2011 VOLVO S80 wheel

04 Comfort and driving pleasure
Driver Alert System*
04
182* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
Lane Departure Warning (LDW)–
introduction
This function is designed to help reduce the
risk of accidents in situations where the vehicle
leaves its lane and there is a risk of driving off
the road or into the opposite lane. LDW con-
sists of a camera that monitors the lane’s side
marker lines. The driver is alerted by an audible
signal if the vehicle crosses a side marker line
or the road’s center dividing line.
Operation and function
LDW can be switched on or off by pressing the
button on the center console. A light in the but-
ton illuminates when the function is on.
The trip computer display shows
Lane Depart
Warn Unavailable when the function is in
standby mode.
When LDW is in standby mode, the function is
activated automatically after the camera has
monitored the road’s side marker lines and the
vehicle’s speed exceeds 40 mph (65 km/h).
Lane Depart Warn Available will be dis-
played.
If the camera can no longer monitor the road’s
side marker lines, or if the vehicle’s speed fallsbelow 37 mph (60 km/h), LDW will return to
standby mode and
Lane Depart Warn
Unavailable will be displayed.
If the vehicle unexpectedly crosses the lane’s
left or right side marker lines, the driver will be
alerted by an audible signal.
No warning signal will be given in the follow-
ing situations:
•The turn signal is being used
•The driver’s foot is on the brake pedal1
•The throttle pedal is pressed quickly
•If the steering wheel is moved quickly
•In sharp turns that cause the vehicle’s
body to sway.
See page 176 for information on the camera’s
limitations.
WARNING
The driver will only be warned once for each
time the wheels cross a marker line. No
alarm will be given if a marker line is
between the wheels.
1A warning will be given even when Increased sensitivity has been selected.

04 Comfort and driving pleasure
Rear Park Assist Camera (PAC)*
04
188* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
Introduction
The Park Assist Camera uses the display on the
dashboard to show the area behind the car
while you are backing up.
PAC also shows guiding lines in the on-screen
image to indicate the direction that the vehicle
will take as it moves rearward, which helps
simplify parallel parking, backing into a tight
space or when attaching a trailer to the vehicle.
NOTE
PAC can only be installed on vehicles equip-
ped with the Volvo’s own navigation system
VNS.
WARNING
•PAC is designed to be a supplementary
aid when parking the vehicle. It is not,
however, intended to replace the
driver’s attention and judgment.
•The camera has blind spots where it
cannot detect objects or people behind
the vehicle.
•Pay particular attention to people or ani-
mals that are close to the vehicle.
Function
The driver sees what is behind the vehicle and
if a person or animal should suddenly appear
from the side.
PAC is mounted on the rear of the trunk lid,
near the opening handle.
The camera has built-in electronics that help
reduce the “fish-eye” effect so that the image
shown on the screen is as natural as possible.
This may cause some objects on the screen to
“lean,” which is normal.
WARNING
Objects seen on the screen may be closer
than they appear to be.
Ambient lighting conditionsThe camera automatically monitors the ambi-
ent lighting conditions behind the vehicle and
constantly adjusts sensitivity to light. This may
cause the brightness and quality of the image
on the screen to vary slightly. Sensitivity to light
is increased in dark conditions or in bad
weather, which may affect image quality.
If the image on the screen seems too dark,
brightness can be increased with the thumb
wheel on the lighting panel.
NOTE
In order to function properly, the camera
lens should always be kept clean. This is
particularly important in bad weather. Keep
the lens free of dirt, ice or snow.
Using PAC
ActivationPAC is activated when the gear selector is
moved to R if the system is set to Automaticunder Parking camera settings in the menu
system.
If the Volvo Navigation System (VNS) is in use,
PAC will automatically override the navigation
system to show the camera's image on the
screen instead of navigation information, for as
long as reverse gear is selected.

04 Comfort and driving pleasure
Rear Park Assist Camera (PAC)*
04

* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.189
DeactivationMove the gear selector from R to another posi-
tion. There is a slight delay in the PAC system,
which means that the view from behind the
vehicle will remain on the screen for approxi-
mately 15 seconds after the gear selector has
been moved from the R position or until the
vehicle reaches a forward speed of 6 mph
(10 km/h). The screen will then revert to the
mode that it was in before R was selected and
will, for example, display navigation system
information.
Guiding lines
G000000
The lines on the screen are projected as if they
were a path on the ground behind the vehicle
and are affected by the way in which the steer-
ing wheel is turned. This enables the driver tosee path the vehicle will take, even if he/she
turns the steering wheel while backing up.
NOTE
When backing up with a trailer, the guiding
lines show the path that the vehicle will
take, not the trailer.
WARNING
Keep in mind that the image on the screen
only shows the area behind the vehicle. The
driver must always watch for people, ani-
mals, other vehicles, etc., near the sides of
the vehicle when turning while backing up.
Marker lines
The PAC system's lines
Marker line for a 1-foot (30-centimeter)
zone behind the vehicle
Marker line for the clear back-up zone
"Wheel tracks"
The solid line (1) indicates a zone within 1 ft
(30 centimeters) of the rear bumper.
The dashed line (2) indicates the clear zone of
approximately 5 feet (1.5 m) behind the
bumper. These lines also indicate the outmost
limits that any object (door mirrors, corners of
the body, etc.) extends out from the vehicle ,
even when the it turns.
The "wheel tracks" (3) between the side marker
lines show where the wheels will roll and can
extend up to approximately 10.5 ft (3.2 m)
behind the bumper if there are no objects in the
way.

04 Comfort and driving pleasure
Rear Park Assist Camera (PAC)*
04
190* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
Vehicles equipped with Park Assist
G031931
If the vehicle is equipped with the optional Park
Assist system, the distance to an object will be
indicated more exactly and colored markers in
the display indicate which of the sensor(s) has
detected the object.
The markers change color (from yellow to
orange to red) as the vehicle comes closer to
the object.
Marker (color)Distance to
object
Green> 5 ft (1.5 m)
Yellow5–1 ft (0.3–1.5)
Red0–1 ft (0–0.3)
SettingsTo make PAC system settings, press the
MENU button in the center console control
panel and go to Main menu
Car settings
and select one of the following:
Parking camera settings
•Mark Park Assist lines to display the side-
lines while backing up.
•Mark Distance information to display the
intersecting lines while backing up.
Activating the system
•Mark Automatic to activate PAC each
time reverse gear is selected.
•Mark Off to turn off PAC completely.
Summary
•The camera is activated when the gear
selector is moved to R (this can be
changed in the settings menu) and the
image is shown on the navigation system's
display.
•When backing up, two solid lines are pro-
jected on the screen to show the path that
the vehicle's rear wheels will take. These
lines are affected by movements of the
steering wheel. The vehicle's approximate
outer dimension are shown by two dashed
lines.
•The graphic lines will not be displayed
when backing up with a trailer that is con-
nected to the vehicle's electrical system.
•Objects on the ground that are closer than
1 ft (30 centimeters) cannot be detected by
the camera.
•The camera is active for approx.
5 seconds after the gear selector is moved
to R or until the vehicle's speed exceeds
6 mph (10 km/h).
•The optional Park Assist sensors and the
parking camera work together and infor-
mation from the sensors is shown graphi-
cally on the display.
•If the Park Assist* system's sensors detect
a trailer, the camera will zoom in on the
trailer hitch to help position the trailer's
tongue correctly.
•The graphic lines shown on the screen
when the vehicle backs up can be disabled
in the settings menu.
•Automatic or manual zoom can be
selected in the settings menu.

05 During your trip
Driving recommendations
05
204
General information
Economical driving conserves natural
resources
Better driving economy may be obtained by
thinking ahead, avoiding rapid starts and stops
and adjusting the speed of your vehicle to
immediate traffic conditions.
Observe the following rules:
•Bring the engine to normal operating tem-
perature as soon as possible by driving
with a light foot on the accelerator pedal for
the first few minutes of operation. A cold
engine uses more fuel and is subject to
increased wear.
•Whenever possible, avoid using the vehicle
for driving short distances. This does not
allow the engine to reach normal operating
temperature.
•Drive carefully and avoid rapid acceleration
and hard braking.
•Use the transmission's Drive (D) position
as often as possible and avoid using kick-
down.
•Do not exceed posted speed limits.
•Avoid carrying unnecessary items (extra
load) in the vehicle.
•Maintain correct tire pressure. Check tire
pressure regularly (when tires are cold).
•Remove snow tires when threat of snow or
ice has ended.
•Note that roof racks, ski racks, etc,
increase air resistance and also fuel con-
sumption.
•At highway driving speeds, fuel consump-
tion will be lower with the air conditioning
on and the windows closed than with the
air conditioning off and the windows open.
•Using the onboard trip computer's fuel
consumption modes can help you learn
how to drive more economically.
Other factors that decrease gas mileage
are:
•Dirty air cleaner
•Dirty engine oil and clogged oil filter
•Dragging brakes
•Incorrect front end alignment
Some of the above mentioned items and others
are checked at the standard maintenance
intervals.
WARNING
Driving with the trunk open: Driving with
the trunk open could lead to poisonous
exhaust gases entering the passenger com-
partment. If the trunk must be kept open for
any reason, proceed as follows:
•Close the windows
•Set the ventilation system control to air
flow to floor, windshield and side win-
dows and the blower control to its high-
est setting.
Weight distribution affects handlingAt the specified curb weight your vehicle has a
tendency to understeer, which means that the
steering wheel has to be turned more than
might seem appropriate for the curvature of a
bend. This ensures good stability and reduces
the risk of rear wheel skid. Remember that
these properties can alter with the vehicle load.
The heavier the load in the trunk, the less the
tendency to understeer.
Handling, roadholdingVehicle load, tire design and inflation pressure
all affect vehicle handling. Therefore, check
that the tires are inflated to the recommended
pressure according to the vehicle load. See the
"Tire pressure" section. Loads should be dis-
tributed so that capacity weight or maximum
permissible axle loads are not exceeded.

05 During your trip
Driving recommendations
05
206
Before a long distance tripIt is always worthwhile to have your vehicle
checked by a trained and qualified Volvo serv-
ice technician before driving long distances.
Your retailer will also be able to supply you with
bulbs, fuses, spark plugs and wiper blades for
your use in the event that problems occur.
As a minimum, the following items should be
checked before any long trip:
•Check that engine runs smoothly and that
fuel consumption is normal.
•Check for fuel, oil, and fluid leakage
•Have the transmission oil level checked.
•Check condition of drive belts.
•Check state of the battery's charge.
•Examine tires carefully (the spare tire as
well), and replace those that are worn.
Check tire pressures.
•The brakes, front wheel alignment, and
steering gear should be checked by a
trained and qualified Volvo service techni-
cian only.
•Check all lights, including high beams.
•Reflective warning triangles are legally
required in some states/provinces.
•Have a word with a trained and qualified
Volvo service technician if you intend to
drive in countries where it may be difficult
to obtain the correct fuel.
•Consider your destination. If you will be
driving through an area where snow or ice
are likely to occur, consider snow tires.
Cold weather precautionsIf you wish to check your vehicle before the
approach of cold weather, the following advice
is worth noting:
•Make sure that the engine coolant contains
50 percent antifreeze. Any other mixture
will reduce freeze protection. This gives
protection against freezing down to
–31 °F (–35 °C). The use of "recycled" anti-
freeze is not approved by Volvo. Different
types of antifreeze must not be mixed.
•Volvo recommends using only genuine
Volvo antifreeze in your vehicle's radiator.
•Try to keep the fuel tank well filled – this
helps prevent the formation of condensa-
tion in the tank. In addition, in extremely
cold weather conditions it is worthwhile to
add fuel line de-icer before refueling.
•The viscosity of the engine oil is important.
Oil with low viscosity (thinner oil) improves
cold-weather starting as well as decreas-
ing fuel consumption while the engine is
warming up. For winter use, 5W-30 oil, par-
ticularly the synthetic type, is recom-
mended. Be sure to use good quality oil but
do not use cold-weather oil for hard driving
or in warm weather, see page 295 for more
information on engine oil.
NOTE
Synthetic oil is not used when the oil is
changed at the normal maintenance inter-
vals except at owner request and at addi-
tional charge.
•The load placed on the battery is greater
during the winter since the windshield wip-
ers, lighting, etc. are used more often.
Moreover, the capacity of the battery
decreases as the temperature drops. In
very cold weather, a poorly charged bat-
tery can freeze and be damaged. It is there-
fore advisable to check the state of charge
more frequently and spray an anti-rust oil
on the battery posts.
•Volvo recommends the use of snow tires
on all four wheels for winter driving, see
page 235.
•To prevent the washer fluid reservoir from
freezing, add washer solvents containing
antifreeze. This is important since dirt is
often splashed on the windshield during
winter driving, requiring the frequent use of
the washers and wipers. Volvo Washer
Solvent should be diluted as follows: Down
to 14 °F (–10 °C): 1 part washer solvent and
4 parts water Down to 5 °F (–15 °C): 1 part
washer solvent and 3 parts water Down to
0 °F (–18 °C): 1 part washer solvent and

05 During your trip
Towing a trailer
05
217
NOTE
•When parking the vehicle with a trailer
on a hill, apply the parking brake before
putting the gear selector in P. Always
follow the trailer manufacturer's recom-
mendations for wheel chocking.
•When starting on a hill, put the gear
selector in D before releasing the park-
ing brake. See also page 118 for more
detailed information about starting off
on a hill while towing a trailer.
•If you use the manual (Geartronic) shift
positions while towing a trailer, make
sure the gear you select does not put
too much strain on the engine (using too
high a gear).
•The drawbar assembly/trailer hitch may
be rated for trailers heavier than the
vehicle is designed to tow. Please
adhere to Volvo's recommended trailer
weights.
•Avoid driving with a trailer on inclines of
more than 15 %.
Trailer cableAn adapter is required if the vehicle's trailer
hitch has a 13-pin connector and the trailer has
7 pins. Use an adapter cable approved by
Volvo. Make sure the cable does not drag on
the ground.
Detachable trailer hitch (accessory)
A
C
EDBG010496
Ball holder
Locking bolt
Cotter pin
Hitch assembly
Safety wire attachment
Installing the ball holder1. If necessary, remove the cotter pin from
the locking bolt and slide the locking bolt
out of the hitch assembly.
2. Slide the ball holder into the hitch assem-
bly.
3. Align the hole in the ball holder with the one
in the hitch assembly.4. Slide the locking bolt through the hitch
assembly/ball holder.
5. Insert the cotter pin in the hole at the end
of the locking bolt.
Removing the ball holder1. Remove the cotter pin from the locking bolt
and slide the locking bolt out of the ball
holder/hitch assembly.
2. Pull the ball holder out of the hitch assem-
bly.
NOTE
A cover for the hitch assembly is also
included in the kit.

05 During your trip
Emergency towing
05
219
•Maximum distance with front wheels on
ground: 50 miles (80 km).
•While the vehicle is being towed, try to
keep the tow rope taut at all times.
•The vehicle should only be towed in the
forward direction.
WARNING
The ignition key should always be fully
inserted in the ignition slot when the vehicle
is being towed to help prevent the steering
wheel from locking.
On vehicles with the optional keyless drive,
the remote key must be in the passenger
compartment and the driver's door must be
closed.
NOTE
During towing, ignition mode II should be
used so that the lighting can be switched on.
CAUTION
Vehicles with AWD (All Wheel Drive) with the
front wheels off the ground should not be
towed at speeds above 50 mph (70 km/h) or
for distances longer than 30 miles (50 km).
CAUTION
•Please check with state and local
authorities before attempting this type
of towing, as vehicles being towed are
subject to regulations regarding maxi-
mum towing speed, length and type of
towing device, lighting, etc.
•If the vehicle's battery is dead, do not
attempt to start the vehicle by pushing
or pulling it as this will damage the
three-way catalytic converter(s). The
engine must be jump started using an
auxiliary battery (see page 110).
•If the vehicle is being towed on a flat bed
truck, the towing eyelets must not be
used to pull the vehicle up onto the flat
bed or to secure the vehicle on the flat
bed. Consult the tow truck operator.
Towing vehicles with front wheel drive/
All Wheel Drive
Volvo recommends the use of flat bed equip-
ment.
•If wheel lift equipment must be used,
please use extreme caution to help avoid
damage to the vehicle. In this case, the
vehicle should be towed with the rear
wheels on the ground if at all possible.
•If it is absolutely necessary to tow the vehi-
cle with the front wheels on the ground,please refer to the towing information on
page 218.
CAUTION
•Sling-type equipment applied at the
front will damage radiator and air con-
ditioning lines.
•It is equally important not to use sling-
type equipment at the rear or apply lift-
ing equipment inside the rear wheels;
serious damage to the rear axle may
result.
•If the vehicle is being towed on a flat bed
truck, the towing eyelets must not be
used to secure the vehicle on the flat
bed. Consult the tow truck operator.