(b) Position the remaining hoist arms at each
corner of the vehicle in the normal fashion. (Refer
to LUBRICATION & MAINTENANCE/HOISTING
- STANDARD PROCEDURE)
(c) Raise the vehicle to a comfortable working
level.
(2) Position an under-hoist utility jack or transmis-
sion jack under rear axle toward the side needing
spring replacement. Jack pad should just contact
axle.
(3) Remove the shock absorber lower mounting
bolt (Fig. 32).
NOTE: If shock absorber bolt deflects upward dur-
ing removal, raise axle by adjusting support jack. If
shock absorber bolt deflects downward during
removal, lower axle by adjusting support jack (or by
pulling on axle).
(4) Using 2 jack stands positioned under the outer
ends of the axle, raise the axle enough to remove the
weight of the axle from the rear springs.
(5) Loosen and remove the spring plate bolts from
the rear axle (Fig. 33).
(6) Remove the spring plate from the rear axle and
the leaf spring (Fig. 34).
(7) Using the jack standsslowlylower the rear
axle, permitting the rear springs to hang free.
(8) Loosen and remove the 4 bolts securing the
front mount of the leaf spring to the vehicle (Fig. 31).
Fig. 31 Lifting Point And Spring Mount
1 - BODY SILL AREA
2 - MOUNTING BOLTS
3 - SPRING MOUNTING BRACKET
4 - LEAF SPRING
5 - HOIST LIFT ARM
6 - WOODEN BLOCK
Fig. 32 Rear Shock Mounting Bolt
1 - SHOCK BOLT
Fig. 33 Spring Plate Bolts
1 - SPRING PLATE
Fig. 34 Spring Plate
1 - SPRING PLATE
RSREAR SUSPENSION2-41
SPRING - FWD (Continued)
(9) Loosen and remove the nuts from the spring
shackle (Fig. 35).
(10) Remove the shackle plate from the hanger
and remove the spring from the spring hanger (Fig.
35).
(11) Remove the leaf spring from the vehicle.
(12) Loosen and remove the pivot bolt from the
front mount of the rear leaf spring. Remove mount.
INSTALLATION
(1) Assemble front spring mount to front of spring
eye and install pivot bolt and nut.Do not tighten
at this time.
CAUTION: Pivot bolt must face inboard to prevent
structural damage during installation of spring.
(2) Raise front of spring and install four mounting
bolts (Fig. 31). Tighten bolts to 61 N´m (45 ft. lbs.)
torque.
(3) Install rear of spring onto rear spring shackle
(Fig. 35). Install shackle plate and nuts.Do not
tighten at this time.
(4) Verify lower leaf spring isolator is in position.
(5) Raise axle into correct position on leaf spring
with axle centered under spring locator post (Fig.
36).
(6) Verify that the leaf spring isolator is correctly
positioned in the spring plate.
(7) Install spring plate in position on the spring
(Fig. 33).
(8) Install spring plate bolts (Fig. 33). Tighten
bolts to 95 N´m (70 ft. lbs.) torque.
(9) Install lower shock absorber bolt.Do not
tighten at this time.
(10) Remove jack under axle.(11) Lower the vehicle and remove hoist arms and
block of wood from under vehicle.
(12) Tighten the spring front pivot bolt to 156 N´m
(115 ft. lbs.) torque.
(13) Tighten rear spring shackle pin nuts to 61
N´m (45 ft. lbs.) torque.
(14) Tighten the lower shock absorber mounting
bolt to 102 N´m (75 ft. lbs.) torque.SPRING MOUNTS - FRONT
REMOVAL
(1) Raise vehicle on frame-contact hoist as follows:
(a) Position the hoist arm supporting the corner
of the vehicle to be serviced against a block of wood
placed on the body sill as shown (Fig. 37).
(b) Position the remaining hoist arms at each
corner of the vehicle in the normal fashion. (Refer
to LUBRICATION & MAINTENANCE/HOISTING
- STANDARD PROCEDURE)
(c) Raise the vehicle to a comfortable working
level.
(2) Position an under-hoist utility jack or transmis-
sion jack under rear axle toward the side needing
bushing replacement. Jack pad should just contact
axle.
(3) Remove shock absorber lower mounting bolt.
NOTE: If shock absorber bolt deflects upward dur-
ing removal, raise axle by adjusting support jack. If
shock absorber bolt deflects downward during
removal, lower axle by adjusting support jack (or by
pulling on axle).
Fig. 35 Rear Spring Hanger/Shackle
1 - SHACKLE PLATE
2 - SPRING HANGER
Fig. 36 Leaf Spring Locator Post
1 - LEAF SPRING ISOLATOR
2 - LEAF SPRING
3 - LOCATOR POST
2 - 42 REAR SUSPENSIONRS
SPRING - FWD (Continued)
(4) Remove four bolts securing leaf spring front
mounting bracket to the body (Fig. 37).
(5) Using jack,slowlylower rear axle, permitting
the forward end of rear spring to hang down. Lower
it enough to allow access to spring pivot bolt. It may
be necessary to place a wooden block between the
spring and vehicle to hold forward end of the spring
in place.
(6) Remove leaf spring forward pivot bolt, then
remove mounting bracket.
INSTALLATION
(1) Position spring mounting bracket over spring
eye and install pivot bolt through center of bushing
from theoutboardside.
NOTE: The pivot bolt must be installed from the
outboard side to allow proper bracket to body
mounting.
(2) Install the nut on the pivot bolt and lightly
tighten. Do not fully tighten bolt at this time.
(3) Raise the under-hoist utility jack or transmis-
sion jack, guiding the forward mounting bracket into
place against the body. It may help to use a drift
punch placed through the hole centered between the
mounting bolt holes in the bracket and the pilot hole
in the body of the vehicle as a guide. When the four
mounting bolt holes line up with their threads in the
body, Install the mounting bolts (Fig. 37). Tighten the
four mounting bolts to 61 N´m (45 ft. lbs.) torque.(4) Raise or lower the jack until shock absorber
lower eye aligns with threads in axle housing. Install
shock absorber lower mounting bolt. Do not fully
tighten bolt at this time.
(5) Lower the vehicle and remove hoist arms and
block of wood from under vehicle.
(6) Tighten the spring front pivot bolt to 156 N´m
(115 ft. lbs.) torque.
(7) Tighten the lower shock absorber mounting
bolt to 88 N´m (65 ft. lbs.) torque.
SPRING MOUNTS - REAR
REMOVAL
(1) Remove the pin nuts securing the leaf spring
rear shackle halves (Fig. 38) (Fig. 39).
(2) Install a jack under the side of the axle having
the leaf spring mount removed. Using the jack, sup-
port the weight of the axle and leaf spring.
(3) Remove the lower mounting bolt from the
shock absorber.
(4) Remove the bolts attaching the leaf spring rear
mount to the body of the vehicle (Fig. 40).
(5) Lower the jack and the rear of the leaf spring.
(6) AWD only ± Remove the retaining bolts fasten-
ing inner to outer halves of the leaf spring shackle
(Fig. 39).
(7) Remove the shackle from the leaf spring bush-
ing and the spring rear mount.
INSTALLATION
(1) With the rear of the spring in the lowered posi-
tion, install the spring shackle halves through the
leaf spring bushings and rear mount (Fig. 39).
Fig. 37 LIFTING POINT AND SPRING MOUNT
1 - BODY SILL AREA
2 - MOUNTING BOLTS
3 - SPRING MOUNTING BRACKET
4 - LEAF SPRING
5 - HOIST LIFT ARM
6 - WOODEN BLOCK
Fig. 38 Leaf Spring Shackle Nuts (FWD)
1 - SHACKLE PLATE
RSREAR SUSPENSION2-43
SPRING MOUNTS - FRONT (Continued)
(2) Install the shackle mounting nuts on the
hanger pins, but DO NOT TIGHTEN AT THIS
TIME.
(3) AWD only ± Install, BUT DO NOT TIGHTEN,
retaining bolts fastening inner to outer halves of leaf
spring hanger at this time (Fig. 39).
(4) Using a jack, raise the leaf spring into
mounted position.
(5) Install the rear spring mount-to-body bolts
(Fig. 40). Tighten rear spring mount bolts to 61 N´m
(45 ft. lbs.) torque.
(6) Install the lower mounting bolt fastening the
shock absorber to the axle. DO NOT TIGHTEN THE
BOLT AT THIS TIME.
(7) Remove the jack from under axle.(8) Lower the vehicle so that the full weight of the
vehicle is on all four tires (curb height).
CAUTION: AWD only ± In order to avoid bending the
spring shackles, the shackle pin nuts must be tight-
ened to the specified torque before the inboard-to-
outboard shackle half bolts can be tightened.
(9) Tighten shackle mounting nuts to 61 N´m (45
ft. lbs.) torque.
(10) If equipped with AWD, tighten shackle-to-
shackle mounting bolts to 61 N´m (45 ft. lbs.) torque.
(11) Tighten shock absorber lower mounting bolt to
88 N´m (65 ft. lbs.) torque.
SPRING SHACKLE
REMOVAL
(Refer to 2 - SUSPENSION/REAR/SPRING
MOUNTS - REMOVAL)
INSTALLATION
(Refer to 2 - SUSPENSION/REAR/SPRING
MOUNTS - INSTALLATION)
STABILIZER BAR
DESCRIPTION
Some front-wheel-drive models use a stabilizer bar.
It is mounted behind the rear axle. All-wheel-drive
models use a stabilizer bar that is mounted in front
of the rear axle.
The stabilizer bar interconnects both sides of the
rear axle and attaches to the rear frame rails using 2
rubber isolated link arms.
Both type stabilizer bars have the same basic com-
ponents. Attachment to the rear axle tube, and rear
frame rails is through rubber-isolated bushings.
The 2 rubber isolated links are connected to the
rear frame rails by brackets. These brackets are
bolted to the bottom of the frame rails.
OPERATION
Jounce and rebound movements affecting one
wheel are partially transmitted to the opposite wheel
to reduce body roll.
REMOVAL
REMOVAL - AWD
(1) Raise vehicle. (Refer to LUBRICATION &
MAINTENANCE/HOISTING - STANDARD PROCE-
DURE)
Fig. 39 All-Wheel-Drive Rear Suspension
1 - SHACKLE
2 - REAR MOUNT (HANGER)
3 - LEAF SPRING (MULTI-LEAF)
4 - AWD REAR AXLE
Fig. 40 Rear Spring Mount (Typical)
1 - LEAF SPRING MOUNT
2 - 44 REAR SUSPENSIONRS
SPRING MOUNTS - REAR (Continued)
DIFFERENTIAL & DRIVELINE
HALF SHAFT - FRONT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
page page
HALF SHAFT - FRONT
DESCRIPTION..........................1
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - HALF SHAFT.....1
REMOVAL.............................2
INSTALLATION..........................4
SPECIFICATIONS - HALF SHAFT - FRONT....6CV BOOT - INNER
REMOVAL.............................6
INSTALLATION..........................7
CV BOOT - OUTER
REMOVAL.............................10
INSTALLATION.........................11
HALF SHAFT - FRONT
DESCRIPTION
All vehicles use an unequal length half shaft sys-
tem (Fig. 1).
The left half shaft uses a tuned rubber damper
weight. When replacing the left half shaft, be sure
the replacement half shaft has the same damper
weight as the original.
All half shaft assemblies use the same type of
inner and outer joints. The inner joint of both half
shaft assemblies is a tripod joint, and the outer joint
of both half shaft assemblies is a Rzeppa joint. Both
tripod joints and Rzeppa joints are true constant
velocity (CV) joint assemblies. The inner tripod joint
allows for the changes in half shaft length through
the jounce and rebound travel of the front suspen-
sion.
On vehicles equipped with ABS brakes, the outer
CV joint is equipped with a tone wheel used to deter-
mine vehicle speed for ABS brake operation.
The inner tripod joint of both half shafts is splined
into the transaxle side gears. The inner tripod joints
are retained in the side gears of the transaxle using
a snap ring located in the stub shaft of the tripod
joint. The outer CV joint has a stub shaft that is
splined into the wheel hub and retained by a steel
hub nut.
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - HALF SHAFT
VEHICLE INSPECTION
(1) Check for grease in the vicinity of the inboard
tripod joint and outboard CV joint; this is a sign of
inner or outer joint seal boot or seal boot clamp dam-
age.
NOISE AND/OR VIBRATION IN TURNS
A clicking noise and/or a vibration in turns could
be caused by one of the following conditions:
²Damaged outer CV or inner tripod joint seal
boot or seal boot clamps. This will result in the loss
and/or contamination of the joint grease, resulting in
inadequate lubrication of the joint.
²Noise may also be caused by another component
of the vehicle coming in contact with the half shafts.
CLUNKING NOISE DURING ACCELERATION
This noise may be a result of one of the following
conditions:
²A torn seal boot on the inner or outer joint of the
half shaft assembly.
²A loose or missing clamp on the inner or outer
joint of the half shaft assembly.
²A damaged or worn half shaft CV joint.
SHUDDER OR VIBRATION DURING ACCELERATION
This problem could be a result of:
²A worn or damaged half shaft inner tripod joint.
RSDIFFERENTIAL & DRIVELINE3-1
LATCHING TYPE BOOT CLAMP
If seal boot uses low profile latching type boot
clamp, use the following procedure to install the
retaining clamp.
(1) Place prongs of clamp locking tool in the holes
of the clamp (Fig. 25).
(2) Squeeze tool together until top band of clamp is
latched behind the two tabs on lower band of clamp
(Fig. 26).
(14) Install the half shaft back into the vehicle.
(Refer to 3 - DIFFERENTIAL & DRIVELINE/HALF
SHAFT - INSTALLATION)
CV BOOT - OUTER
REMOVAL
(1) Remove halfshaft assembly requiring boot
replacement from vehicle. (Refer to 3 - DIFFEREN-
TIAL & DRIVELINE/HALF SHAFT - REMOVAL)
(2) Remove large boot clamp retaining C/V joint
sealing boot to C/V joint housing (Fig. 27) and dis-
card. Remove small clamp that retains outer C/V
joint sealing boot to interconnecting shaft and dis-
card. Remove sealing boot from outer C/V joint hous-
ing and slide it down interconnecting shaft.
(3) Wipe away grease to expose outer C/V joint and
interconnecting shaft.
(4) Remove outer C/V joint from interconnecting
shaft using the following procedure: Support inter-
connecting shaft in a vise equipped with protective
caps on jaws of vise to prevent damage to intercon-
necting shaft. Then, using a soft±faced hammer,
sharply hit the end of the C/V joint housing to dis-
lodge housing from internal circlip on interconnecting
shaft (Fig. 28). Then slide outer C/V joint off end of
interconnecting shaft, joint may have to be tapped off
shaft using asoft±facedhammer.
(5) Remove large circlip (Fig. 29) from the inter-
connecting shaft before attempting to remove outer
C/V joint sealing boot.
(6) Slide sealing boot off interconnecting shaft.
(7) Thoroughly clean and inspect outer C/V joint
assembly and interconnecting joint for any signs of
excessive wear.If any parts show signs of exces-
sive wear, the halfshaft assembly will require
replacement. Component parts of these half-
shaft assemblies are not serviceable.
Fig. 25 Clamping Tool Installed on Sealing Boot
Clamp
1 - CLAMP
2 - TOOL YA3050, OR EQUIVALENT
3 - SEALING BOOT
Fig. 26 Sealing Boot Clamp Correctly Installed
1 - INNER TRIPOD JOINT HOUSING
2 - TOP BAND OF CLAMP MUST BE RETAINED BY TABS AS
SHOWN HERE TO CORRECTLY LATCH BOOT CLAMP
3 - SEALING BOOT
Fig. 27 Outer C/V Joint Seal Boot Clamps
1 - SMALL CLAMP
2 - SEALING BOOT
3 - OUTER C/V JOINT HOUSING
4 - LARGE CLAMP
5 - INTERCONNECTING SHAFT
3 - 10 HALF SHAFT - FRONTRS
CV BOOT - INNER (Continued)
BRAKES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
page page
BRAKES - BASE........................... 1BRAKES - ABS........................... 87
BRAKES - BASE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
page page
BRAKES - BASE
DESCRIPTION
DESCRIPTION - BASE BRAKES...........3
DESCRIPTION - BASE BRAKES (EXPORT) . . . 3
OPERATION - BASE BRAKES..............3
WARNING.............................4
CAUTION..............................4
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - BASE BRAKE
SYSTEM.............................4
STANDARD PROCEDURE - BASE BRAKE
BLEEDING............................8
SPECIFICATIONS
BRAKE FASTENER TORQUE.............9
SPECIAL TOOLS
BASE BRAKE SYSTEM.................10
BRAKE FLUID LEVEL SWITCH
DESCRIPTION.........................10
OPERATION...........................10
REMOVAL.............................11
INSTALLATION.........................11
ADJUSTABLE PEDALS SWITCH
REMOVAL.............................11
INSTALLATION.........................11
HYDRAULIC/MECHANICAL
DESCRIPTION
DESCRIPTION - DISC BRAKES (FRONT) . . . 11
DESCRIPTION - DISC BRAKES (REAR)....13
DESCRIPTION - DISC BRAKES (EXPORT) . . 13
DESCRIPTION - DRUM BRAKES (REAR) . . . 13
OPERATION
OPERATION - DISC BRAKES (FRONT).....13
OPERATION - DISC BRAKES (REAR)......14
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - DRUM BRAKE
AUTOMATIC ADJUSTER................14
BRAKE LINES
DESCRIPTION - BRAKE TUBES AND HOSES..14
OPERATION - BRAKE TUBES AND HOSES . . . 14INSPECTION - BRAKE TUBES AND HOSES . . . 14
BRAKE PADS/SHOES - FRONT
REMOVAL
REMOVAL - FRONT DISC BRAKE SHOES
(CONTINENTAL TEVES BRAKES).........15
REMOVAL - FRONT DISC BRAKE SHOES
(TRW BRAKES).......................15
CLEANING - DISC BRAKE SHOES..........16
INSPECTION - DISC BRAKE SHOES........16
INSTALLATION
INSTALLATION - FRONT DISC BRAKE
SHOES (CONTINENTAL TEVES BRAKES) . . . 16
INSTALLATION - FRONT DISC BRAKE
SHOES (TRW BRAKES)................17
BRAKE PADS/SHOES - REAR DISC
REMOVAL - REAR DISC BRAKE SHOES.....17
CLEANING - DISC BRAKE SHOES..........18
INSPECTION - DISC BRAKE SHOES........18
INSTALLATION - REAR DISC BRAKE SHOES . . 19
BRAKE PADS/SHOES - REAR DRUM
REMOVAL - REAR DRUM BRAKE SHOES....19
INSPECTION - REAR DRUM BRAKE SHOE
LINING..............................22
INSTALLATION - REAR DRUM BRAKE SHOES..22
ADJUSTMENTS
ADJUSTMENT - REAR DRUM BRAKE
SHOES.............................23
DISC BRAKE CALIPER - FRONT
REMOVAL
REMOVAL - FRONT DISC BRAKE CALIPER
(CONTINENTAL TEVES BRAKES).........24
REMOVAL - FRONT DISC BRAKE CALIPER
(TRW BRAKES).......................24
DISASSEMBLY
DISASSEMBLY - CALIPER GUIDE PIN
BUSHINGS (CONTINENTAL TEVES
BRAKES)............................24
RSBRAKES5-1
DISASSEMBLY - CALIPER PISTON AND
SEAL...............................24
CLEANING - CALIPER...................25
INSPECTION - CALIPER..................25
ASSEMBLY
ASSEMBLY - CALIPER GUIDE PIN
BUSHINGS (CONTINENTAL TEVES
BRAKES)............................25
ASSEMBLY - CALIPER PISTON AND SEAL . . 26
INSTALLATION
INSTALLATION - FRONT DISC BRAKE
CALIPER (CONTINENTAL TEVES
BRAKES)............................27
INSTALLATION - FRONT DISC BRAKE
CALIPER (TRW BRAKES)...............27
DISC BRAKE CALIPER - REAR
REMOVAL - REAR DISC BRAKE CALIPER....28
DISASSEMBLY - CALIPER PISTON AND SEAL..28
CLEANING - CALIPER...................29
INSPECTION - CALIPER..................29
ASSEMBLY - CALIPER PISTON AND SEAL . . . 30
INSTALLATION - REAR DISC BRAKE CALIPER..30
DISC BRAKE CALIPER ADAPTER
REMOVAL - FRONT DISC BRAKE CALIPER
ADAPTER...........................31
INSTALLATION - FRONT DISC BRAKE
CALIPER ADAPTER....................31
DISC BRAKE CALIPER GUIDE PINS
REMOVAL - DISC BRAKE CALIPER GUIDE
PINS (TRW BRAKES)..................31
INSTALLATION - DISC BRAKE CALIPER
GUIDE PINS (TRW BRAKES).............32
DRUM
REMOVAL.............................32
INSTALLATION.........................32
FLUID
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - BRAKE FLUID
CONTAMINATION.....................33
STANDARD PROCEDURE - BRAKE FLUID
LEVEL CHECKING.....................33
SPECIFICATIONS
BRAKE FLUID........................33
JUNCTION BLOCK
DESCRIPTION - NON-ABS JUNCTION BLOCK..33
OPERATION - NON-ABS JUNCTION BLOCK . . 33
REMOVAL - NON-ABS JUNCTION BLOCK....34
INSTALLATION - NON-ABS JUNCTION BLOCK..34
MASTER CYLINDER
DESCRIPTION
DESCRIPTION........................35
DESCRIPTION - RHD..................35
OPERATION...........................36
STANDARD PROCEDURE - MASTER
CYLINDER BLEEDING..................36
REMOVAL
REMOVAL - LHD......................36
REMOVAL - RHD......................37DISASSEMBLY - MASTER CYLINDER (FLUID
RESERVOIR).........................38
ASSEMBLY - MASTER CYLINDER (FLUID
RESERVOIR).........................39
INSTALLATION
INSTALLATION - LHD..................39
INSTALLATION - RHD..................39
PEDALS - ADJUSTABLE
REMOVAL.............................40
INSTALLATION.........................43
PEDAL TORQUE SHAFT - RHD
REMOVAL.............................44
INSTALLATION.........................44
POWER BRAKE BOOSTER
DESCRIPTION.........................45
OPERATION...........................46
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - POWER BRAKE
BOOSTER...........................46
REMOVAL
REMOVAL - LHD......................46
REMOVAL - RHD......................48
INSTALLATION
INSTALLATION - LHD..................50
INSTALLATION - RHD..................51
PROPORTIONING VALVE
DESCRIPTION - PROPORTIONING VALVE
(HEIGHT SENSING)....................53
OPERATION - PROPORTIONING VALVE
(HEIGHT SENSING)....................53
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING -
PROPORTIONING VALVE (HEIGHT
SENSING)...........................54
REMOVAL - PROPORTIONING VALVE
(HEIGHT SENSING)....................55
INSTALLATION - PROPORTIONING VALVE
(HEIGHT SENSING)....................55
ROTOR
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - BRAKE ROTOR . . 55
STANDARD PROCEDURE - BRAKE ROTOR
MACHINING..........................58
REMOVAL - FRONT BRAKE ROTOR........59
INSTALLATION - FRONT BRAKE ROTOR.....59
SPECIFICATIONS
BRAKE ROTOR.......................60
BRAKE ROTOR - EXPORT..............60
SUPPORT PLATE - DRUM BRAKE
REMOVAL.............................61
INSTALLATION.........................61
WHEEL CYLINDERS
REMOVAL.............................62
INSPECTION..........................62
INSTALLATION.........................62
PARKING BRAKE
DESCRIPTION
DESCRIPTION........................62
DESCRIPTION - EXPORT...............63
OPERATION...........................63
5 - 2 BRAKES - BASERS