2009 PORSCHE 911 clutch

The car was made technically
possible by an invention from 1905.
The Swiss engineer, Dr. Büchi,
utilised the energy of the flow of
exhaust gases to increase the
ef ficiency of combustion engines.
You don’t need to be an engineer
to understand the practical benefits
of this. Turbocharging means
a tremendous gain in power for
comparatively small engine
displacements. The advantage of
small-
displacement engines is
particularly
felt in the lower and
middle load ranges – in other
words, during everyday driving on
the road. In these conditions, fuel
consumption and CO
2 emissions
figures are significantly lower than
those for larger engines.
Another advantage is the compact
engine size which reduces weight.
The engine takes up less space
and keeps the overall vehicle
weight down. In short, agilit y

and dynamic performance are
increased and fuel consumption
is decreased.
Of course, in 1974, the technology
was still in its infancy. The idea
needed to mature, but the fact
remained that it worked. What
started out as a scheduled produc -
tion run of 400 vehicles has b e -
come a lifetime’s work.
Over the years, alongside con tinual
increases in power output, the
911 Turbo has seen the introduc -
tion of a wide variet y of technolo -
gies to improve handling and
dynamic performance as well as
fuel consumption and efficiency.

Examples from 1977 include
above all the intercooler,
which improved turbocharger
efficiency, and the cross-drilled
brake discs, which increased

braking per formance and reduced
unsprung masses. In 1990, the
911 Turbo based on the Type 964
was the first to be equipped with
a regulated cataly tic converter as
st a n d a rd .
The t win -turbo engine introduced
in 1995 performed excellently,
delivering a significantly more
harmonious build-up of power
and making the 911 Turbo a

much more composed and there-
by more fuel-efficient vehicle.
All-wheel drive was introduced

for the first time, increasing both
traction and safet y.
A major step towards greater
ef ficiency was achieved in 2000
with the launch of the 911 Turbo
based on the Type 996. This saw
the use of technologies that
are also to be found on the latest
911 Turbo generation. VarioCam
Plus reduced fuel consumption
drastically, whilst the extending
rear wing, through its abilit y to
change position, complemented
the already exemplary aero -
dynamic performance.
In 2006, the launch of the

911 Turbo based on the Type 997
revealed a revolution in turbo -
charging, with the advent of
Variable Turbine Geometry (V TG).
More power. More torque. Less
fuel. Less CO
2. Porsche was
the first car manufacturer that
was able to use this technology
in standard-production petrol
engines. And so far is the only
one to do so.
And today? The principle behind
the 911 Turbo is still one of power
and ef ficiency and consequently
is just as valid as ever.
Direct fuel injection (DFI) improves
power output, torque and engine
response whilst also reducing fuel
consumption and CO2 em issio ns.
The Porsche Doppelkupplung
(PDK), or double-clutch gearbox,
shortens gearshift times, elimi -
nates any interruption in the flow
of power and increases ef ficiency
thanks to the long-ratioed 7th
gear. Also doing their bit are the
expansion intake manifold and
on - demand oil pump.
Let ’s get down to the details.
The 911 Turbo concept | Ef ficiency
· 10 ·· 11 ·

9 11 T u r b o
Let ’s start right at the beginning.
Or should we say, at the rear.
With the engine – the all-important
heart of any 911 Turbo model. The
performance credentials of the
compact, light weight power unit
need no questioning. All models
have an engine displacement of
3.8 litres. In the 911 Turbo models,
the engine generates 368 kW
(500 hp) and 650 Nm of torque.

In the new 911 Turbo S models,
these figures are an even more
impressive 390 kW (530 hp)
and 700 Nm, made possible by
a modified valve control system

and an adaptation of the engine
management.
Responsible for such high effi -
ciency are the t wo exhaust
gas turbochargers with Variable
Turbine Geometry (V TG) and

VarioCam Plus as well as technol -
ogies such as direct fuel injection
(DFI, page 32) and the expansion
intake manifold (page 40), which
has turned all previous principles
about air supply for turbocharged
engines completely on their heads. With DFI, mixture formation takes
place entirely in the combustion
chamber. The metered fuel is
injected directly with millisecond
precision. The result is optimum
mixture formation and combustion
and consequently more power,
more torque and increased effi -
ciency. Depending on the model,
fuel savings of up to 16 % and
reductions in CO
2 emissions of up
to 18 % can be achieved (by
comparison with the previous
911 Turbo generation).
Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK,
page 42), fit ted as standard to
911 Turbo S models and available
as an option for 911 Turbo models,
is based on a Porsche develop -
ment that caused a sensation on
the world’s racetracks back in
the 1980s when it was fit ted into
Porsche race cars.
PDK, with both manual shif t and
automatic mode, has t wo half-
gearboxes incorporated into one
housing and a total of seven
forward gears and t wo clutches. Gear- changing is completed in a
mat ter of milliseconds, with no
i
nterruption in the flow of power.
Compared with a conventional
manual gearbox, PDK significantly
improves acceleration whilst
reducing fuel consumption. In
comparison with the automatic
gearbox in the previous model,
PDK delivers even more driving
pleasure through increased
responsiveness and thus greater agilit y, but with no loss of comfort
and a significant reduction in

fuel consumption. In conjunction
with PDK, the three-spoke sports
steering wheel with gearshift
paddles comes as standard on
911 Turbo S models and is

available on request for 911 Turbo
models.
The further- enhanced active
all-wheel drive system, Porsche
Traction Management (PTM,
page 48), ensures outstanding
traction and vehicle dynamics.
Giving dynamic performance
a further boost is Porsche Torque
Vectoring (PT V, page 50).
Standard on 911 Turbo S models
and optional for 911 Turbo models,
it distributes variable amounts
of drive torque to each rear wheel.
The development of a
911 Turbo demands
meticulous work. Often,
that work goes unseen.
But you always feel it.
Dreamers. Idealists. Environmental activists.
We are naturally proud of our engineers.
The technology behind the 911 Turbo and the new 911 Turbo S models.
The 911 Turbo concept | Technology
· 12 ·· 13 ·

Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK).
Derived from motorsport, PDK,
which is standard for 911 Turbo S
models and optional for 911 Turbo
models, achieves one thing
above all else: it provides the
perfect balance bet ween uncom -
promisingly dynamic performance
and exceptional levels of comfort.
It ’s purely about point of view.
The driver’s especially.
PDK, with both a manual and an
automatic mode, enables
extremely fast gear changes with
no interruption in the power flow.
For improved acceleration and significantly lower fuel consump
-
tion – without having to dispense
with the advantages of an auto -
matic.
The driver experiences a sportier,
even more dynamic drive with
more agilit y. Depending on driving
st yle, gear changes range from
exceptionally comfortable to
exceptionally sport y.
Manual gear changes are per -
formed using PDK’s ergono-
mically
designed gear lever or
alternatively, on the 911 Turbo
models, using the switches on
the three-spoke sports steering
wheel: nudge forwards to change
up, pull back to change down.
Fit ted as standard on 911 Turbo S
models and available as an option
for 911 Turbo models is the three-
spoke sports steering wheel
with gearshif t paddles, which is
also capable of operating PDK.
With its motorsport-derived gear -
shif t logic, you pull the right-hand
paddle to shift up and pull the
left-hand paddle to shift down.
PDK has been specially tuned
to the characteristics of the
911
Turbo models and the new
911 Turbo S models. It has seven
gears at its disposal. Gears 1 to 6
have a sports ratio, with the top
speed being reached in 6th gear.
The 7th gear has a long ratio and
helps to reduce fuel consumption
even further.
PDK is essentially t wo half-
gearboxes in one and thus
requires t wo clutches –
designed as a double wet
clutch transmission.
The principle is simple: the
transmission ensures that
the extraordinary engine
power isn’t manifested as a
blaze of noise and smoke.
Unless that’s what you really
want.
Calm. Storm. Which way
round is up to you.
Transmission.
Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK) gear selector Power flow in 1st gear
Power flow in 2nd gear
Performance | Transmission
· 42 ·· 43 ·

This double clutch provides
an alternating, non positive
connection bet ween the t wo
half-gear
boxes and the engine
by means of t wo separate
input shafts
(input shaf t 1 is
nested inside the hollowed- out
input shaft 2).
The flow of power from the
engine is only ever transmit ted
through one half-gearbox and
one clutch at a time, while the
next gear is preselected in the
second half-gearbox. During a
gear change, therefore, a conven -
tional shift no longer takes place.
Instead, one clutch simply opens
and the other closes at the same
time. Gear changes can therefore
take place within milliseconds.
Clutch 1 controls the first half-
gearbox, which contains the odd
gears (1, 3, 5, 7) and reverse.
Clutch 2 controls the second,
which contains the even gears
(2, 4, 6).
The Sport Chrono Package Turbo
with dynamic engine mount system (standard on 911 Turbo S
models) provides PDK with t wo
additional functions, ‘Launch

Control’ and ‘motor sport- derived
gearshif t strategy’ (page 60).
PDK – sport y, comfortable and
ef ficient. Characteristics that have
been given some thought else -
where too: in the specification for
the 911 Turbo model range.
Three-spoke sports steering
wheel with gearshift switches.
If combined with the optional
PDK, the three-spoke sports
steering wheel (standard on
911 Turbo and 911 Turbo Cabriolet)
has t wo ergonomic switches.
One press with the thumb and
PDK shif ts up. One pull with the
index finger and PDK shifts down.
Either the right or lef t hand can
be used.
The steering wheel rim and airbag
module are covered in smooth
leather, whilst the spoke covers
are painted in Black.
When combined with the Sport
Chrono Package Turbo with
dynamic engine mount system,
there is an additional display
above the airbag module. It tells
you whether the SPORT, SPORT
PLUS and Launch Control func -
tions are activated.
On request, the three-spoke
sports steering wheel with gear -
shift switches for the 911 Turbo
and 911 Turbo S models is also
available as a multifunction steer -
ing wheel (in leather, Aluminium
Look, carbon or macassar).
Steering wheel heating is avail -
able as an option.
Three-spoke sports steering
wheel with gearshift paddles.
The three-spoke sports steering
wheel with gearshif t paddles
(standard on 911 Turbo S models,
optional for 911 Turbo models)
allows you to make motorsport-
st yle gear changes. The paddles
are made from a strong alloy and
are ergonomically located behind the right and lef t steering wheel
spokes. Pull the right-hand paddle
and PDK shifts up. Pull the

left-hand paddle and the PDK
shifts down.
Visually, the steering wheel is
distinguished by its distinctive
high-qualit y t win-spoke design
and silver-coloured galvanised
spoke cover. The airbag module
is finished in the same colour as
the steering wheel rim.
This steering wheel also has an
additional display when combined
with the Sport Chrono Package
Turbo with dynamic engine mount
system. Located in the lef t and
right-hand steering wheel spokes,
it tells you whether SPORT,
SPORT PLUS and Launch Control
are activated.
Another feature reminiscent of
the world of motorsport is the top
centre marking on the steering
wheel rim.
Three -spoke sports steering wheel with gearshif t switches
Three -spoke sports steering wheel with gearshif t paddles
Performance | Transmission
· 44 ·· 45 ·

perfect ratio spread enabling a
smooth transition through the
gears. The gear lever throw is
short and precise, with only
minimal effort required. Thanks
to a dual-mass fly wheel, this

performance is achieved without
any compromise in comfort.
The linkage provides a direct
connection with the gearbox
unit while insulating the lever
from engine vibration.
One final detail – the gear

lever design is exclusive to the
911 Turbo models.
Six-speed manual gearbox.
The six-speed manual gearbox,
available as standard exclusively
for the 911 Turbo models, is
specifically adapted to the unique
characteristics and extremely
high torque of the engine in these
vehicles. Designed primarily
for sports driving, it features a
Hill-start assist.
Hill-start assist comes as standard
for both manual and PDK trans -
missions. It assists the driver in
making a smooth and roll-free
start on an incline.
After braking, the system auto-
matically detects whether the
of manual models), the brake
pressure is reduced once suffi -
cient revs have been generated.
Gear lever
vehicle has come to a stop on a
hill. When the driver releases the
footbrake with the car still in gear,
the brake pressure is retained on
all four wheels for around t wo
more seconds. This temporarily
prevents the vehicle from rolling
backwards. When the driver
accelerates (or accelerates and
releases the clutch in the case
Performance | Transmission
· 46 ·· 47 ·

Porsche Traction Management
(P TM).
Genuine high per formance calls
for more than just a power ful
engine. It also requires an ef fec-
tive means of delivering that
power to the road. One solution
to this is all -wheel drive. An
even bet ter one is the further-
enhanced Porsche Traction
Management (PTM), consisting

of active all -wheel drive with
electronically controlled multi -
plate clutch and including an
automatic brake differential (ABD)
and anti -slip regulation (ASR).
PTM improves vehicle dynamics
even further whilst ensuring that
none of the customar y traction
and driving safet y is lost. The
result is an even more enjoyable
sport y ride combined with
exceptional stability.
Torque is distributed actively
– and exceptionally quickly –
via an electronically controlled
multi-plate clutch. The advantage is that, through
continuous monitoring of the

driving conditions, a more imme -
diate response to changing
scenarios can be achieved. The
status is monitored with the aid
of on-board sensors. These are
used to measure a range of

values, including the rotational
speed of all four wheels, the
lateral and longitudinal accelera -
tion of the car, and the current
steering angle. The sensor data
is analysed in ‘real time’, enabling
immediate adjustments in front-
end drive torque as and when
required. If, for example, the rear
wheels lose traction under
acceleration, a greater proportion
of drive torque is automatically
transmit ted to the front axle. At
the same time, ASR prevents the
rear wheels from spinning by
adapting the engine power. When
cornering, the system controls
drive to the front wheels in order
to maintain optimum lateral grip.
On variable-grip surfaces, traction
is enhanced using the automatic
brake dif ferential (ABD). If a wheel threatens to spin, PTM brakes it
via ABD and in doing so transfers
more drive torque to the other
wheel on the same axle.
Assisting PTM is Porsche Stabilit y
Management (PSM). Combined,
these systems provide excellent
torque distribution – and there
-
fore outstanding performance –
in all driving conditions.
The benefits of PTM are most
evident in wet and snow y
conditions. In these conditions,
the 911 Turbo models of fer
breathtaking acceleration. In short, PTM provides greater
active safet y and greater

performance, combined with
exemplary balance.
Performance | Transmission
Active all -wheel drive
· 48 ·· 49 ·

Sport Chrono Package Turbo
with dynamic engine mount
system.
The Sport Chrono Package Turbo
with dynamic engine mount
system is standard on 911 Turbo S
models and available as an
option for 911 Turbo models.

This integrated system provides
simultaneous enhancement for
engine, chassis and transmission.
Key features include a digital
and analogue stopwatch on the
dashboard, a performance dis -
play, a personal memor y function
in the Porsche Communication
Management (PCM), the SPORT
but ton and – in combination with
PDK – the SPORT PLUS but ton,
and an additional display on the
steering wheel which informs the
driver if the SPORT but tons and Launch Control have been acti
-
vated. The 911 Turbo models
additionally of fer the ‘overboost ’
function. This is how it works:
When ‘Sport ’ mode is selected,
the engine management system
creates a much more aggressive
response to pedal inputs. To do
this, it implements an alternative
throt tle map which relates the
pedal position in the foot well to
a wider angle of opening in the
throt tle body. In higher gears, it
uses a hard rev- limiter to protect
the engine under power.
In the 911 Turbo models, under
full acceleration, the maximum
boost pressure in the lower and
medium speed ranges is now
temporarily increased by approx -
imately 0.2 bar. As a result,
engine torque is boosted by 50 Nm to a maximum of 700 Nm for a
limited period. (The 911 Turbo S
models are configured to operate
with a higher boost pressure level,

which means that their maximum
torque is always 700 Nm.)
In addition to the engine, ‘Sport ’
mode is enabled in the standard
Porsche Active Suspension
Management (PASM) suspension.
The dampers become firmer,
enabling faster turn - in as well as
bet ter contact with the road.
In automatic mode of PDK,
the basic gearshif t pat tern is
switched to high-performance
mode. The gear change action is
virtually instantaneous, while the
shift points are timed for maxi -
mum acceleration. Lif t of f the
throt tle – even at high revs – and
the system automatically shif ts
down to apply engine braking. In
manual shif t mode, gear chang -
ing is faster and more dynamic.
Porsche Stabilit y Management
(PSM) is also adapted, with the
intervention threshold raised. As
a result, the car has a more natu -
ral response to lateral and longi -
tudinal forces. Cornering agilit y
is greatly enhanced, when both braking to turn in and applying
power on exit – particularly

in low-speed bends. For even
greater driving pleasure.
For maximum manoeuvrabilit y,
PSM can be partially disabled
while the car is still in ‘Sport ’
mode. PSM simply monitors the
forces acting on the car and
will only intervene in the most
critical scenarios, e.g. when ABS
assistance is required on both
front wheels.
In conjunction with PDK (standard
on 911 Turbo S models), the
Sport Chrono Package Turbo with
dynamic engine mount system
has t wo additional functions that can be activated via the SPORT
PLUS but ton, for a sport y drive
that borders on a motorsport
experience.
The first function is ‘Launch
Control’, which, for example
when per forming laps, helps you
achieve optimum acceleration
from a standing start, a racing
start in other words.
The function works like this:
press the SPORT PLUS but ton
when the transmission is in ‘D’
or ‘M’. Then, with your lef t foot,
press the brake pedal and accel -
erate fully with the right foot.
The car recognises ‘Launch’ mode
from the accelerator kickdown action and adjusts the engine
speed to the optimum level,
which is around 5,000 rpm. At
the same time, boost pressure
is increased to approximately

0.5 bar, engine torque is
increased and the clutch is
applied lightly. ‘Launch Control’
now appears in the steering
wheel display. Now release the
brake as quickly as you can –
and feel the acceleration power
unleashed to the road.
Steering wheel display with PDK and Sport Chrono Package Turbo
Performance | Chassis
· 58 ·· 59 ·

Technical data
911 Turbo / 911 Turbo Cabriolet
Engine
C y linders 6
Displacement 3,800 cm
3
Power (DIN)
at368 kW (500
hp)
6,000 – 6,500 rpm
Max. torque at 650 Nm at 1,950 – 5,000 rpm
with ‘overboost ’ 700 Nm at 2,100 – 4,000 rpm
Compression ratio 9 . 8 : 1
Transmission
Layout All-wheel drive with electronically controlled multi-plate clutch
6-speed manual gearbox Standard
7-speed PDK Optional
Chassis
Front axleMcPherson strut suspension
Rear axle LSA multi - link suspension
Steering Variable steering ratio, power-assisted (hydraulic)
Turning circle 10.9 m
Brakes 6 - piston monobloc aluminium fixed calipers at front, 4 - piston monobloc
aluminium fixed calipers at rear, discs internally vented and cross- drilled
Vehicle stabilit y system Porsche Stability Management (PSM)
Anti - lock braking system ABS 8.0
Wheels Front
Rear 8.5 J x 19 ET 56
11 J x 19 ET 51
Tyres Front
Rear 235/35 ZR 19
305/30 ZR 19
Technical data
911 Turbo 911 Turbo Cabriolet
Weights
Manual gearbox/PDK Manual gearbox / PDK
Unladen weight (DIN) 1,570 k g / 1,59 5 k g 1,6 4 5 k g / 1,670 k g
Unladen weight (EC)* 1,6 4 5 k g / 1,670 k g 1,72 0 k g / 1,74 5 k g
Permissible gross weight 1,93 5 k g / 1,9 6 0 k g 1,995 kg /2,020 kg
PerformanceManual gearbox/PDK Manual gearbox/PDK
Top speed km/ h (mph) 312 (19 4) / 312 (19 4)312 (194)/312 (194)
0 –100 km/ h (0 – 62 mph) 3.7 secs/3.6 secs (3.4 secs
**)3.8 secs/3.7 secs (3.5 secs**)
0 –160 km/ h (0 –99 mph) 7.8 secs/7.7 secs (7.4 secs
**)8.1 secs/8.0 secs (7.7 secs**)
0 –200 km/ h (0 –124 mph) 11.9 secs/11.6 secs (11.3 secs
**) 12.4 secs/12.1 secs (11.8 secs**)
Flexibilit y 80 –120 km/ h (50 –75 mph)
in 5th gear
Acceleration 80 –120 km/ h (50 –75 mph) 3.7
secs/–
–/2.1 secs 3.8
secs/–
–/2.2 secs
Fuel consumption/emissions***Manual gearbox/PDK Manual gearbox/PDK
Urban in l/100 km (mpg) 16.5 (17.1)/16.5 (17.1)16.7 (16.9)/16.7 (16.9)
Extra urban in l/100 km (mpg) 8.3 (34.0)/8 1 (34.9)8.4 (33.6)/8.2 (34.4)
Combined in l/100 km (mpg) 11. 6 ( 2 4 . 4 ) / 11. 4 ( 2 4 . 8 )11.7 (24.1)/11.5 (24.6)
CO
2 emissions g/km 272/268275/270
Dimensions/aerodynamics
Length 4,450 mm4,450 mm
Width (incl. exterior mirrors) 1,852 mm (1,952 mm)1,852 mm (1,952 mm)
Height 1,300 mm1,300 mm
Wheelbase 2,350 mm2,350 mm
Luggage compartment volume ( VDA) 10 5 l i t res10 5 l i t res
Tank capacity 67 litres67 litres
Drag coef ficient c
w = 0.31cw = 0.32
*** Data determined in the NEDC (New European Driving Cycle) in accordance with the Euro 5 (715/2007/ EC and 692/2008/ EC) measurement
method. The figures do not refer to an individual vehicle nor do they constitute part of the of fer. They are intended solely as a means of
comparing dif ferent t ypes of vehicle. You can obtain further information about individual vehicles from your Porsche Centre. Fuel consump -
tion calculated for vehicles with standard specification only. Optional equipment may af fect fuel consumption and per formance.
Some of the vehicles illustrated in this brochure are fit ted with optional equipment which is available at additional cost.

All information regarding supplied equipment, appearance, per formance, dimensions, weight, fuel consumption and
running costs is correct to the best of our knowledge at the time of going to press. Porsche reserves the right to alter
specifications and other product information without prior notice.* Weight is calculated in accordance with the relevant EC Directives and is valid for vehicles with standard specification only.
Optional equipment increases this figure. The figure given includes 68 kg for the driver and 7 kg for luggage.
** Figures for PDK include the optional Sport Chrono Package Turbo with SPORT PLUS but ton selected.
· 110 ·· 111 ·