Airbag system Important things to know
Importance of wearing safety belts and
sitting properly
Airbags are only supplemental restraints. For
airbags to do their job , occupants must al
ways properly wear their safety belts and be
in a proper seating position.
For your safety and the safety of your passen
gers, before driving off, always:
"" Adjust the driver's seat and steering wheel
properly ¢
page 128,
"" Adjust the front passenger's seat properly
¢page 55,
""Wear safety be lts properly ¢ page 140,
""Always properly use the proper child re-
straint to protect chi ldren
r::::> page 169.
In a collision, airbags must inflate within the
blink of an eye and with considerable force.
The supplemental airbags can cause injuries if
the driver or the front seat passenger is not
seated properly . Therefore in order to help the
a ir bag to do its job, it is important, both as a
driver and as a passenge r to s it properly at all
times.
By keeping room between your body and the
steer ing wheel and the front of the passenger
compartment, the airbag can inflate fully and
comp letely and provide supplemental protec
tion in certain frontal collisions
r::::> page 128,
Proper occupant seating positions.
F or details
on the operation of the seat adjustment con
trols ¢
page 55.
It's especially important that children a re
properly restrained
r::::> page 169.
There is a lot that the driver and the passen
gers can and must do to help the individual
safety features installed in your Aud i work to
gether as a system.
Proper seating pos ition is important so that
the front airbag on the driver side can do its
job. If you have a physical impairment or con-
Airbag system 145
dition that prevents you from sitting properly
on the driver seat with the safety belt properly
fastened and reaching the pedals, or if you
have concerns with regard to the function or
operation of the Advanced Airbag System,
please contact your author ized Audi dealer or
qualified workshop, or call Audi Customer
CARE at 1-800-822-2834 for possible modifi
cations to your vehicle .
When the airbag system dep loys , a gas gener
ator will fill the a irbags, break open the pad
ded covers, and inflate between the steer ing
whee l and the driver and between the instru
ment panel and the front passenger. The air
bags will deflate immediately after deploy
ment so that the front occupants can see
through the windshield again without inter ruption.
A ll of th is takes place in the blink of an eye, so
fast that many people don't even realize that
the airbags have deployed. The airbags a lso
inflate with a great dea l of force and nothing
shou ld be in their way when they deploy.
Front airbags in combination with properly
worn safety belts slow down and lim it the oc
cupant's forward movement. Together they
help to prevent the driver and front seat pas
senger from hitting parts of the inside of the
vehicle while reducing the forces acting on the
occupant during the crash. In this way they
help to reduce the risk of injury to the head
and upper body in the crash. Airbags do not
protect the arms or the lower parts of the
body.
Both front airbags will not inf late in all fronta l
collisions . The triggering of the airbag system
depends on the vehicle dece lerat ion rate
caused by the collision and registered by the
electron ic control unit. If th is rate is below
the reference value programmed into the con
trol unit, the airbags will not be trigge red,
even though the car may be bad ly damaged as
a result of the collision . Vehicle damage, re
pair costs or even the lack of ve hicle damage
is not necessarily an indication of whether an
airbag should inf late or not . •
•
146 Airbag sys te m
Since the cir cumstances will vary considerab ly
between one collision and anot her, it is not
possib le to def ine a range of vehicle speeds
that will cover every possible k ind and angle
of impact that will always trigger the airbags.
Important factors include, for example, the
nature (hard or soft) of the object which the
car h its, the ang le of impact, vehicle speed,
etc. The front airbags will also not inflate in
side or rea r collisions, or in ro ll-overs .
Always remember : Airbags will deploy only
once, and only in certa in kinds of co llisions.
Your safety belts are always there to offer pro
tection in those s ituations in which airbags
are not supposed to deploy, or when they have
a lready deployed; for example, when your ve
hicle strikes or is struck by another vehic le af
ter the first co llision.
This is just one of the reasons why an airbag is
a supplementary restraint and is not a substi
tute for a safety belt . The airbag system
works most effect ively when used with the
safety belts. Therefore, always properly wear
your safety belts
c::;, page 137.
A WARNING
Sitting too close to the steer ing wheel or
instrument panel will dec rease the effec
t iveness of the airbags and will increase
the risk of personal injury in a collision .
- Never sit closer than 10 inches (2S cm)
to the stee ring wheel or instrument pan
el.
- If you cannot sit more than 10 inches
( 2 5 cm) from the s teer ing whee l, investi
gate whethe r adaptive equipmen t may
be available to help you reach the pedals
and increase your seating distance from
the steering wheel.
- If you are unrestrained, lean ing fo rward,
sitting sideways or out of position in any
way, your risk of in jury is much higher.
- You will also receive serio us injuries and
cou ld even be killed if you are up against
the airbag or too close to it when it in
flates - even with an Advanced Airbag. -
To reduce the risk of injury when an a ir
bag inflates, always wear safety be lts
properly
c::;, page 140, Safety belts.
- Always make certain that ch ildren age 12
or younger always ride in the rear seat. If
children are not properly restrained, they
may be severely injured or killed when an
airbag inflates.
- Never let children ride unrestrained or
improperly restrained in the vehicle. Ad
just the front seats prope rly .
- Never ride with the backrest reclined.
- Always sit as far as possible from the
steer ing whee l or the instrument pane l
c::;, page 128.
-Always sit upright with your back against
the backrest of your seat .
- Never p lace your feet on the instrument
panel or on the seat. Always keep both
feet on the floor in front of the seat to
help prevent serio us in ju ries to the legs
and h ips if the airbag inflates.
- Never recline the front passenger 's seat
to transpor t objects , Items can a lso
move into the a rea of the s ide airbag or
the front a irbag du ring bra king or in a
sudden maneuve r. Objects nea r the air
bags can become projectiles and cause
in jur y when an airbag inflates.
A WARNING ~
Airbags that have deployed in a crash must
be replaced.
- Use on ly orig inal equipment airbags ap
proved by Aud i and installed by a trained
technician who has the necessary too ls
and d iagnost ic equipment to properly re
p lace any airbag in your vehicle and as
sure system effectiveness in a crash .
- Never permit salvaged or recycled air
bags to be installed in your vehicle.
Child restraints on the front seat - some
important things to know
.. Be sure to read the important informat ion
and heed the WARNINGS for important de
tai ls about chi ldren and Advanced Airbags
~ page 169.
Even though your vehicle is equipped with an
Advanced Airbag System, make certain that
a ll chi ldren, especially those 12 years and
younger, always ride in the back seat properly restra ined for their age and si ze. The airbag
on the passenger side makes the front seat a potentially dangerous place for a child to r ide .
The front seat is not the safest place fo r a
chi ld in a fo rward-facing chi ld seat. It can be a
very dange ro us p lace for an infant or a ch ild in
a rearward -facing seat.
The Advanced Airbag System i n your veh icle
h as been cert ified to comp ly with the require
men ts of Uni ted States Federa l Mo to r Veh icle
Safety Standard 208 as applicable at the time
your vehicle was manufactured.
The Standard requires the front a irbag on the
passenger side to be turne d off ("sup
p ressed") if a chi ld up to about one year of
age restrained in one of the rear -facing or for
ward -facing infant restraints listed i n Federal
Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 208 with wh ich
the Advanced Airbag System in your vehicle
was certified has been installed o n the front
passenger seat . For a listing of the child re
straints that we re used to certify compliance
with the US Safety Standard ~
page 171.
The PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF light in the in
strument panel te lls you when the front Ad
vanced A irbag on the passenger side has been
turned off by the e lectronic control u nit.
Each t ime you sw itch on the ignit ion, the
PAS
SENGER AIR BAG OFF
l ight w ill come on for a
few seconds a nd:
- will stay on if the front passenger seat is not
occup ied ,
- will stay on if there is a small child or child
restraint on the front passenger seat,
A irbag sys tem 147
- will go off if the front passenger seat is oc
cupied by an adult as registered by the
weight -sensing mat ¢
page 156, Monitor
ing the Advanced Airbag System.
T he PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF light comes on
whe n the contro l unit detects a tota l weight
on the front passenger seat that req uires the
front a irbag to be turned off.
If the total weight on the front passenger
seat is more than that of a typical 1 year-old
c h il d but less than the weight of a small
adult, the front airbag on the passenger side can deploy (the
PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF
li ght does not come on). If the PASSENGER
AIR BAG OFF
light does not come on, the
front a irbag on the passenger side has not
been turned off by the elect roni c con trol unit
and can deploy if the control unit se nses an
impact that meets the cond it ions stored i n its
memory .
For example, th e airb ag may deplo y if:
- a small ch ild that is heav ie r than a typical 1
year-old ch ild is o n the front passenger seat
(regard less of whether the child is in one of
the ch ild seats l isted
¢ page 171), or
- a child who has outgrown child restraints is
on the front passenge r seat.
If the front passenger airbag is turned off, the
PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF light comes on in
the instr ument cluster and stays on .
The front airbag on the passenger side may
not deploy (the PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF
l ight does not illum inate and stay lit) even if a
small ad ult o r teenager, or a passenger who is
not sitti ng uprig ht w ith their back against a
non -recli ned back rest w it h thei r feet on the
vehicle floor in front of the sea t is on t he front
passenger seat~
page 128, Proper seating
position for the driver.
If t he fron t passenger ai rbag dep loys, the
Federa l Standard requ ires the airbag to meet
the "low risk" dep loyment criteria to reduce
the ris k of injury t hro ugh inte ract ion w ith the
airbag. "Low risk" dep loyment occ urs in those
crashes that take place at lowe r dece lerat ions .,.. •
•
148 Airbag sys tem
as def ined in the electronic control unit
Q page 156, PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF light.
A lways remember, a ch ild sea t or infan t carr i
e r i nsta lled on the front sea t may be struck
and knocked out of position by the rapidly in
flating passenger's airbag in a frontal colli
sion. The airbag could greatly reduce the ef
fectiveness of the chi ld restraint and even se
rious ly injure the child during inflat ion.
F or this reason, and because the back seat is
the safest p lace for chi ldren -when p roperly
restra ined accord ing to their age and si ze -we
strongly recommend that children always sit
in the back seat
Q page 169, Child Safety .
A WARNING
A child in a rearward-facing child seat in
stalled on the front passenger s eat will be
ser iously injured and can be killed if the
front airbag inflates -even with an Ad
vanced Airbag System.
- The inflating a irbag will hit the child seat
or inf ant carrier w ith great force and w ill
smash the ch ild seat and child agains t
the backrest, center armrest, door or
roof .
- Always install rear -facing child sea ts on
the rear seat .
- If you mus t install a rearward facing
child seat on the f ront passenge r seat
because of except iona l circumstances
and the
PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF light
does not come on and stay on, immedi
ately i nstall the rear-facing chi ld seat in a
rear seating position and have the airbag
system inspected by your Aud i dealer .
- Forward-fac ing ch ild seats installed on
the front passenger's seat may in terfere
with the deployme nt of the airbag and
c ause se rious pe rsonal injury to the
ch ild.
A WARNING
If, in exception al c ircumstances, you mus t
install a forwa rd-facing child restra int on
the front passenger's seat: -
Always make sure the forward-facing
seat has been designed and certified by
its manufacturer for use on a front seat
with a passenger front and s ide a irbag .
- Never put the forward-facing child re
straint up against or very near the instru ment panel.
- Always move the passenger seat into its
rearmost pos ition in the seat's fore a nd
aft ad justment range, as fa r away from
the airbag as possible b efore installing
the forwa rd-fa cing ch ild restra int. The
b ackrest mus t be a djusted to a n up right
position.
- Make sure that the
PASSENGER AIR BAG
OFF
li ght comes on and st ays o n all the
time wheneve r the ignition is swi tched
on.
A WARNING -ra-----
To reduce the risk of serious injury, make
sure that the
PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF
light will be displayed whenever a child re
straint is installed on the front passenger
seat and the ignition is sw itched on.
- If the
PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF light
does not stay on, perform the checks de
scribed
Q page 156, Monitoring the Ad
vanced Airbag System .
-Take t he chi ld restraint off the front pas
senger seat and install it prope rly at one
of the rear seat positions if the
PASSEN
GER AIR BAG OFF
light does not stay on.
- Have the airbag system inspected by
your Aud i dea le r i mmediately .
- Always carefully follow instr uctions from
child restraint manufacture rs when in
stall ing c hild restra ints .
A WARNING
If, in except iona l circumsta nces, you m ust
i nstall a forward or rearwa rd-fa cing child
r estra int on the front p assenger's se at:
- I mp roper ins tallatio n of ch ild restra ints
c a n reduce their effectiveness or even
p revent them from providing any protec -
tion. .,..
-An improperly installed child restraint
can interfere with the airbag as it de
ploys and seriously injure or even kill the
child -even with an Advanced Airbag
System.
- Always carefully follow the manufactur
er's instructions provided with the child
seat or carrier .
- Never place additional items on the seat
that can increase the total weight regis
tered by the weight-sensing mat and can cause injury in a crash.
Front airbags
Description of front airbags
The airbag system can provide supplemental
protection to properly restrained front seat occupants.
Fig. 148 Location of driver air bag: in steer ing wheel
Fig. 149 Location of front passenger's airbag: in the in
st rum ent panel
Your vehicle is equipped with an "Advanced
Airbag System" in compliance with United
States Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard
(FMVSS) 208 as applicable at the time your
ve hicl e was manufactured. The system senses
the position of the front seats and controls
front airbag inflation with a valve, depending
Airbag system 149
on the distance between the respective seat
and the steering wheel or instrument panel.
The safety belts for the seats have "preten
s ioner s" that help to take s lack out of the belt
system. The pretensioners are also activated
by the electronic control unit for the airbag
system.
The front safety belts also have load limiters
to help reduce the forces applied to the body
in a crash.
The airbag for the driver is in the steering
wheel hub¢
fig. 148 and the airbag for the
front passenger is in the instrument panel
¢
fig . 149. The general location of the airbags
is marked "AIRBAG ".
There is a lot you need to know about the air
bags in your vehicle. We urge you to read the
detailed information about airbags, safety
belts and child safety in this and the other
chapters that make up the owner's literature.
Please be sure to heed the WARNINGS -they
are extremely important for your safety and
the safety of your passengers, especially in
fants and small children.
Never rely on airbags alone for protection.
- Even when they deploy, airbags provide
only supplementa l protect ion .
- Airbag work most effective ly when used
with properly worn safety belts.
- Therefore, always wear your safety belts
and make sure that eve rybody in your ve
hicle is properly restrained .
&_ WARNING
A person on the front passenger seat, es
pec ially infants and sma ll children, will re
ceive serious injuries and can even be kil
led by being too close to the airbag when
it inflates .
- Although the Advanced Airbag System in
your vehicle is designed to turn off the
front passenger airbag if an infant or a small child is on the front passenger
seat, nobody can absolutely guarantee
11-
150 Airbag sys te m
that deployment under these special
condit ions is impossible in all conceiva
ble situations that may happen during
the useful life of your vehicle .
- The Advanced Airbag System can deploy
in accordance with the "low risk" opt ion
under the U.S . Federal Standard if a child
that is heavier than the typical one-year old child is on the front passenger seat
and the othe r cond itions for airbag de
ployme nt are met .
- Ac cident statist ics have shown that chi l
dren are generally safer in the rea r seat
are a than in the front sea ting posi tion.
- For their own safety, all chi ld ren, espe
cially 1 2 ye ars and younger, sho uld a l
ways ride in the back properly rest rained
for their age and size .
Advanced front airbag system
Your vehicle is equipped with a front Advanced
Airbag System in compliance with Un ited
States Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard
208 as applicable at the time your vehicle was manufactured .
The front Advanced Airbag System supple ments the safety belts to provide addit iona l
protection for the driver's and front passeng
er's heads and upper bodies in frontal crashes .
The airbags inflate only in frontal impacts
when the vehicle dece le rat ion is high enough .
The front Advanced Airbag System for the
front seat occupants is not a substitute for
your safety bel ts . Rather , it is part of the over
a ll occupant restraint system i n your veh icle .
A lways remember tha t the airbag system ca n
on ly help to pro te ct yo u, if you are s itting up
right , wearing yo ur safe ty belt and wearing it
properly. This is w hy you and yo ur passenge rs
m ust always be proper ly restrained, not just
because the law requires you to be.
The Advanced Airbag System i n your veh icle
has been certified to meet the " low ris k" re
qu irements for 3 and 6 year-o ld children on
the passenger side and very small adu lts on
the dr iver side. The low risk deployment crite- r
ia are intended to help reduce the r is k of i n
jury through interaction with the front airbag that can occur, for example, by being too
close to the steering wheel and instrument
panel when the airbag inflates.
In addition, the system has been certified to
comply with the "s uppression" requirements
of the Safety Standard, to turn off the front
airbag for infants 12 months o ld and younger
who are restrained on t he front passenge r
seat in child restraints that are listed in the
Standa rd ¢
page 171, Child restraints and
Advanced Airbags .
"Suppression" requires the front a irbag on the
passenger s ide to be turned off if :
- a child up to about one year of age is re strained on the front passenger seat in one
of the rear -fac ing or fo rward-facing infant
restrai nts listed i n Federal Motor Vehicle
Safety Standard 208 with which the Ad
vanced Airbag System in your vehi cle was
cert ified . F or a listing of the ch ild res traints
t ha t were used to certify your vehi cle's com
pliance w it h t he US Sa fety Standard
¢ page 171,
-weight less than a thresho ld level stored in
the control unit is detected on the front pas
senger seat .
When a person is detected on the front p as
senger seat, weighing more than the tota l
weight of a chi ld that is about 1 year old re
strained in one of the rear -facing or forward
facing infant restraints ( listed in Federal Mo
tor Vehicle Safety Standard 208 w it h which
the Advanced Airbag System in your vehicle
was certified), the front airbag on the passen
ger side may or may not deploy .
The
PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF light comes on
whe n the electronic contro l unit detects a to
ta l we ight on the fron t passe nger seat that re
quires the front airbag to be t urned off . If the
PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF light does not
come on, the fron t air bag on the passenger
s ide has not been turned off by the cont ro l
u nit and can dep loy if the control unit senses ..,_
an impact that meets the conditions stored in its memory.
If the total weight on the front passenger
seat is more than that of a typical 1 year -old,
but less than the weight o f a small adu lt, the
fro nt airbag on the passenger side may deploy
(the
PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF light does not
come on).
For e xample, the ai rb ag may deplo y if:
- a small child that is heavier than a typical 1
year-o ld child is on the front passenger seat
(regardless of whe ther the child is in one of
the chi ld seats listed
page 171),
-a ch ild who has outgrown child rest raints is
on the front passenger seat.
I f the front passenger airbag is turned off, the
PA SSENGER AIR BAG OFF light in the center
of the inst rument panel w ill come on and stay
on.
The front a irbag on the passenger side may
not deploy (the PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF
light does not illuminate and stay lit) if:
- a small adult or teenager is on the front pas
senger seat
- a passenger who is not sitt ing upr ight w ith
the ir back against a non-reclined backrest
with their feet on the veh icle floo r in front
of the sea t is on the front passenge r seat.
If the front passenger airbag deploys, the
Federal Standa rd requires the a irbag to meet
the " low risk" deployment criteria to help re
duce the risk of inj ury through in terac tion
with the airbag . "Low risk" deployment occurs
in those crashes that take place at lower de
celerations as defined in the electronic control unit
~ page 156.
Always remember : Even though you r vehicle
is equipped with Advanced Airbags, the safes t
p lace for children is properly restrained on the
back seat . Please be sure to read the impor
tant information in the sect ions that follow
and be sure to heed all of the WARNINGS.
A irbag system 15 1
A WARNING
To reduce the risk of injury when an a irbag
inflates, always wear safety be lts p roperly.
- If you are unrestra ined, leaning forward,
sitt ing s ideways or out of pos ition in any
way, your risk of injury is much higher.
- You will a lso receive serious injuries and
could even be killed if you are up aga inst
the airbag or too close to it when it in
flates -even w ith an Advanced A irbag
r::> page 145.
A WARNING
A child in a rearward-fa cing ch ild seat in
stalled on the front passenger seat will be
seriously inj ured and can be killed i f the
front airbag inflates -even w ith an Ad
vanced Airbag System.
- Altho ugh the Advanced Airbag System in
your vehicle is designed to turn off the
front airbag when a rearward-facing
child restraint has been installed on the
front passenger seat, nobody can abso
lutely guarantee that dep loyment is im
possible in all conceivable s ituations that
may happen dur ing the usefu l life of your
veh icle.
- The inflating airbag will h it the ch ild seat
or infant car rier wit h great for ce and will
smash the child seat and child against
the b ackres t, center armrest, doo r, or
roof.
- Always install rearward-facing chi ld re
s traints on the rear seat.
- If you mus t install a rearwa rd fac ing
child sea t on the front p assenger seat
because o f excep tional circumstances
an d the
PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF light
does not come on and stay on, immed i
ately insta ll the rear-facing child seat in a
rea r seat ing pos ition and have the airbag
system inspected by your Audi dealer.
A WARNING
If, in except iona l circumstances, you must
install a forward-facing child restraint on
the front passenge r's seat: •
•
-
152 Airbag sys te m
- Always make su re the forward-facing
seat has been des igned and certified by
its manufacturer for use on a front seat
with a passenger front a nd side airbag .
- Never put the forward- facing child re
straint up against or very near the instru ment panel.
- Always move the passenger seat into its
rearmost position in the seat's fore and
aft adjustment range, as far away from
the a irbag as poss ible, before insta lli ng
the fo rward-facing chi ld restraint. The
b ackres t must be adjusted to an upr igh t
posit ion.
- Make su re that the
PASSENGER AIR BAG
OFF
light co m es on and s tays on all the
t ime whenever the ignition is switched
on.
Advanced Airbag System components
The front passenger seat in your vehicle has a lot of very important parts of the Advanced
Airbag System in it. These parts include the
weight-sens ing mat, sensors, wiring, brack
ets , and more . The function of the system in
the front passenger seat is checked by the
e lectronic control u nit when the ignit ion is on .
The control unit mo nitors the Advanced Air
bag Sys tem and turns the airbag indicator
light on when a ma lfunction in the system
components is detected . The function of the
ai rbag ind icator light is described in greater
detai l below. Because the front passenger
seat contains important parts of the Ad
vanced A irbag System, you must take care to
prevent it from be ing damaged . Damage to
the seat may prevent the Advanced A irbag for
the front passenger seat from doing its job in
a cra sh .
The front Advanced Airbag System
consists of the following:
- Crash senso rs in the front of the veh icle that
measu re ve hicle ac celera tion/de ce le ra ti on
to provide information to the Advanced Air bag System abo ut the severity of the crash . -
An elect ronic contro l unit, with integrated
crash sensors for front and side impacts .
The control un it "decides" whether to fi re
the front a irbags based on the informat ion
received from the crash sensors. The contro l
unit also "decides" whether the safety belt prete nsioners shou ld be act ivated .
- An Advanced A irbag w ith gas generator and
contro l valve for the driver ins ide the steer
ing wheel hub .
- An Advanced A irbag w ith gas generator and
contro l valve inside the instrument panel for
th e front passenger .
- A we ight-sensing mat under the upho lstery
padding of the fro nt passenge r seat cushion
that measures the total weight o n the seat.
The info rma tion reg iste red is sent continu
ously to the elec troni c con trol un it to regu
la te deployment o f the front Advanced Air
bag on the passenger side .
- An airbag monitor ing sys tem and indic ator
light in t he instr ument cluster ¢
page 15 6.
- A sensor in each front se at regis ters the dis
t ance between the respec tive seat and the
steering whee l o r instrument panel. The in
formation registered is sent continuo usly to
the electron ic contro l unit to regulate de
ployment of the front Adv a need A irbags .
- The
PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF light comes
on and stays on in the center of the instr u
ment panel¢
page 156, fig. 151 and tells
you whe n the front Advanced Airbag on the
passenger side has been turned off .
- A sensor below the safety be lt latch for the
front seat passe nger to measure the tension
on the safety be lt . The tension o n the safety
be lt and the we ight registered by t he
weigh t-sens ing ma t he lp the cont rol unit
" de cide " whe ther the fro nt airbag fo r the
front passenge r seat should be turned off or
not ~
page 147, Child restraints on the
front seat -some important things to
know.
- A sensor in the safety belt latch fo r the d riv
er and for the front seat passenger that
senses whether that safety belt is latched or not and transmits this information to the
electronic control un it .