2003 NISSAN X-TRAIL power steering system

BRC-2
ESP/TCS/ABS
PRECAUTIONS ......................................................... 49
Precautions for Supplemental Restraint System
(SRS) “AIR BAG” and “SEAT BELT PRE-TEN-
SIONER” ................................................................. 49
Precautions for Brake System ................................ 49
Precautions for Brake Control ................................ 49
PREPARATION ......................................................... 50
Special Service Tools ............................................. 50
ON-VEHICLE SERVICE ............................................ 51
Adjustment of Steering Angle Sensor Neutral Posi-
tion .......................................................................... 51
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION .......................................... 52
System Diagram ..................................................... 52
ESP Function .......................................................... 52
TCS Function .......................................................... 52
ABS Function .......................................................... 53
EBD Function ......................................................... 53
Fail-Safe Function .................................................. 53
ESP/ TCS SYSTEM ............................................ 53
ABS, EBD SYSTEM ............................................ 53
Hydraulic Circuit Diagram ....................................... 54
CAN COMMUNICATION ........................................... 55
System Description ................................................. 55
CAN Communication Unit ....................................... 55
TYPE 3/TYPE4 .................................................... 55
TYPE 5 ................................................................ 56
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS ............................................ 58
How to Proceed With Diagnosis ............................. 58
BASIC CONCEPT ............................................... 58
DIAGNOSIS FLOWCHART ................................. 59
ASKING COMPLAINTS ....................................... 60
EXAMPLE OF DIAGNOSIS SHEET .................... 60
Component Parts and Harness Connector Location ... 61
Schematic ............................................................... 62
Wiring Diagram —ESP/TCS/ABS— ..................... 63
LHD MODEL ........................................................ 63
RHD MODEL ....................................................... 69
Control Unit Input/Output Signal Standard .............. 75
REFERENCE VALUE FROM CONSULT-II ......... 75
CONSULT-II Functions ........................................... 77
CONSULT-II MAIN FUNCTION ........................... 77
CONSULT-II BASIC OPERATION PROCEDURE
... 77
SELF-DIAGNOSIS .............................................. 79
DATA MONITOR .................................................. 81
ACTIVE TEST ..................................................... 84
For Fast and Accurate Diagnosis ........................... 86
PRECAUTIONS FOR DIAGNOSIS ..................... 86
Basic Inspection ..................................................... 87
BASIC INSPECTION 1 BRAKE FLUID AMOUNT,
LEAKS, AND BRAKE PADS INSPECTION ......... 87
BASIC INSPECTION 2 POWER SYSTEM TER-
MINAL LOOSENESS AND BATTERY INSPEC-
TION .................................................................... 87
BASIC INSPECTION 3 ABS WARNING LAMP,
ESP OFF INDICATOR LAMP, SLIP INDICATOR
LAMP AND BRAKE WARNING LAMP INSPEC-TION .................................................................... 88
Inspection 1 Wheel Sensor System ........................ 89
INSPECTION PROCEDURE ............................... 89
Inspection 2 Engine System ................................... 91
Inspection 3 ESP/TCS/ABS Control Unit System ... 91
Inspection 4 Pressure Sensor and the Circuit
between Pressure Sensor and ESP/TCS/ABS Con-
trol Unit. ................................................................... 91
Inspection 5 Steering Angle Sensor and Circuit
between Steering Angle Sensor and ESP/TCS/ABS
Control Unit. ............................................................ 93
Inspection 6 Yaw Rate/Side G sensor and the Circuit
between Yaw Rate/Side G sensor and ESP/TCS/
ABS Control Unit. .................................................... 95
Inspection 7 Solenoid Valve, ESP Switch-over Sole-
noid Valve and Circuit ............................................. 96
Inspection 8 Actuator Motor, Motor Relay and Circuit
... 99
Inspection 9 Actuator Relay and Circuit ................101
Inspection 10 Stop Lamp Switch and Circuit .........103
Inspection 11 ESP/TCS/ABS Control Unit Power
Supply Circuit ........................................................103
Inspection 12 When “EMERGENCY BRAKE” is
indicated in the Self-Diagnosis Results .................105
Inspection 13 When “ST ANG SEN SIGNAL” is Indi-
cated in the Self-Diagnosis Results ......................105
Inspection 14 Brake Fluid Level of Reservoir Tank,
Communication Circuit between ESP/TCS/ABS
Control Unit and Brake Fluid Level Warning Switch .106
Inspection 15 CAN Communication Circuit, ESP/
TCS/ABS Control Unit and Steering Angle Sensor .107
Component Check ................................................107
ESP OFF SWITCH ............................................107
ESP RELAY BOX ...............................................107
ESP ACTUATOR ...............................................108
Symptom 1: ABS Works Frequently. .....................110
Symptom 2: Unexpected Pedal Action .................110
Symptom 3: Longer Stopping Distance ................. 111
Symptom 4: ABS Does Not Work. ........................112
Symptom 5: Pedal Vibration and Noise ................112
Symptom 6: ESP OFF Indicator Lamp Does Not Illu-
minate ...................................................................113
Symptom 7: SLIP Indicator Lamp Does Not Illumi-
nate .......................................................................114
Symptom 8: Vehicle Jerks During ESP/TCS/ABS
Control ..................................................................114
WHEEL SENSORS .................................................116
Removal and Installation .......................................116
SENSOR ROTOR ....................................................117
Removal and Installation .......................................117
REMOVAL ..........................................................117
INSTALLATION ..................................................117
ESP/TCS/ABS CONTROL UNIT .............................118
Removal and Installation .......................................118
REMOVAL ..........................................................118
INSTALLATION ..................................................118
ESP/TCS/ABS ACTUATOR AND RELAY BOX ......119
Removal and Installation .......................................119

TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS
BRC-81
[ESP/TCS/ABS]
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BRC

(note) “ACTUATOR RLY” on the CONSULT-II self-diagnosis results indicates the malfunction of the actuator motor relay and circuit.
DATA MONITOR
For details of the data monitor function, refer to CONSULT-II Instruction Manual.
USV LINE [FL-RR]ESP switch-over solenoid valve 1 on the primary side is open cir-
cuit or shorted, or the control line is open or shorted to the power
supply or the ground.
ESP switch-over sole-
noid valve and circuit.
Refer to BRC-96
. USV LINE [FR-RL]ESP switch-over solenoid valve 1 on the secondary side is open
circuit or shorted, or the control line is open or shorted to the
power supply or the ground.
HSV LINE [FL-RR]ESP switch-over solenoid valve 2 on the primary side is open cir-
cuit or shorted, or the control line is open or shorted to the power
supply or the ground.
HSV LINE [FR-RL]ESP switch-over solenoid valve 2 on the secondary side is open
circuit or shorted, or the control line is open or shorted to the
power supply or the ground.
PUMP MOTOR
ACTUATOR RLY (note) During the actuator motor operating with ON, when the actuator
motor turns OFF, or when the control line for actuator motor relay
is open.Actuator motor, motor
relay, and circuit. Refer
to BRC-99
During the actuator motor operating with OFF, when the actuator
motor turns ON, or when the control line for relay is shorted to
ground.
ABS SENSOR
[ABNORMAL SIGNAL]Wheel sensor input is abnormal.Wheel sensor and cir-
cuit. Refer to BRC-89
BATTERY VOLTAGE
[ABNORMAL]ESP/TCS/ABS control unit battery voltage is too low.ESP/TCS/ABS control
unit battery voltage cir-
cuit and ground circuit.
Refer to BRC-103
ST ANGLE SEN SIGNALNeutral position correction of steering angle sensor is not fin-
ished.Neutral position adjust-
ment of steering angle
sensor. Refer to BRC-
105
ST ANG SEN COM CIRCAN communication system or steering angle sensor is abnor-
mal.Steering angle sensor
and CAN communication
circuit. Refer to BRC-107
SIDE G-SEN CIRCUITSide G sensor is abnormal, or circuit of side G sensor is open or
shorted.Yaw rate/ Side G sensor
and circuit. Refer to
BRC-95
EMERGENCY BRAKEESP/TCS/ABS control unit malfunction (pressure increase is too
much or too little.)ESP/TCS/ABS control
unit. Refer to BRC-105
CONTROLLER FAILURE ESP/TCS/ABS internal malfunction of control unitESP/TCS/ABS control
unit. Refer to BRC-91
CAN COMM CIRCUIT

CAN communication line is open or shorted.

ESP/TCS/ABS control unit internal malfunction.

Battery voltage for ECM is interrupted instantaneously for
Approx. 0.5 seconds or more.Communication circuit
between ESP/TCS/ABS
control unit and units.
Refer to BRC-107
BR FLUID LEVEL LOWBrake fluid level drops or communication line between the ESP/
TCS/ABS control unit and brake fluid level warning switch is open
or shorted. Communication circuit
between the ESP/TCS/
ABS control unit and the
brake fluid level warning
switch.
Reservoir tank fluid.
Refer to BRC-106

ENGINE SIGNAL 1-4, 6 Major engine components are abnormal Engine system. Refer to
BRC-91
Self-Diagnostic item Malfunction detecting condition Check route

PS-1
POWER STEERING SYSTEM
G STEERING
CONTENTS
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SECTION
A
B
PS

POWER STEERING SYSTEM
PRECAUTIONS .......................................................... 3
Precautions for Supplemental Restraint System
(SRS) “AIR BAG” and “SEAT BELT PRE-TEN-
SIONER” .................................................................. 3
Caution ..................................................................... 3
FPREPARATION ........................................................ 4
Special Service Tools (SST) ..................................... 4
NOISE, VIBRATION AND HARSHNESS (NVH)
TROUBLESHOOTING ................................................ 5
NVH Trouble shooting Chart .................................... 5
POWER STEERING FLUID ........................................ 6
Checking Fluid Level ................................................ 6
Checking Fluid Leakage ........................................... 6
Bleeding Hydraulic System ...................................... 6
STEERING WHEEL .................................................... 7
On-Vehicle Inspection and Service .......................... 7
PLAY INSPECTION .............................................. 7
NEUTRAL POSITION INSPECTION .................... 7
STEERING TORQUE CHECK .............................. 7
STEERING ANGLE INSPECTION ........................ 7
Removal and Installation .......................................... 8
REMOVAL ............................................................. 8
INSTALLATION ..................................................... 8
STEERING COLUMN ............................................... 10
Removal and Installation ........................................ 10
REMOVAL OF LOWER JOINT AND HOLE
COVER ............................................................... 10
INSTALLATION OF LOWER JOINT AND HOLE
COVER ............................................................... 10
REMOVAL OF STEERING COLUMN ASSEM-
BLY ....................................................................... 11
INSTALLING STEERING COLUMN ASSEMBLY .... 11
Disassembly and Assembly ................................... 12
DISASSEMBLY ................................................... 12
INSPECTION AFTER DISASSEMBLY ............... 12
ASSEMBLY ......................................................... 12
POWER STEERING GEAR AND LINKAGE ............ 13
Removal and Installation ........................................ 13
REMOVAL ........................................................... 13
INSTALLATION ................................................... 13Components ........................................................... 15
MODEL PR24AD ................................................. 15
Disassembly and Assembly .................................... 16
DISASSEMBLY ................................................... 16
INSPECTION AFTER DISASSEMBLY ................ 17
ASSEMBLY ......................................................... 18
POWER STEERING OIL PUMP ............................... 24
On-Vehicle Inspection and Service ......................... 24
OIL PUMP PULLEY HYDRAULIC PRESSURE
INSPECTION ...................................................... 24
Removal and Installation (QR20DE and QR25DE
engine models) ....................................................... 24
REMOVAL ........................................................... 24
INSTALLATION ................................................... 24
Disassembly and Assembly(QR20DE and
QR25DE engine models) ........................................ 25
INSPECTION BEFORE DISASSEMBLY ............. 25
DISASSEMBLY ................................................... 25
INSPECTION AFTER DISASSEMBLY ................ 26
ASSEMBLY ......................................................... 26
Removal and Installation (YD22DDTi engine
model) ..................................................................... 28
Disassembly and Assembly (YD22DDTi engine
model) ..................................................................... 30
INSPECTION BEFORE DISASSEMBLY ............. 30
DISASSEMBLY ................................................... 31
INSPECTION AFTER DISASSEMBLY ................ 32
ASSEMBLY ......................................................... 32
HYDRAULIC LINE .................................................... 34
Components (QR20DE and QR25DE engine mod-
els) .......................................................................... 34
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION ........................ 38
Components (YD22DDTi engine model) ................ 39
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION ........................ 41
SERVICE DATA AND SPECIFICATIONS (SDS) ...... 42
Wheel ..................................................................... 42
Steering Angle ........................................................ 42
Steering Column ..................................................... 42
Steering Linkage ..................................................... 42
Steering Gear ......................................................... 43

PS-6
POWER STEERING FLUID

POWER STEERING FLUIDPFP:KLF20
Checking Fluid LevelEGS0004B

Check the fluid level with the engine OFF.

Check that fluid level is between MAX and MIN marks on tank.
Fluid level should not exceed MAX mark. Excessive fluid will
cause fluid to leak from cap.

Note that fluid level can change depending on temperature of
fluid. HIGH and LOW marks are shown on tank to indicate the
proper level at high temperature and low temperature respec-
tively.
CAUTION:

Never reuse drained power steering fluid.

Use DEXRONTM III or equivalent. Never use Nissan Power Steering Fluid Special, Nissan Matic
Fluid C, or D.
Checking Fluid LeakageEGS0004C
Check hydraulic connections for any leakage, crack, damage, loose-
ness, or wear.
1. Run engine until fluid temperature reaches 50 to 80°C (122 to
176°F) in reservoir tank. Keep engine speed at idle.
2. Turn steering wheel several times from stop to stop.
3. Turn the steering wheel clockwise or counter clockwise until it
reaches the stop and hold it for five seconds. Check for fluid
leak.
CAUTION:
Do not hold steering wheel at stop for 15 seconds or longer.
Otherwise, pump may be damaged.
4. If any leak is found on joint, loosen and retighten flair nut. Excessive tightening may damage O-ring,
washer, or connector.
Bleeding Hydraulic SystemEGS0004D
1. Lift vehicle.
2. Fill tank up to MAX mark. Turn steering wheel several times from stop to stop. Add fluid if fluid level goes
down. Repeat this step until there is no fluid decrease and no bubble in tank.
3. Start engine and repeat step above with engine at idle. Continue step until no decrease in fluid happens.
If bleeding is not complete, following symptoms can be observed.

Bubbles are created in reservoir tank.

Rattling noise can be heard from oil pump.

Whining noise can be heard from oil pump.
Turn steering wheel slowly or stop vehicle. Sound of fluid movement may be heard from gear valve and
pump. This sound has nothing to do with steering performance or durability.HOT : Oil temperature 50 to 80°C (122 to 176°F)
COLD : Oil temperature 0 to 30°C (32 to 86°F)
STC0996D
SST836C

POWER STEERING GEAR AND LINKAGE
PS-13
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PS

POWER STEERING GEAR AND LINKAGEPFP:49001
Removal and InstallationEGS0004I
REMOVAL
1. Remove cotter pin, and loosen mounting nut. Remove tie rod from steering knuckle with a pitman arm
puller.
CAUTION:

Be careful not to damage dust boot at ball joint of tie rod.

Before using pitman arm puller (multi-purpose tool), loosely tighten nut for temporary holding.
2. Mark lower joint and steering gear with paint for easy installation. Remove pinch bolt from gear side of
lower joint.
3. Remove high pressure-side tube and low pressure-side hose of hydraulic piping from steering gear.
4. Remove mounting nuts on upper portion of stabilizer connecting rod and stabilizer clamp mounting bolts.
Move stabilizer toward vehicle front.
5. Remove steering gear assembly mounting bolts and nuts. Remove power steering tube bracket and
steering gear assembly from suspension member.
6. Tilt steering gear to prevent any contact with other parts. Then remove it from right side of vehicle.
INSTALLATION
Paying attention to following items, install in the reverse order of removal.

After installation, bleed air. Refer to PS-6, "Bleeding Hydraulic System" .

Remove mounting bolt and nut from upper portion of lower joint. This will facilitate installation of lower joint
to steering gear. Then slide lower joint in place.

Check lower slit of lower joint is engaged with projection on rear
cover cap. Install pinch bolt for lower portion of lower joint.
Check steering gear is in straight-ahead position. Also check
rear cover is in position shown in figure. Then install lower joint
to steering gear.
1. Power steering gear assembly 2. Power steering tube bracket 3. Cotter pin
SGIA0009E
SGIA0105E

PS-24
POWER STEERING OIL PUMP

POWER STEERING OIL PUMPPFP:49110
On-Vehicle Inspection and ServiceEGS000AF
OIL PUMP PULLEY HYDRAULIC PRESSURE INSPECTION
Before starting following procedure, check tension of belt.
1. Raise vehicle. Connect oil pressure gauge between oil pump
discharge connector and high pressure hose. Then bleed the
hydraulic circuit.
2. Start engine. Run engine until oil temperature reaches 50°C -
80°C (122 - 176°F)
CAUTION:

Leave valve of hydraulic pressure gauge fully open while
starting and running engine. If engine is started with
valve closed, hydraulic pressure in oil pump goes up.
This will relief pressure along with abnormal increase of
oil temperature.

Care must be taken to keep hose clear of belt and other parts when engine is started.
3. Fully close hydraulic pressure gauge valve with engine at idle. Measure relief pressure.
4. After measurement, open valve slowly.
CAUTION:
Never keep valve closed for 15 seconds or longer.

If relief pressure is outside specification, disassemble and service oil pump. Refer to PS-25, "Disas-
sembly and Assembly(QR20DE and QR25DE engine models)" .
5. After inspection, remove oil pressure gauge from hydraulic circuit. Add fluid. Be sure to bleed the system
completely. Refer to PS-6, "
Bleeding Hydraulic System"
Removal and Installation (QR20DE and QR25DE engine models)EGS000AG
REMOVAL
1. Loosen adjusting screw and oil pump mounting bolt. Then, remove belt.
2. Remove union bolt and hose for oil pump.
3. Remove oil pump bracket attaching bolt.
4. Remove oil pump from vehicle.
INSTALLATION
Paying attention to following items, install in the reverse order of removal.

After installation, adjust belt tension. Refer to EM-13, "DRIVE BELTS" .

After installation, be sure to bleed system. Refer to PS-6, "Bleeding Hydraulic System" . Relief pressure specification:
8,000 - 8,800 kPa (81.4 - 87.3 bar, 83 - 89 kg/cm
2 , 1,180 - 1,266 psi)
SST834-H

POWER STEERING OIL PUMP
PS-29
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PS

2. Revolving crank pulley, set tool.
3. Fix tool with chain cover fixing bolts.
4. Using suitable tool, remove sprocket fixing nut and washer.
CAUTION:
Do not remove Tool while power steering oil pump is
removed.
5. Remove power steering pump fixing bolts, then remove it.
6. Apply Gasket to the installation surface of the engine chain case
cover as shown in the figure before installing the chain case
cover to the engine.
7. Bleed air after installation. Refer to PS-6, "
Bleeding Hydraulic
System"
SST885C
SST886C
SST890C

PRECAUTIONS
SRS-3
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SRS

PRECAUTIONSPFP:00001
Precautions for Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) “AIR BAG” and “SEAT
BELT PRE-TENSIONER”
EHS001B0
The Supplemental Restraint System such as “AIR BAG” and “SEAT BELT PRE-TENSIONER”, used along
with a front seat belt, helps to reduce the risk or severity of injury to the driver and front passenger for certain
types of collision. Information necessary to service the system safely is included in the SRS and SB section of
this Service Manual.
WARNING:

To avoid rendering the SRS inoperative, which could increase the risk of personal injury or death
in the event of a collision which would result in air bag inflation, all maintenance must be per-
formed by an authorized NISSAN/INFINITI dealer.

Improper maintenance, including incorrect removal and installation of the SRS, can lead to per-
sonal injury caused by unintentional activation of the system. For removal of Spiral Cable and Air
Bag Module, see the SRS section.

Do not use electrical test equipment on any circuit related to the SRS unless instructed to in this
Service Manual. SRS wiring harnesses can be identified by yellow and/or orange harnesses or
harness connectors.
Precautions for SRS “AIR BAG” and “SEAT BELT PRE-TENSIONER” ServiceEHS000BH

Do not use electrical test equipment to check SRS circuits unless instructed to in this Service Manual.

Before servicing the SRS, turn ignition switch OFF, disconnect both battery cables and wait at least 3 min-
utes.
For approximately 3 minutes after the cables are removed, it is still possible for the air bag and seat belt
pre-tensioner to deploy. Therefore, do not work on any SRS connectors or wires until at least 3 minutes
have passed.

Diagnosis sensor unit must always be installed with their arrow marks “⇐” pointing towards the front of the
vehicle for proper operation. Also check diagnosis sensor unit for cracks, deformities or rust before instal-
lation and replace as required.

The spiral cable must be aligned with the neutral position since its rotations are limited. Do not attempt to
turn steering wheel or column after removal of steering gear.

Handle air bag module carefully. Always place driver and front passenger air bag modules with the pad
side facing upward and place front side air bag module standing with stud bolt side setting bottom.

Conduct self-diagnosis to check entire SRS for proper function after replacing any components.

After air bag inflates, the front instrument panel assembly should be replaced if damaged.
Wiring Diagrams and Trouble DiagnosisEHS001NG
When you read wiring diagrams, refer to the following:

GI-14, "How to Read Wiring Diagrams" in GI section

PG-2, "POWER SUPPLY ROUTING" in PG section
When you perform trouble diagnosis, refer to the following:

GI-10, "HOW TO FOLLOW TEST GROUPS IN TROUBLE DIAGNOSES" in GI section

GI-23, "How to Perform Efficient Diagnosis for an Electrical Incident" in GI section
Check for any service bulletins before servicing the vehicle.