2006 SUZUKI SWIFT ECM power & ground circuit check

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine 1-ii Table of Contents
DTC P0123: Throttle / Pedal Position Sensor / Switch “A” (Main) Circuit High ....................... 1A-85
DTC P0131 / P0132: O2 Sensor (HO2S) Circuit Low Voltage / High Voltage (Sensor-
1) ..................................................................... 1A-88
DTC P0133: O2 Sensor (HO2S) Circuit Slow
Response (Sensor- 1) ...................................... 1A-91
DTC P0134: O2 Sensor (HO2S) Circuit No Activity Detected (Sensor -1) ........................... 1A-92
DTC P0137 / P0138: O2 Sensor (HO2S) Circuit Low Voltage / High Voltage (Sensor-
2) ..................................................................... 1A-94
DTC P0140: O2 Sensor (HO2S) Circuit No Activity Detected (Sensor -2) ........................... 1A-97
DTC P0171 / P0172: Fuel System Too Lean / Rich ................................................................. 1A-98
DTC P0222: Throttle / Pedal Position Sensor / Switch “B” (Sub) Circuit Low ....................... 1A-100
DTC P0223: Throttle / Pedal Position Sensor / Switch “B” (Sub) Circuit High ...................... 1A-102
DTC P0300 / P0301 / P0302 / P0303 / P0304: Random / Multiple Cylin der Misfire Detected
/ Cylinder 1 / Cylinder 2 / Cylinder 3 /
Cylinder 4 Misfire Detected ........................... 1A-105
DTC P0327 / P0328: Knoc k Sensor 1 Circuit
Low / High ..................................................... 1A-107
DTC P0335: Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor “A” Circuit .......................................... 1A-109
DTC P0340: Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor “A” Circuit .......................................... 1A-111
DTC P0350: Ignition Coil Primary / Secondary Circuit ............................................................ 1A-114
DTC P0401 / P0402: Exhaust Gas Recirculation Flow Insufficient Detected /
Excessive Detected ...................................... 1A-116
DTC P0403: Exhaust Gas Recirculation Control Circuit ................... ............................ 1A-118
DTC P0420: Catalyst System Efficiency
below Threshold ................ ............................ 1A-120
DTC P0443: Evaporativ e Emission System
Purge Control Valve Circuit ........................... 1A-122
DTC P0480: Fan 1 (Radiator Cooling Fan) Control Circuit ................... ............................ 1A-124
DTC P0500: Vehicle Speed Sensor “A” Malfunction .................................................... 1A-128
DTC P0532: A/C Refrigerant Pressure Sensor “A” Circuit Low ... ............................... 1A-130
DTC P0533: A/C Refrigerant Pressure Sensor “A” Circuit High ................................. 1A-132
DTC P0601 / P0602 / P0607: Internal Control Module Memory Check Sum Error / Control
Module Programming Error / Control Module
Performance ................................................. 1A-134
DTC P0616: Starter Relay Circuit Low............ 1A-135
DTC P0617: Starter Relay Circuit High ........... 1A-136
DTC P0620: Generator Control Circuit ........... 1A-137
DTC P0625 / P0626: Generator Field Terminal Circuit Low / High . .......................... 1A-139
DTC P1501 / P1502: Electric Load Current Sensor Circuit Low / High . ............................ 1A-141 DTC P1510: ECM Back-Up Power Supply
Malfunction .................................................... 1A-143
DTC P1603: TCM Trouble Code Detected ..... 1A-144
DTC P1674: CAN Communication (Bus Off Error) ............................................................. 1A-145
DTC P1676: CAN Communication (Reception Error for TCM) ............................................... 1A-148
DTC P1678: CAN Communication (Reception Error for BCM) ............................................... 1A-149
DTC P1685: CAN Communication (Reception Error for ABS/ESP ® Control Module) ........... 1A-150
DTC P2101: Throttle Actuator Control Motor Circuit Range / Performance ......................... 1A-152
DTC P2102: Throttle Actuator Control Motor Circuit Low .................................................... 1A-154
DTC P2103: Throttle Actuator Control Motor Circuit High.................................................... 1A-155
DTC P2111 / P2112: Throttle Actuator Control System - Stuck Open / Closed ...................... 1A-156
DTC P2119: Throttle Actu ator Control Throttle
Body Range / Performance ........................... 1A-157
DTC P2122: Throttle / Pedal Position Sensor / Switch “D” (Main) Circuit Low Input............. 1A-159
DTC P2123: Throttle / Pedal Position Sensor / Switch “D” (Main) Circuit High Input ............ 1A-161
DTC P2127: Throttle Pedal Position Sensor / Switch “E” (Sub) Circuit Low Input ................ 1A-164
DTC P2128: Throttle / Pedal Position Sensor
/ Switc
h “E” (Sub) Circuit High Input ............. 1A-166
DTC P2135: Throttle / Pedal Position Sensor / Switch “A”/“B” (Main / Sub) Voltage
Correlation..................................................... 1A-168
DTC P2138: Throttle / Pedal Position Sensor / Switch “D”/“E” (Main / Sub) Voltage
Correlation..................................................... 1A-171
DTC P2227 / P2228 / P2229: Barometric Pressure Circuit Malfunction ......................... 1A-173
Inspection of ECM and Its Circuits .................. 1A-175
ECM Power and Ground Circuit Check........... 1A-194
Fuel Injector Circuit Check .............................. 1A-198
Fuel Pump and Its Circuit Check..................... 1A-200
Fuel Pressure Check....................................... 1A-203
A/C System Circuits Check ............................. 1A-205
Electric Load Signal Circuit Check .................. 1A-209
Radiator Cooling Fan Low Speed Control System Check ............................................... 1A-211
Radiator Cooling Fan High Speed Control System Check ............................................... 1A-213
Repair Instructions ......... .................................1A-216
Idle Speed and IAC Throttle Valve Opening Inspection ...................................................... 1A-216
Special Tools and Equipmen t .........................1A-217
Special Tool .................................................... 1A-217
Aux. Emission Control Devices ............. 1B-1
Diagnostic Information and Procedures ............1B-1
EGR System Inspection ...................................... 1B-1
Repair Instructions ............ ..................................1B-1
EVAP Canister Purge Inspec tion ........................ 1B-1

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine 1A-2 Engine General Information and Diagnosis:
• Be sure to read “Precautions for Electrical Circuit Service in Section 00” befo re inspection and observe
what is written there.
• ECM replacement: When substituting a known-good ECM, check for the
following conditions. Neglec ting this check may cause
damage to a known-good ECM.
– Resistance value of all relays, actuators is as specified respectively.
– MAP sensor, A/C refrigerant pressure sensor and TP sensor are in good condition and none of power
circuits of these sensors is shorted to ground.
• Communication of ECM, BCM, ABS/ESP ® control
module, combination meter, keyless start control
module, steering angle sensor (ESP ® model) and
TCM (A/T model), is esta blished by CAN (Controller
Area Network). (For more detail of CAN
communication for ECM, refer to “CAN
Communication System Description”). Therefore,
handle CAN communication line with care referring to
“Precaution for CAN Communication System in
Section 00”.
• Immobilizer transponder code registration after
replacing ECM
When ECM is replaced with new one or with another
one, make sure to register immobilizer transponder
code to ECM correctly according to “Procedure after
ECM Replacement in Section 10C”.Precautions of ECM Circuit InspectionS7RS0B1100003
• ECM connectors are waterproofed. Each terminal of the ECM connectors is sealed up with the grommet.
Therefore, when measuring ci rcuit voltage, resistance
and/or pulse signal at ECM connector, do not insert
the tester’s probe into th e sealed terminal at the
harness side. When measuring circuit voltage,
resistance and/or pulse signal at ECM connector,
connect the special tool to the ECM connectors. And,
insert the tester’s probe into the special tool’s
connectors at the harness side, and then measure
voltage, resistance and/or pulse signal. Or, ECM and
its circuits may be damaged by water.
• Wire colors of the special tool’s connectors are different from the ones of the ECM connectors.
However, the circuit arrangement of the special tool’s
connectors is same as the one of the ECM
connectors. Therefore, measure circuit voltage and
resistance by identifying the terminal location subject
to the measurement.
Precautions of Electric Throttle Body System
Calibration
S7RS0B1100004
After performing one of works described below, it is
necessary to re-register the completely closed throttle
valve reference position stored in memory of ECM. (For
detailed information, refer to “Description of Electric
Throttle Body System Calibration”.) For the procedure to
register such data in ECM, refer to “Electric Throttle
Body System Calibration in Section 1C”.
• To shut off backup power of ECM for such purposes of battery replacement or “DOME” fuse removal
• To erase DTCs P0122, P01 23, P0222, P0223, P2101,
P2102, P2103, P2111, P2112, P2113, P2119, P2123,
P2127, P2128, P2135 and/or P2138
• To replace ECM
• To replace throttle body and/or accelerator pedal position (APP) sensor assembly
General Description
Statement on Cleanliness and CareS7RS0B1101001
An automobile engine is a combination of many
machined, honed, polished and lapped surfaces with
tolerances that are measured in the thousands of an
millimeter (ten thous ands of an inch).
Accordingly, when any internal engine parts are
serviced, care and cleanliness are important.
It should be understood that proper cleaning and
protection of machined surfaces and friction areas is part
of the repair procedure. This is considered standard
shop practice even if not specifically stated.
• A liberal coating of engine oil should be applied to friction areas during assembly to protect and lubricate
the surfaces on initial operation. • Whenever valve train components, pistons, piston
rings, connecting rods, rod bearings, and crankshaft
journal bearings are removed for service, they should
be retained in order.
At the time of installation, they should be installed in
the same locations and with the same mating
surfaces as when removed.
• Battery cables should be disconnected before any major work is performed on the engine.
Failure to disconnect cables may result in damage to
wire harness or other electrical parts.

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine Engine General Information and Diagnosis: 1A-5
Freeze frame data clearance:
The freeze frame data is cleared at the same time as
clearance of DTC.
Non-Euro-OBD
ECM diagnosis troubles which may occur in the area
including the following parts w hen the ignition switch is
ON and the engine is running, and indicates the result by
turning on or flashing malfunction indicator lamp (1).
• Heated oxygen sensor
• ECT sensor
•TP sensor
• APP sensor
• MAF sensor
• IAT sensor
• MAP sensor
• CMP sensor
• CKP sensor
• Knock sensor
• Wheel speed sensor (VSS)
• CPU (Central Processing Unit) of ECM
• Oil control valve
• EGR valve
• EVAP canister purge valve
• Ignition coil
• Starter relay
• Radiator fan relay
• CAN communication
• Barometric pressure sensor
• ECM back up power supply
ECM and malfunction indicator lamp (1) operate as
follows.
• Malfunction indicator lamp (1) lights when the ignition switch is turned ON (but t he engine at stop) with the
diagnosis switch terminal ungrounded regardless of
the condition of Engine and Emission control system.
This is only to check the ma lfunction indicator lamp (1)
in the combination meter and its circuit.
• If the above areas of Engine and Emission control system is free from any trouble after the engine start
(while engine is running), malfunction indicator lamp
(1) turns OFF. • When ECM detects a trouble which has occurred in
the above areas, it makes malfunction indicator lamp
(1) turn ON while the engi ne is running to warn the
driver of such occurrence of trouble and at the same
time it stores the trouble area in ECM back-up
memory. (The memory is kept as it is even if the
trouble was only temporary and disappeared
immediately. And it is not erased unless the power to
ECM is shut off for specified time or it is cleared by
SUZUKI scan tool (2).)
For Hong Kong model, DTC can be read by not only
using SUZUKI scan tool but also displayed on
odometer (5) of the combination meter. (i.e. when
diagnosis switch terminal (3) is grounded with a
service wire (4) and ignition switch is turned ON.) For
further detail of the checking procedure, refer to “DTC
Check”.
6. Diagnosis connector
2
1
6 3
5
4
I5RS0C110021-01

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine Engine General Information and Diagnosis: 1A-25
Step 2: DTC / Freeze Frame Data Check, Record and
Clearance
First, check DTC (including pending DTC), referring to
“DTC Check”. If DTC is indicated, print it and freeze
frame data or write them down and then clear them by
referring to “DTC Clearance”. DTC indicates malfunction
that occurred in the system but does not indicate
whether it exists now or it occurred in the past and the
normal condition has been restored now. To check which
case applies, check the sy mptom in question according
to Step 5 and recheck DTC according to Step 6 and 7.
Attempt to diagnose a trouble based on DTC in this step
only or failure to clear the DTC in this step will lead to
incorrect diagnosis, trouble diagnosis of a normal circuit
or difficulty in troubleshooting.
Step 3 and 4: Visual Inspection
As a preliminary step, be sure to perform visual check of
the items that support proper function of the engine
referring to “Visual Inspection”.
Step 5: Trouble Symptom Confirmation
Based on information obtained in “Step 1: Customer
Complaint Analysis: ” and “Step 2: DTC / Freeze Frame
Data Check, Record and Clearance: ”, confirm trouble
symptoms. Also, reconfirm DTC according to “DTC
Confirmation Procedure” described in each DTC diag.
flow.
Step 6 and 7: Rechecking and Record of DTC /
Freeze Frame Data
Refer to “DTC Check” for checking procedure.
Step 8: Engine Basic Inspection and Engine
Symptom Diagnosis
Perform basic engine check according to “Engine Basic
Inspection” first. When the end of the flow has been
reached, check the parts of the system suspected as a
possible cause referring to “Engine Symptom Diagnosis”
and based on symptoms appearing on the vehicle
(symptoms obtained through steps of customer
complaint analysis, trouble symptom confirmation and/or
basic engine check) and repair or replace faulty parts, if
any.
Step 9: Troubleshooting for DTC (See each DTC
Diag. Flow)
Based on the DTC indicated in Step 6 or 7 and referring
to the applicable DTC diag. flow, locate the cause of the
trouble, namely in a sensor, switch, wire harness,
connector, actuator, ECM or other part and repair or
replace faulty parts. Step 10: Intermittent Problems Check
Check parts where an intermit
tent trouble is easy to
occur (e.g., wire harness, connector, etc.), referring to
“Intermittent and Poor Connec tion Inspection in Section
00” and related circuit of DTC recorded in Step 2.
Step 11: Final Confirmation Test
Confirm that the problem symptom has gone and the
engine is free from any abnormal conditions. If what has
been repaired is re lated to the DTC, clear the DTC once,
perform DTC confirmation procedure and confirm that no
DTC is indicated.
Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) CheckS7RS0B1104002
1) Turn ON ignition switch (with engine at stop) and check that MIL (1) lights.
If MIL does not light up (or MIL dims) but engine can
be starting, go to “MIL Does Not Come ON with
Ignition Switch ON and Engine Stop (but Engine Can
Be Started)” for troubleshooting.
If MIL does not light with ignition switch ON and
engine does not start though it is cranked up, go to
“ECM Power and Ground Circuit Check”.
2) Start engine and check that MIL turns OFF. If MIL remains ON and no DTC is stored in ECM, go
to “Malfunction Indicator Lamp Remains ON after
Engine Starts” for troubleshooting.
1
I4RS0A110012-01

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine 1A-26 Engine General Information and Diagnosis:
DTC CheckS7RS0B1104003
NOTE
• There are two types of OBD system depending on the vehicle specification.
For details, refer to “Precaution on On-
Board Diagnostic (OBD) System”.
• The MIL is turned on when the ECM and/or TCM detect malfunction(s). Each ECM and
TCM stores diagnostic information as the
diagnostic trouble code (DTC) in its
memory and outputs th e DTC to the scan
tool.
Therefore, check both of the ECM and TCM
for any DTC with the SUZUKI scan tool
because the DTC stored in ECM and TCM
is not read and displayed at a time.
However, each of the ECM and TCM needs
not to be checked with the generic scan
tool because the DTC stored in ECM and
TCM is read and displayed at a time.

Using Scan Tool
1) Prepare OBD generic scan tool or SUZUKI scan tool.
2) With ignition switch turned OFF, connect it to DLC (1) located on underside of instrument panel at
driver’s seat side.
Special tool
(A): SUZUKI scan tool
3) Turn ignition switch ON and confirm that MIL lights.
4) Read DTC, pending DTC and freeze frame data according to instructions displayed on scan tool and
print them or write them down. Refer to scan tool
operator’s manual for further details.
If communication between scan tool and ECM is not
possible, check if scan tool is communicable by
connecting it to ECM in another vehicle. If
communication is possible in this case, scan tool is
in good condition. Then check data link connector
and serial data line (circuit) in the vehicle with which
communication was not possible. If connector and
circuit are OK, check that power supply and ground
circuits of ECM and DLC are in good condition
referring to “ECM Power and Ground Circuit Check”. 5) After completing the check,
turn ignition switch OFF
and disconnect scan tool from data link connector.
Without Using Scan Tool (Hong Kong Model) 1) Turn ignition switch to OFF position.
2) Using service wire, ground diagnosis switch terminal (1) of diagnosis connector (2).
3) Turn ON ignition switch and check DTC displayed on
odometer (3) of combination meter.
When more than 2 DTCs are stored in memory,
blinking for each DTC star ts with the smallest DTC
number in increasing order. Also, DTC is indicated
repeatedly until the ignition switch is turned OFF or
disconnect service wire.
NOTE
When no DTC is detected, display on
odometer of combinatio n meter is “0000”.

4) After completing the check, turn ignition switch to
OFF position and disconnect service wire from
diagnosis connector.
(A)
1
I4RS0B110026-01
21
3
I5RS0C110009-01

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine 1A-48 Engine General Information and Diagnosis:
Troubleshooting
NOTE
When measuring circuit voltage, resistance and/or pulse signal at ECM connector, connect the special
tool to ECM and/or the ECM connectors referri ng to “Inspection of ECM and Its Circuits”.

Malfunction Indicator Lamp Remains ON after Engine StartsS7RS0B1104012
Wiring Diagram and Circuit Description
Refer to “MIL Does Not Come ON wit h Ignition Switch ON and Engine Stop (but Engine Can Be Started)”.
Step
Action YesNo
1 MIL power supply check
1) Turn ignition switch to ON position.
Do other warning lights come ON? Go to Step 2.
Go to Step 3.
2 DTC check
1) Connect scan tool to DLC with ignition switch turned
OFF.
2) Turn ON ignition switch and check DTC.
Is there DTC(s) P1674, P1676, P1678 and/or P1685? Go to applicable DTC
diag. flow.
Substitute a known-
good combination meter
and recheck. If MIL still
remains OFF, substitute
a known-good ECM and
recheck.
3 CAN communication line circuit check
1) Check CAN communication circuit between combination
meter and ECM, TCM (A/T model) referring to Step 3 of
“DTC P1674: CAN Communication (Bus Off Error)”
Is circuit in good condition? Go to Step 4.
Repair or replace.
4 “METER” fuse check
1) Turn ignition switch to OFF position.
2) Check for fuse blown at “M ETER” fuse in junction block
assembly.
Is “METER” fuse in good condition? Go to Step 5.
Replace “METER” fuse
and check for short.
5 Combination meter power supply check
1) Remove combination meter referring to “Combination
Meter Removal and Installation in Section 9C”.
2) Check for proper connection to combination meter connector at “G28-31” and “G28-16” terminals.
3) If OK, then turn ignition switch to ON position and measure voltage between combination meter connector
at “G28-31” terminal and vehicle body ground.
Is it 10 – 14 V? Go to Step 6.
“RED/BLK” wire is open
circuit.
6 Combination meter circuit check
1) Turn ignition switch to OFF position.
2) Measure resistance between “G28-16” terminal of
combination meter connector and vehicle body ground.
Is resistance 1
Ω or less? Substitute a known-
good combination meter
and recheck. If MIL still
remains OFF, substitute
a known-good ECM and
recheck.
“BLK/ORN” wire is open
or high resistance
circuit.

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine 1A-50 Engine General Information and Diagnosis:
Circuit Description
Actual valve timing fails to become close to target advance level of each function although advance control function or
retarded advance control function is at work.
DTC Detecting Condition and Trouble Area
DTC Confirmation Procedure 1) Clear DTC. Refer to “DTC Clearance”.
2) Start engine and keep it at idle for 10 seconds.
3) Check DTC. Refer to “DTC Check”.
DTC Troubleshooting
NOTE
• When measuring circuit voltage, resistance and/ or pulse signal at ECM connector, connect the
special tool to ECM and/or the ECM connectors re ferring to “Inspection of ECM and Its Circuits”.
• Upon completion of inspection and repair work, perform “DTC Confirmation Procedure” and confirm that the trouble has been corrected.

DTC detecting condition Trouble area
Monitor signal of oil control valve is different from
command signal. (Circuit open or short)
(1 driving cycle detection logic) • Oil control valve
• Oil control valve circuit
•ECM
Step
Action YesNo
1 Was “Engine and Emission Control System Check”
performed? Go to Step 2.
Go to “Engine and
Emission Control
System Check”.
2 Oil control valve electrical circuit check
1) Disconnect connectors from ECM with ignition switch
turned OFF.
2) Check for proper connection at “C37-60” and “C37-59” terminals of ECM connector.
3) If OK, measure resistance between “C37-60” and “C37- 59” terminals of ECM connector.
Is resistance below 10
Ω? Go to Step 3. Go to Step 8.
3 Oil control valve electrical circuit check
Was resistance more than 6.5
Ω in Step 2? Go to Step 4. Go to Step 7.
4 Oil control valve electrical circuit for power short check
1) Turn ON ignition switch.
2) Measure voltage between “C37-60” terminal of ECM
connector and engine ground.
Is voltage below 1 V? Go to Step 5. “RED”, “YEL/RED”,
“YEL” or “YEL/GRN”
wire is shorted to power
supply circuit.
5 Oil control valve electrical circuit for ground short
check
1) Disconnect connector from oil control valve with ignition
switch turned OFF.
2) Measure resistance between “C37-60” terminal of ECM connector and engine ground.
Is resistance infinity? Go to Step 6. “YEL/RED” wire is
shorted to ground
circuit.

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine Engine General Information and Diagnosis: 1A-55
StepAction YesNo
1 Was “Engine and Emission Control System Check”
performed? Go to Step 2.
Go to “Engine and
Emission Control
System Check”.
2 HO2S-1 heater power circuit check
1) Disconnect connector from HO 2S-1 with ignition switch
turned OFF.
2) Check for proper connection to HO2S-1 at “BLK/WHT” and “BLK/RED” wire terminals.
3) If wire and connection are OK, measure voltage between “BLK/WHT” wire terminal and engine ground
with ignition switch turned ON.
Is voltage over 10 V? Go to Step 3.
“BLK/WHT” wire is open
circuit or shorted to
ground circuit.
3 HO2S-1 heater power circuit check
1) Disconnect connectors from ECM with ignition switch
turned OFF.
2) Measure resistance between “BLK/WHT” wire terminal of HO2S-1 connector and “E 23-29” terminal of ECM
connector.
Is resistance below 5
Ω? Go to Step 4. “BLK/WHT” wire is high
resistance circuit.
4 HO2S-1 heater drive circuit check
1) Measure resistance between “C37-46” terminal of ECM
connector and vehicle body ground.
Is resistance infinity? Go to Step 5. “BLK/RED” wire is
shorted to ground
circuit.
5 HO2S-1 heater drive circuit check
1) Turn ON ignition switch.
2) Measure voltage between “C37-46” terminal of ECM
connector and vehicle body ground.
Is voltage 0 V? Go to Step 6. “BLK/RED” wire is
shorted to power circuit.
6 HO2S-1 heater drive circuit check
1) Connect connector to HO2S-1 with ignition switch turned
OFF.
2) Turn ON ignition switch.
3) Measure voltage between “C37-46” terminal of ECM connector and vehicle body ground with connector
disconnected from ECM.
Is voltage over 10 V? Go to Step 7. “BLK/RED” wire is open
circuit.
7 HO2S-1 heater check
1) Disconnect HO2S-1 connector with ignition switch
turned OFF.
2) Check HO2S-1 heater resistance referring to “HO2S-1 and HO2S-2 Heater On-Vehicle Inspection in Section
1C”.
Is resistance within specified value range? Go to Step 8. Replace HO2S-1.
8 HO2S-1 heater power circuit check
1) Connect connector to HO2S-1 with ignition switch turned
OFF.
2) Measure resistance between “E23-29” and “C37-46” terminals of ECM connector.
It resistance below 12
Ω? Substitute a known-
good ECM and recheck.
“BLK/WHT”, “BLK/RED”
and / or “BLK” wire is
high resistance circuit.