clutch (warning lamp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Coming Home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Compartments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Consumption (fuel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Control lamp Airbag system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Cruise control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Tyre monitor indicator warning lamp . . . . 175
Tyre monitoring systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Windscreen wiper fluid level . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Control lamps Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Control of function Rain sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
278 Index
Emergency locking and unlocking . . . . . . . . . . 96
EngineAssisted starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Preheating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Start-Stop system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Starting up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Starting up (driver messages with the me-chanical contact) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Switching off (engine) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Engine compartment Closing the bonnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Opening the bonnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Safety notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Engine coolant G 12 plus-plus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
G 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Engine oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Checking oil level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Engine oil dipstick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Inspection service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Longlife inspection service . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Oil properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Replace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Service intervals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Temperature display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Topping up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Environment Ecological driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Environmental friendliness . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 Environmental tip
Leaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Environmental tips Filling the tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207, 208
Environment warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
ESC Electronic stability control . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Mode Sport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Multi-collision brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
ESC Sport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Ethanol (fuel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Exhaust tail pipe: Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
extending the rear lid locking time see rear lid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Exterior anti-dazzle rear vision mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Exterior lighting Changing a bulb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Exterior mirrors Adjust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
heated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
F
Fastening rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 133
Fault in the gearbox (warning lamp) . . . . . . . . 162
Fault memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Faults Panoramic sliding sunroof . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Faults in the gearbox (warning lamps) . . . . . . 162 Faulty bulbs
Changing a bulb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Filling the tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Fuel gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Opening the fuel tank cap . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Floor mats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Fog light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Fold the seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Fold the back seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Front airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Safety notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Front armrest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Diesel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Ethanol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Fuel gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Fuel consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Full-LED headlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Fuses Changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Provision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
G
Gear-change indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Gearbox DSG see Automatic gearbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Gear recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
280 Index