2009 PORSCHE 911 engine oil

To understand the evolution of
the 911 Turbo, you have to go
back to 1974. To France, and the
Paris Motor Show. To the first
turbocharged 911. The wrong car
at the wrong time. At least that ’s
what some journalists, doubters
and waverers thought.
Were those moments when you exercised moderation
always the crucial ones?
The efficiency of the 911 Turbo model concept.
Their reservations were entirely
understandable. Af ter all, times
were hard and oil was in short
supply. Then Porsche launched
a car that anticipated the concept
of the super sportscar, with its
power output of 260 hp, maximum
torque of 343 Nm and 5.5-second
sprint from 0 to 100 km/ h
(62 mph).
What on earth was going on
at
Zuf fenhausen? Was it a lack
of understanding of the needs
of the market? A blinkered
desire for power? Perhaps even
over- confidence and a lack of
awareness?
Certainly the desire for power
could not be denied. But it had a
goal. And the way to that goal
followed a unique path. A glance
at the data sheet was enough.
Alongside the fabled engine out -
put, torque, acceleration and top speed figures were other, no less
impressive figures.
A 3-litre displacement and six
cylinders in a boxer configuration
were all that the first 911 Turbo
needed to turn the sportscar
world (where the mot to was ‘size
equals power’) upside down.
In other words, the car on show
on the stand in Paris wasn’t just
a car bursting with power. Here
was an idea, an opportunit y. To get more from less. To opti
-
mise the ratio of work input to
work output. In short, efficiency
demands performance. That was
the principle. And it still stands to
this day.
According to the definition,
efficiency is the ratio of work
input to work output. If some -
thing is highly efficient, it
keeps work input low, whilst
maximising work output.
A principle that unreservedly
applies to any 911 Turbo. But
not necessarily to the work
that went into developing it.
The 911 Turbo concept | Ef ficiency
· 8 ·· 9 ·

The car was made technically
possible by an invention from 1905.
The Swiss engineer, Dr. Büchi,
utilised the energy of the flow of
exhaust gases to increase the
ef ficiency of combustion engines.
You don’t need to be an engineer
to understand the practical benefits
of this. Turbocharging means
a tremendous gain in power for
comparatively small engine
displacements. The advantage of
small-
displacement engines is
particularly
felt in the lower and
middle load ranges – in other
words, during everyday driving on
the road. In these conditions, fuel
consumption and CO
2 emissions
figures are significantly lower than
those for larger engines.
Another advantage is the compact
engine size which reduces weight.
The engine takes up less space
and keeps the overall vehicle
weight down. In short, agilit y

and dynamic performance are
increased and fuel consumption
is decreased.
Of course, in 1974, the technology
was still in its infancy. The idea
needed to mature, but the fact
remained that it worked. What
started out as a scheduled produc -
tion run of 400 vehicles has b e -
come a lifetime’s work.
Over the years, alongside con tinual
increases in power output, the
911 Turbo has seen the introduc -
tion of a wide variet y of technolo -
gies to improve handling and
dynamic performance as well as
fuel consumption and efficiency.

Examples from 1977 include
above all the intercooler,
which improved turbocharger
efficiency, and the cross-drilled
brake discs, which increased

braking per formance and reduced
unsprung masses. In 1990, the
911 Turbo based on the Type 964
was the first to be equipped with
a regulated cataly tic converter as
st a n d a rd .
The t win -turbo engine introduced
in 1995 performed excellently,
delivering a significantly more
harmonious build-up of power
and making the 911 Turbo a

much more composed and there-
by more fuel-efficient vehicle.
All-wheel drive was introduced

for the first time, increasing both
traction and safet y.
A major step towards greater
ef ficiency was achieved in 2000
with the launch of the 911 Turbo
based on the Type 996. This saw
the use of technologies that
are also to be found on the latest
911 Turbo generation. VarioCam
Plus reduced fuel consumption
drastically, whilst the extending
rear wing, through its abilit y to
change position, complemented
the already exemplary aero -
dynamic performance.
In 2006, the launch of the

911 Turbo based on the Type 997
revealed a revolution in turbo -
charging, with the advent of
Variable Turbine Geometry (V TG).
More power. More torque. Less
fuel. Less CO
2. Porsche was
the first car manufacturer that
was able to use this technology
in standard-production petrol
engines. And so far is the only
one to do so.
And today? The principle behind
the 911 Turbo is still one of power
and ef ficiency and consequently
is just as valid as ever.
Direct fuel injection (DFI) improves
power output, torque and engine
response whilst also reducing fuel
consumption and CO2 em issio ns.
The Porsche Doppelkupplung
(PDK), or double-clutch gearbox,
shortens gearshift times, elimi -
nates any interruption in the flow
of power and increases ef ficiency
thanks to the long-ratioed 7th
gear. Also doing their bit are the
expansion intake manifold and
on - demand oil pump.
Let ’s get down to the details.
The 911 Turbo concept | Ef ficiency
· 10 ·· 11 ·

Direct fuel injection (DFI).
On the 911 Turbo models, DFI
injects the fuel with millisecond
precision directly into the com-
bustion chamber at up to 140 bar
via electromagnetically actuated
injection valves, thus ensuring homogeneous distribution of the
air/fuel mixture and consequently
ef ficient combustion.
In the direct injection system, the
EMS SDI 3.1 engine management
system adjusts the injection

timing individually for each
cylinder and the injection quantit y
for each cylinder bank. This

optimises both the combustion
curve and fuel consumption.
Dual injection is implemented
at engine speeds of up to
3,200 rpm and triple injection up to 2,700 rpm to ensure faster
catalyst warm up after a cold
start and more torque in the
upper load range. The required
quantit y of fuel is distributed to
t wo or three successive injection
processes per cycle. DFI improves the internal cooling
of the combustion chamber by
forming the mixture directly in the
cylinder. This has made it possible
to increase compression (9.8
: 1),
resulting in more engine power
and even greater efficiency.
Integrated dry-sump lubrication.
Integrated dr y-sump lubrication
ensures a reliable supply of oil
even when a sport y driving st yle
is adopted. It also has additional
cooling functions.
The oil tank is located in the
engine, thereby eliminating the
need for an external oil tank.
A total of seven oil pumps ensure
the supply of oil. Six of those
return the oil from the cylinder
heads and exhaust gas turbo -
chargers directly to the oil sump
where a seventh oil pump feeds
oil directly to the lubrication
points in the engine.
To reduce drive losses and
increase ef ficiency, an electronic
on - demand oil pump is used.
This means that the oil pump is
operated at high power when
there is high demand and at low
power when there is low demand.
The result is an optimised oil
supply appropriate to require -
ments, lower fuel consumption
and fewer emissions.

Performance | Engine
· 32 ·· 33 ·

1
18
3
21
10
14
9
4
15
17
22
19
20
7
16
11
2
5
6
8
13
12 1. Crankshaft
2. Forged connecting rods
3. Forged aluminium pistons
4. Cylinder track
5. Camshaf t drive chain
6. Cam adjuster
7. Intake camshaf t
8. Switch tappets
9. Valves with valve springs
10. High pressure fuel rail
11. High pressure injectors
12. Individual ignition coils
13. Spark plugs
14. Air filter housing
15. Exhaust turbocharger with
variable turbine geometr y
16. Intercoolers
17. Pressure pipe
18. Throt tle valve
19. Expansion intake manifold
20. Cataly tic converters
21. Exhaust system
22. Oil filter
Lightweight design.
An alloy engine means less weight
and consequently reduced fuel
consumption. The intelligent
engine design also saves weight.
The alloy crankcase is divided
vertically, with the cylinders
integrated into the crankcase.
Forged connecting rods are used.
For optimum durabilit y, we’ve
used forged aluminium pistons
running in cylinders made from
an aluminium/silicon alloy and
cooled via individual oil-spray jets.
Integrating the camshaf t bearing
system fully into the cylinder
heads has also saved weight. The
subsequent low levels of engine
friction and the ef ficient design of the oil supply system have helped
to reduce fuel consumption even
further.

Performance
| Engine
Engine with air filter housing with a carbon -weave finish in the new 911 Turbo S models
911 Turbo engine
· 34 ·· 35 ·

VarioCam Plus.
VarioCam Plus is a variable valve
timing system on the inlet side
which also features t wo -stage
valve lift. For excellent smooth-
running performance, bet ter fuel
economy and fewer emissions.
And greater power and torque.
The timing of each valve is step-
lessly and electro -hydraulically
controlled by means of a rotary
vane adjuster.
For optimum responsiveness
during the warm-up phase,
VarioCam Plus will select the
higher valve lif t set ting and retard
valve timing. At medium revs
and low engine loads, the lower
valve lif t set ting is selected
and timing advanced in order to
reduce fuel consumption and
emissions. For maximum power
and torque, the higher lif t set ting
is selected and the timing of the
valves is advanced.
Engine management.
The EMS SDI 3.1 engine manage -
ment system ensures optimum
performance at all times.
It is responsible for all engine-
related functions and assemblies,
resulting in improved fuel
economy, emission levels and
performance, regardless of
driving st yle.
Another important task performed
by the engine management
system is cylinder-specific knock
control. Since conditions tend
to vary across the engine, each
cylinder is monitored separately.
If a risk is detected, the individual
ignition timing is adjusted to
protect the cylinders and pistons
at high engine speeds and loads.
The EU-compliant on-board
diagnostics system provides

continuous fault detection as well as early warning for the exhaust
and fuel supply systems. This
actively reduces harmful emissions
while maintaining consistent rates
of fuel consumption.
Ignition system.
The ignition system is a static
high-voltage system. Each indi -
vidual spark plug has a separate
ignition coil, ensuring perfect
combustion every time.
Performance | Engine
VarioCam Plus
· 38 ·· 39 ·

Index
Option Page
A
Air conditioning 81
A irbags 71
All-wheel drive 48
Aluminium Look 101
Anti-theft protection 84
Audio interface 88
Audio system 86
A xle concept 52
B
Bodyshell structure 70
BOSE
® Surround Sound
System 88
Brakes 66
C
Cabriolet 22
Carbon 101
CD/ DVD autochanger 86
Ceramic brake 68
Chassis 52
Child seats 83
Colours, exterior 92
Colours, hood 93
Cruise control 85
D
Design 16
Direct fuel injection (DFI) 32
Dry-sump lubrication 33
Dynamic cornering lights 65
Dynamic engine mount
system 60
E
Electronic engine
management 38
Engine 30
Engine management 38
Environment 74
Exhaust emission control 75
Exhaust gas turbocharging 36
Exhaust system 41
Expansion intake manifold 40
Exterior 16
Exterior mirrors 84
F
Factory collection 97
Fuel system 76
G
Glass rear screen 24
GPS navigation system 86
H
Hardtop 25, 99
Headlight cleaning system 64
Headlights 64
HomeLink
®
(garage door opener) 84
Hood 24
I
I numbers 98
Ignition 39
Instruments 81
Interior 80
L
Launch Control 59
Lighting 65
Lighting system 64
Light weight design 34
Luggage compartment 84
M
Manual gearbox 46
Model range 18
MP3 88
Multifunction steering wheel 44
N
Navigation 86
O
Oil supply 33
On-board computer 81
P
Pa rk A ssist 85
Personalisation 90
Porsche Active Suspension
Management (PASM) 53
Porsche Ceramic Composite
Brake (PCCB) 68
Porsche Communication
Management (PCM) 86
Porsche Doppelkupplung
(PDK) 42Porsche Side Impact

Protection System (POSIP) 72
Porsche Stabilit y
Management (PSM) 56
Porsche Torque Vectoring
(PT V) 50
Porsche Traction
Management (PTM) 48
Power and performance 110, 112
Power steering 54
R
Radio 86
Recycling 76
Roll-over protection 72
Roof transport system 84
S
Safet y 64
Seats 82
S e rv ic i n g 41
SPORT but ton 58
Sport Chrono Package Turbo 58
Steering 54
Steering wheels 44
T
Technical data 110
Touchscreen 86
Transmission 42
T V tuner 87
Tyre Pressure
Monitoring (TPM) 55
U
Universal audio interface 88
V
Variable Turbine Geometry
(V TG) 36
VarioCam Plus 38
Vehicle tracking system 84
Voice control system 87
W
Wheels 54
Wind deflector 25
Wood, macassar 101
Index
· 114 ·· 115 ·