2011 PORSCHE CAYENNE ESP

part-throt tle mode and through
energy recovery during braking.
A special bat tery management
and cooling system maintains
a constant temperature and
pro
tects the bat ter y from over-
heating. It also monitors the
charge/discharge processes. As
a result, the life of the bat tery is
optimised and its suitabilit y for
everyday use ensured, while
offering a high capacit y: 1.7 kWh. Systems that are usually depen d-
ent on the output provided by
the combustion engine, such as
climate control, power steering
and brake assist , run solely
on electricit y on the Cayenne S
Hybrid. As they do not rely on
output from the engine, these
functions remain active when the
car is running in electric mode or
when it is ‘coasting’ or gliding
along with the engine turned of f.
In summary: despite its six-
cylinder powerplant, the
Cayenne S Hybrid offers per-
formance levels that are com-
parable with an eight-cylinder
unit – but with significantly lower
fuel consumption.
Also when it comes to hybrid
drives, we’ve taken a completely
new path. Hardly surprising really,
with a technology this convincing.
The compact bat tery is located
under the loadspace floor in the
luggage compartment. Weighing
80 kg, its dimensions are
426 mm x 925 mm x 286 mm.
The bat tery is designed to last
without the need for any main-
tenance. As the electric machine
also functions as a generator,
it can charge the bat tery under
certain conditions when
the combustion engine is in
The hybrid system features a
high -voltage nickel metal hydride
(NiMH) bat tery consisting of
240 cells. It provides the electric
machine with the energy required
for the vehicle to drive short
distances solely on electric
power.
Drive systems and chassis | Drive systems · 31
Energy management display in PCM: electric mode
100 50
0
300350400450500
550600650
0
30 60 90
120
150 180 210 240 270 300 330
150200250

Power (kW)
Torque (Nm)Torque (Nm)T
1500
7500
2000 25003000 3500400045005000 5500600065007000
1000
Revolutions per minute (rpm)
360 390 420
700
580 Nm
279 kW (380 hp)
Cayenne S Hybrid system (combined)
Cayenne S Hybrid combustion engine
Cayenne S Hybrid electric machine

Cayenne Diesel engineCayenne engine
Cayenne Di esel: 550 Nm bet ween 1,750 and 2,750 rpm , 1 80 kW (245 hp)
bet ween 3,800 and 4,400 rpm Cayenne: 400 Nm at 3,000 rpm
, 220 kW (300 hp) at 6,300 rpm
The Cayenne Diesel is powered
by a new 3.0 -litre V6 turbo - diesel
engine with a common-rail injec-
tion system. Its turbocharger
features Variable Turbine Geo -
metry (V TG, p. 40). The incoming
exhaust gases drive a set of
electronically variable turbine
blades whose angle is continuous-
ly adjusted to ensure optimum
performance under all engine
loads. This results in an output
of 180 kW (245 hp) and maximum
torque of 550 Nm. The car
accelerates from 0 to 100 km/ h
(62 mph) in 7.6 seconds. Max-
imum torque is available bet ween
1,750 and 2,750 rpm. Top speed
is 220 km/ h (137 mph), while fuel
consumption has been lowered.
1)
On all Cayenne petrol engines,
we have used direct fuel injection
(DFI, p. 38) to achieve a signi fi-
cant increase in specific power
and torque as well as bet ter fuel
economy and lower emissions.
1), 2)
The Cayenne features a naturally
aspirated 3.6-litre V6 engine
with direct fuel injection (DFI)
and variable valve timing on
both inlet and exhaust. The
unit delivers 220 kW (300 hp)
at 6,300 rpm and maximum
torque of 400 Nm at 3,000 rpm.
Maximum speed is 230 km/ h
(143 mph). The car requires
7.5 seconds to reach 100 km/ h
(62 mph) with a manual gearbox.
At the same time, fuel economy
has been improved by up to 20 %.
1)
The new engine of the Cayenne Diesel. The engine of the Cayenne.
1) Compared to previous model (Model Year 2011).2) The data presented here was recorded using the Euro 5 test procedure (715/2007/ EC and 692/2008/ EC) and the NEDC (New European Driving Cycle). The respective figures were not recorded on individual vehicles and do not constitute part of the of fer. This data is provided solely for the purposes of comparison bet ween the respective models. For more information on individual models, please contact your Porsche Centre.
Drive systems and chassis | Drive systems · 33
32 · Drive systems and chassis | Drive systems
100
300350400450500
550600650
0
30 60 90
120
150 180 210 240 270 300
3301500
7500
2000 25003000 3500400045005000 5500600065007000
150200250
1000
360700

390750800420

Power (kW)
Torque (Nm)Torque (Nm)T
Revolutions per minute (rpm)
220 kW (300 hp)
400 Nm
0
30 60 90
120 150 180 210 240 270 300 3301500
200025003000 35004000 45005000 55006000100
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
150
200
250
1000
550 Nm
180 kW (245 hp)
0
30 60 90
120
150 180 210 240 270 300 330
150020002500 300035004000 4500500055006000
1000

Leistung (kW)
Drehzahl (1 /min)

550 Nm
176kW (240 PS)

Power (kW)
Torque (Nm)Torque (Nm)T
Revolutions per minute (rpm)

Standard on the Cayenne
Diesel, Cayenne S, Cayenne S
Hybrid and Cayenne Turbo.
Available as an option for the
Cayenne in conjunction with
the optional Tiptronic S.
VarioCam Plus.
VarioCam Plus creates t wo en-
gines out of one by steplessly
adjusting the inlet valve timing
and lift.
The system dif ferentiates
bet ween normal road usage and
performance driving, adapting
seamlessly as driver inputs
change. All functions are auto -
matically controlled by the
engine management system.
All you experience is responsive
acceleration and ultra-smooth
running characteristics. Inlet valve
timing is steplessly adjusted. To
improve response when starting
from cold, for example, VarioCam
Plus selects the higher lif t set ting
and retards valve timing.
At medium revs and minimal
load, the valve lif t is lowered and
timing advanced to minimise fuel
consumption and emissions. At
low engine speeds in particular,
VarioCam Plus significantly im-
proves fuel economy. To achieve maximum power and torque, the
valve lif t is raised.
Overall, the system provides
greater performance with rela-
tively modest fuel consumption.
Standard on the Cayenne S
and Cayenne Turbo.
Variable valve timing.
The V6 engine in the Cayenne
features variable valve timing
on both inlet and exhaust.
The camshaft phase angles are continuously varied by
the
engine management system via
rotary-vane adjusters.
On the Cayenne S Hybrid, the
inlet valve timing is continuously
adjusted.
The key benefits include bet ter
fuel economy and lower emis-
sions. It also helps to generate
greater power and torque –
even at low engine speeds.
Standard on the Cayenne
and Cayenne S Hybrid.
high or the bat tery charge is low.
The starter motor has been re-
vised to cope with the additional
demands of the system, and
the bat tery charge and life are
continuously monitored. The
bat tery and starter motor are
replacement parts that are
subject to greater wear and
tear with frequent use of the
auto start /stop function.
communication systems remain
switched on and
the standard
climate control
continues to
maintain the selected temperature.
The only changes you’ll perceive:
peace and quiet and – thanks
to greater fuel economy – also
peace of mind.
The system is deactivated in
certain situations, e.g. if the
outside temperature is very
Auto start/stop function.
The Cayenne models that
are equipped with eight-speed
Tiptronic S also feature an
auto start /stop function. If, for
ex ample, you stop at traf fic
lights and keep your foot on the
brake pedal, the auto start /stop
function will
automatically cut
the engine.
Although the engine
is not running,
all audio and
The heart of every Porsche.
Applying power with intelligence.
Engine technology.
VarioCam Plus
Drive systems and chassis | Engine technology · 37

consistently within a specific
temperature range. The engines
in the Cayenne models are
therefore designed for ef ficient
cooling.
In order to reduce the frictional
losses that occur during warm -up,
all Cayenne models feature com-
prehensive thermal management.
Using intelligent control, it
activates the dif ferent cooling
circuits individually and on de-
mand, thereby ensuring that the
optimum operating temperature
for the engine and transmission
is reached more quickly. This
minimises friction – and keeps
fuel consumption and CO
2 emis-
sions low.
The V8 engines have an enhanced
coolant management system
offering effective temperature
control throughout the engine.
While 20 % of coolant flows longi-
tudinally through the crankcase,
the remaining 80 % serves the
cylinder heads using the proven
cross-flow principle (from hot to
cold).
On all Cayenne models, the piston
heads are cooled using oil-spray
jets integrated within the main
lubrication system.
The entire cooling system is
designed for prolonged heav y-
dut y use, e.g. of f-road driving
or heav y towing and carrying
applications.Lubrication.
The V8 engines use dry-sump
lubrication to ensure a consistent
supply of oil in all load conditions,
especially in of f-road terrain.
The oil reservoir is located inside
the engine. This saves on space
and reduces weight.
Oil is circulated around the V8
engines using a demand- driven
pump. This has been designed
for the toughest driving scenarios
on and off road, including per-
formance driving and extreme
gradients. The V6 engines have a wet-sump
lubrication system.
Ensuring a
reliable supply of oil, no mat ter
how challenging the driving
conditions.
Direct fuel injection on the
diesel engine (common-rail
injection system).
On the Cayenne Diesel, direct
fuel injection comes courtesy of
a common -rail injection system.
The injection pressure is now up
to 2,000 bar, ensuring optimum
distribution of the air/fuel mixture
– for greater performance. The
piezoelectric injectors provide
flexible injection rate
adjustment,
using exactly metered quantities
of fuel, with multiple injections
for each power stroke to deliver
smooth combustion.
Cooling systems.
A high -performance engine can
only maintain its maximum
capabilit y over a long service life
if all components are operating
Direct fuel injection (DFI).
DFI injects fuel directly into the
combustion chamber at up to
120 bar with millisecond precision
using electromagnetic injectors.
The injector position and spray
geometry have been carefully
designed to improve output,
torque, fuel economy and emis-
sions. The swirling of the fuel as
it enters each chamber increases
the mixing of air and fuel, thereby
enhancing combustion. By form-
ing the air/fuel mixture directly
in the combustion chamber, DFI
contributes to engine cooling.
As a result, it was possible to in-
crease the compression ratio and
therefore power and efficiency.

Compression with precision.
Essential for getting right to the point.
38 · Drive systems and chassis | Engine technology

response, even at low revs and
road speeds. This is particularly
useful when driving in urban
traf fic. The supercharger has a
low-temperature water cooling
system for cooling the charge air.
Variable Turbine Geometry in
the Cayenne Diesel.
The turbocharger in the
Cayenne Diesel features Variable
Turbine Geometry (V TG). The
gas-flow from the engine is
channelled onto the turbines via
electronically adjustable guide
vanes. By changing the vane
angle, the system can replicate
the geometry in all t ypes of
turbo, large or small , and thus
achieve the optimum gas-flow characteristics. As a result, even
at low engine rpm, the turbine
speed is maximised. For a sig-
nificant increase in boost pres-
sure, excellent cylinder charging
plus greater power and torque.
Electronic engine management.
Cultured performance in all
driving scenarios requires com-
prehensive engine control. The
electronic engine management
system does this by continually
monitoring the relevant input data
from a variet y of sophisticated
sensors. This data is then com-
pared with a corresponding set of
reference values. Based on this
information, a range of key engine
functions, e.g. ignition and in-
jection timings as well as injection
quantities, are seamlessly and
automatically adjusted. Other
major functions include on -board
recuperation. It ensures that the
on -board power supply is only
replenished while the vehicle is
on the overrun. This boosts fuel
economy as well as performance,
and ensures maximum engine
output during acceleration. All
this goes unnoticed by the driver,
apart from the obvious benefits:
lower fuel consumption and CO
2
emissions plus greater power and
torque at all times.
Exhaust system.
The light weight exhaust systems
in the Cayenne models are made
from special, long-life stainless
steel. The key features of the cata-
lysts are high ef ficiency, faster
warm -up and a long service life.
Sports exhaust system.
Available as an option on the
Cayenne and Cayenne S, the
sports exhaust system
1) provides
an even more distinctive sound.
For the looks to match, it comes
with a specially designed set
of t win dual-tube tailpipes with
a high-gloss finish.
All exhaust systems, standard and
sports, comply with the stringent
EU5 emissions legislation.
2)
Turbocharging system in the
Cayenne Turbo.
In the Cayenne Turbo, the engine
is assisted by t win turbocharger
units arranged in parallel –
one for each bank of cylinders.
Incoming air is passed through
a filter and compressed by the
turbine units. Its temperature is
then reduced in the t win inter-
cooler system, which improves
cylinder charging and limits
thermal loads on the engine.
Supercharging system in the
Cayenne S Hybrid.
The engine in the Cayenne S
Hybrid is equipped with a
supercharger. For a more direct
Air intake system.
The Cayenne models are all
equipped with a resonance air
intake system. This technology
uses the pressure waves
generated by the inlet valves
to ‘force’ air into the engine.
The ef fect is enhanced in the
Cayenne and Cayenne S by a
t wo -stage intake manifold. This
variable geometry combines
all the benefits of a long intake
tube (higher torque at low rpm)
with those of a shorter length
(more power at higher rpm).
The result: highly impressive
torque ratings across the entire
engine speed range.
1 ) For Cayenne only in conjunction with Tiptronic S.2) The data presented here was recorded using the Euro 5 test procedure (715/2007/ EC and 692/2008/ EC) and the NEDC (New European Driving Cycle). The respective figures were not recorded on individual vehicles and do not constitute part of the of fer. This data is provided solely for the purposes of comparison bet ween the respective models. For more information on individual models, please contact your Porsche Centre.
Tailpipes on the Cayenne, Cayenne Diesel, Cayenne S and Cayenne S Hybrid
Tailpipes on the Cayenne Turbo
Drive systems and chassis | Engine technology · 41
Spor ts exhaust system (optional)

The sensors are used to measure
a range of values, including the
rotational speed of all four wheels,
the lateral and longitudinal
acceleration of the car, and
the current steering angle.
If, for example, the rear wheels
threaten to lose traction under
acceleration, a greater proportion
of drive torque is automatically
transmit ted to the front axle by a more positive engagement of
the multi-plate clutch. In addition,
ASR minimises wheel spin. During
cornering, the required level of
engine torque is distributed to the
front wheels to ensure excellent
lateral stabilit y.
In conjunction with advanced
Porsche Stabilit y Management
(PSM, p. 66), PTM ensures the
perfect distribution of drive
torque for optimum traction in all road scenarios, whether on
long straights, through tight cor-
ners or on surfaces with dif ferent
friction coef ficients. If one of the
wheels is about to lose traction,
PTM uses the ABD function to
apply the corresponding brake.
As a result, more drive is auto -
matically transferred to the op-
posite wheel. If both wheels on
one axle are in danger of slipping,
ASR immediately intervenes
and modifies engine output to maintain drive. As well as en-
hancing traction and active safety,
Porsche Traction Management
(PTM) of fers exceptional handling
and driving dynamics.
Standard on the Cayenne,
Cayenne S and Cayenne Turbo.
Torque is distributed bet ween the
front and rear axles by means of
the electronically variable multi-
plate clutch. For the toughest
off-road terrain, the differential
can be locked using the PTM
control on the centre console.
With the aid of on -board sensors,
the status of the car is continu-
ously monitored and the front /
rear split is adjusted to match
changing driving conditions.
Porsche Traction Management
(PTM) on the Cayenne,
Cayenne S and Cayenne Turbo.
Porsche Traction Management
(PTM) is an active all-wheel drive
system with an electronically
variable, map - controlled multi -
plate clutch, automatic brake
dif ferential (ABD) and anti-slip
regulation (ASR).
Intelligent, discreet, responsive.
The ideal travelling companion.
All -wheel drive on the Cayenne, Cayenne S and Cayenne Turbo
Drive systems and chassis | Transmission · 45

3. Normal Level.
Max. ground clearance: 210 mm
(Cayenne Turbo: 215 mm).
4. Low Level I.
22 mm below Normal Level;
max. ground clearance: 188 mm
(Cayenne Turbo: 193 mm);
automatically selected above
138 km/ h (86 mph).
5. Low Level II.
32 mm below Normal Level;
max. ground clearance: 178 mm
(Cayenne Turbo: 183 mm);
automatically selected above
210 km/ h (130 mph).
(Not manually selectable.) 6. Loading Level.
52 mm below Normal Level;
max. ground clearance: 158 mm
(Cayenne Turbo: 163 mm);
only selectable when vehicle is
stationary.
Air suspension with PASM
standard on the Cayenne Turbo.
Optional for all other Cayenne
models.
Porsche Dynamic Chassis
Control (PDCC).
Available as an option in con-
junction with air suspension,
Porsche Dynamic Chassis Control
(PDCC) is an active anti-roll
system that further enhances
the extra ordinary road holding
and precision handling of the
Cayenne models.
PDCC anticipates and significantly
reduces lateral body movement
when cornering. This is achieved
with the aid of the active anti-roll
bars featuring hydraulic swivel
motors on the front and rear
axles. The system responds to
the current steering angle and
lateral acceleration by producing
a stabilising force that precisely
negates the swaying force of the
body. The benefits are greater agilit y
at every speed, more responsive
steering, stable load transfer
characteristics and enhanced
occupant comfort. When off-road
mode is selected via a switch
on the centre console, this allows
the t wo halves of each anti-roll
bar to rotate further in opposition
to each other. This in turn enables
greater wheel articulation and
ensures that each individual
wheel has more contact with
the ground, improving traction
on uneven surfaces.
Optional for the Cayenne,
Cayenne S and Cayenne Turbo.
1. High Level II.
58 mm above Normal Level;
max. ground clearance:
268 mm (Cayenne Turbo:
273 mm); selectable at speeds
of up to 30 km/ h (19 mph).
2. High Level I.
28 mm above Normal Level;
max. ground clearance: 238 mm
(Cayenne Turbo: 243 mm);
selectable at speeds of up to
80 km/ h (50 mph). Air suspension.
The Cayenne models can be
equipped with an air suspension
system featuring self-levelling,
ride-height control and PASM – for
enhanced driving dynamics and
comfort. The self-levelling facilit y
maintains a constant ground clear-
ance, which can easily be adjust-
ed using the ride-height control
on the centre console:
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High -speed cornering in the Cayenne Turbo with PDCCHigh -speed cornering in the Cayenne S without PDCC
52 · Drive systems and chassis | ChassisDrive systems and chassis | Chassis · 53
Air suspension ride heights
Loading Level: 158 mm Normal Level: 210 mm High Level II: 268 mm

high -mounted upper arms are
in aluminium. This axle design
ensures accurate wheel location,
greater agilit y and minimal inter-
ference on uneven surfaces.
The subframe is secured on large
rubber mountings that reduce
road noise to a minimum. It is
also specially constructed to
increase stabilit y. For enhanced comfort and even greater active
and passive safet y. In the event
of an impact, the subframe
deforms in a predefined manner.

Rear axle.
The rear axle features multi-link
suspension. Ideal for performance
road and track use, it also copes
well with the extremely high
towing and carrying loads that
are possible with each Cayenne.
The suspension struts are angled
to allow longer suspension travel
and create a deeper and wider
cargo area. As well as providing
additional space, the car is also
easier to load.
The rear axle design minimises
dive and squat under acceleration
and braking. It also improves mid-
corner stabilit y and compensates
for sudden load transfer. In short:
it enables a more relaxed way
of driving. Examples of intelligent
light weight construction on the
rear axle include hollow drive
shafts.
Steering.
The steering system has been
completely revised and adapted
for a more immediate response
and greater driving dynamics.
Around the straight-ahead pos-
ition, in particular, the ratio is
now more direct. With the variable
steering ratio and special valve
set tings on the power-steering
system, optimum manoeuvrabilit y
is ensured. The turning circle
of the Cayenne models is just
11.9 metres.
The steering column itself
consists of multiple collapsing
sections linked by t wo universal
joints and a special deformation
element provides additional safet y
in the event of a front impact. Electro -hydraulic power steering
is used for the first time on the
Cayenne S Hybrid. The demand-
driven pump only provides
assistance to the steering as
and when required, thereby
contributing to overall efficiency.
Servotronic.
Servotronic is a speed-sensitive
power-steering system.
At higher speeds, the steering
becomes firmer, inputs are more
precise and driver comfort is
enhanced. At lower speeds, it
enables easy manoeuvrability
and parking.
Standard on the Cayenne S
Hybrid. Optional for all other
Cayenne models.
Front axle.
The chassis on the Cayenne
models offers a direct response –
for a more rewarding driving
experience.
The wishbones on the subf rame-
mounted front suspension with
Weight reduction.
The axle concept on the Cayenne
models features con sistent light-
weight construction. The results:
enhanced driving dynamics, lower
fuel consumption and optimum
occupant comfort.
Shedding weight.
Adding agility, economy and comfort.
Drive systems and chassis | Chassis · 55