
8W-53 WIPERS
Component Page
Accessory Delay Relay................ 8W-53-5
Body Control Module............ 8W-53-2, 3, 4, 6
Circuit Breaker No. 1............... 8W-53-3, 4
Diagnostic Junction Port............... 8W-53-5
Front Washer Pump.................. 8W-53-2
Front Wiper Motor............... 8W-53-3, 4, 5
Fuse 8............................. 8W-53-6
Fuse 25............................ 8W-53-5
Fuse 29............................ 8W-53-2
G106.......................... 8W-53-2, 5, 6Component Page
G301............................ 8W-53-5, 6
Junction Block............... 8W-53-2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Liftgate Flip-Up Ajar Switch............ 8W-53-6
Rain Sensor........................ 8W-53-5
Rear Washer Pump................... 8W-53-6
Rear Wiper Motor.................... 8W-53-6
Right Multi-Function Switch.......... 8W-53-2, 6
Washer Fluid Level Switch............. 8W-53-2
Wiper High/Low Relay............ 8W-53-3, 4, 5
Wiper On/Off Relay............... 8W-53-3, 4, 5
WJ8W-53 WIPERS 8W - 53 - 1

Component Page
DRIVER SEAT BELT SWITCH........ 8W-80-74
DRIVER SIDE IMPACT SENSOR...... 8W-80-74
EGR SOLENOID (DIESEL)........... 8W-80-74
ELECTRIC BRAKE
(EXCEPT BUILT-UP-EXPORT)...... 8W-80-74
ELECTRONIC SPEED CONTROL
SERVO ......................... 8W-80-74
ENGINE CONTROL MODULE C1
(DIESEL)....................... 8W-80-75
ENGINE CONTROL MODULE C2
(DIESEL)....................... 8W-80-76
ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE
SENSOR (DIESEL)................ 8W-80-77
ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE
SENSOR (GAS)................... 8W-80-77
ENGINE OIL PRESSURE
SENSOR (DIESEL)................ 8W-80-77
ENGINE OIL PRESSURE
SENSOR (GAS)................... 8W-80-78
EVAP/PURGE SOLENOID (GAS)....... 8W-80-78
FRONT POWER OUTLET............ 8W-80-78
FRONT WASHER PUMP............. 8W-80-78
FRONT WIPER MOTOR............. 8W-80-78
FUEL INJECTOR NO. 1 (DIESEL)..... 8W-80-79
FUEL INJECTOR NO. 1 (GAS)........ 8W-80-79
FUEL INJECTOR NO. 2 (DIESEL)..... 8W-80-79
FUEL INJECTOR NO. 2 (GAS)........ 8W-80-79
FUEL INJECTOR NO. 3 (DIESEL)..... 8W-80-79
FUEL INJECTOR NO. 3 (GAS)........ 8W-80-80
FUEL INJECTOR NO. 4 (DIESEL)..... 8W-80-80
FUEL INJECTOR NO. 4 (GAS)........ 8W-80-80
FUEL INJECTOR NO. 5 (DIESEL)..... 8W-80-80
FUEL INJECTOR NO. 5 (GAS)........ 8W-80-81
FUEL INJECTOR NO. 6 (GAS)........ 8W-80-81
FUEL INJECTOR NO. 7 (4.7L)........ 8W-80-81
FUEL INJECTOR NO. 8 (4.7L)........ 8W-80-81
FUEL PRESSURE SENSOR (DIESEL) . . 8W-80-82
FUEL PRESSURE SOLENOID
(DIESEL)....................... 8W-80-82
FUEL PUMP MODULE (GAS)......... 8W-80-82
FUEL TANK MODULE (DIESEL)...... 8W-80-82
GENERATOR (DIESEL).............. 8W-80-82
GENERATOR (GAS)................. 8W-80-83
GLOVE BOX LAMP................. 8W-80-83
HEADLAMP LEVELING SWITCH
(BUILT-UP-EXPORT).............. 8W-80-83
HOOD AJAR SWITCH
(BUILT-UP-EXPORT).............. 8W-80-83
HORN NO. 1....................... 8W-80-83
HORN NO. 2....................... 8W-80-84
HYDRAULIC COOLING MODULE..... 8W-80-84
IDLE AIR CONTROL MOTOR......... 8W-80-84
IGNITION SWITCH C1.............. 8W-80-84
IGNITION SWITCH C2.............. 8W-80-84
INPUT SPEED SENSOR (4.7L)........ 8W-80-85Component Page
INSTRUMENT CLUSTER............ 8W-80-85
INTAKE AIR TEMPERATURE
SENSOR (DIESEL)................ 8W-80-85
INTAKE AIR TEMPERATURE
SENSOR (GAS)................... 8W-80-85
INTAKE PORT SWIRL ACTUATOR
(DIESEL)....................... 8W-80-86
INTRUSION TRANSCEIVER MODULE
(BUILT-UP-EXPORT).............. 8W-80-86
JUNCTION BLOCK BODY
CONTROL MODULE.............. 8W-80-86
JUNCTION BLOCK C1.............. 8W-80-87
JUNCTION BLOCK C2 (LHD)......... 8W-80-88
JUNCTION BLOCK C2 (RHD)......... 8W-80-89
JUNCTION BLOCK C3.............. 8W-80-90
JUNCTION BLOCK C4.............. 8W-80-91
JUNCTION BLOCK C5.............. 8W-80-91
KNOCK SENSOR................... 8W-80-91
LEAK DETECTION PUMP (EXCEPT
BUILT-UP-EXPORT)............... 8W-80-91
LEFT COURTESY LAMP............. 8W-80-91
LEFT DOOR HANDLE COURTESY
LAMP.......................... 8W-80-92
LEFT FOG LAMP................... 8W-80-92
LEFT FRONT DOOR SPEAKER....... 8W-80-92
LEFT FRONT IMPACT SENSOR....... 8W-80-92
LEFT FRONT PARK LAMP........... 8W-80-92
LEFT FRONT PARK/TURN SIGNAL LAMP
(EXCEPT BUILT-UP-EXPORT)...... 8W-80-93
LEFT FRONT SIDE MARKER LAMP
(EXCEPT BUILT-UP-EXPORT)...... 8W-80-93
LEFT FRONT TURN SIGNAL LAMP
(BUILT-UP-EXPORT).............. 8W-80-93
LEFT FRONT WHEEL SPEED
SENSOR........................ 8W-80-93
LEFT HEADLAMP LEVELING MOTOR
(BUILT-UP-EXPORT).............. 8W-80-94
LEFT HIGH BEAM HEADLAMP....... 8W-80-94
LEFT INSTRUMENT PANEL SPEAKER . 8W-80-94
LEFT LIFTGATE AJAR SWITCH....... 8W-80-94
LEFT LOW BEAM HEADLAMP....... 8W-80-94
LEFT MULTI-FUNCTION SWITCH.... 8W-80-95
LEFT REAR DOOR LOCK
MOTOR/AJAR SWITCH............ 8W-80-95
LEFT REAR DOOR SPEAKER......... 8W-80-95
LEFT REAR LAMP ASSEMBLY........ 8W-80-95
LEFT REAR WHEEL SPEED
SENSOR........................ 8W-80-96
LEFT REMOTE RADIO SWITCH...... 8W-80-96
LEFT SIDE REPEATER LAMP
(BUILT-UP-EXPORT).............. 8W-80-96
LEFT VISOR/VANITY LAMP.......... 8W-80-96
LICENSE LAMP NO. 1.............. 8W-80-96
LICENSE LAMP NO. 2.............. 8W-80-97
LIFTGATE FLIP-UP AJAR SWITCH.... 8W-80-97
WJ8W-80 CONNECTOR PIN-OUT 8W - 80 - 3

Component Page
LIFTGATE FLIP-UP PUSH
BUTTON SWITCH................ 8W-80-97
LIFTGATE FLIP-UP RELEASE
SOLENOID...................... 8W-80-97
LIFTGATE POWER LOCK MOTOR..... 8W-80-97
LINE PRESSURE SENSOR (4.7L)...... 8W-80-98
MANIFOLD ABSOLUTE PRESSURE
SENSOR (4.0L)................... 8W-80-98
MANIFOLD ABSOLUTE PRESSURE
SENSOR (4.7L)................... 8W-80-98
MANUAL TEMPERATURE
CONTROL C1 (MTC).............. 8W-80-98
MANUAL TEMPERATURE
CONTROL C2 (MTC).............. 8W-80-99
MASS AIR FLOW SENSOR (DIESEL) . . . 8W-80-99
MODE DOOR MOTOR/ACTUATOR
(AZC).......................... 8W-80-99
NEEDLE MOVEMENT SENSOR
(DIESEL)....................... 8W-80-99
OUTPUT SPEED SENSOR (4.0L)...... 8W-80-99
OUTPUT SPEED SENSOR (4.7L)..... 8W-80-100
OVERHEAD MAP/COURTESY LAMP . . 8W-80-100
OXYGEN SENSOR 1/1 UPSTREAM.... 8W-80-100
OXYGEN SENSOR 1/2 DOWNSTREAM . 8W-80-100
OXYGEN SENSOR 2/1 UPSTREAM.... 8W-80-100
OXYGEN SENSOR 2/2
DOWNSTREAM................. 8W-80-101
PARK/NEUTRAL POSITION SWITCH
(4.0L).......................... 8W-80-101
PARK/NEUTRAL POSITION SWITCH
(DIESEL)...................... 8W-80-101
PASSENGER AIRBAG.............. 8W-80-101
PASSENGER BLEND DOOR
MOTOR/ACTUATOR (LHD) (AZC) . . . 8W-80-101
PASSENGER BLEND DOOR
MOTOR/ACTUATOR (RHD) (AZC) . . . 8W-80-102
PASSENGER CURTAIN AIRBAG...... 8W-80-102
PASSENGER DOOR LOCK MOTOR/AJAR
SWITCH....................... 8W-80-102
PASSENGER DOOR MODULE C1..... 8W-80-102
PASSENGER DOOR MODULE C2..... 8W-80-103
PASSENGER FRONT DOOR
COURTESY LAMP............... 8W-80-103
PASSENGER FRONT POWER
WINDOW MOTOR............... 8W-80-103
PASSENGER HEATED SEAT BACK
(PREMIUM I/III)................. 8W-80-103
PASSENGER HEATED SEAT CUSHION
(PREMIUM I/III)................. 8W-80-104
PASSENGER HEATED SEAT SWITCH . 8W-80-104
PASSENGER LUMBAR MOTOR
(MIDLINE/PREMIUM)............ 8W-80-104
PASSENGER LUMBAR SWITCH
(MIDLINE/PREMIUM)............ 8W-80-104
PASSENGER POWER MIRROR....... 8W-80-105Component Page
PASSENGER POWER SEAT FRONT
RISER MOTOR.................. 8W-80-105
PASSENGER POWER SEAT
HORIZONTAL MOTOR........... 8W-80-105
PASSENGER POWER SEAT REAR
RISER MOTOR.................. 8W-80-105
PASSENGER POWER SEAT RECLINER
MOTOR (MIDLINE/PREMIUM)..... 8W-80-106
PASSENGER POWER SEAT SWITCH
(MIDLINE/PREMIUM)............ 8W-80-106
PASSENGER REAR POWER
WINDOW MOTOR............... 8W-80-106
PASSENGER REAR POWER
WINDOW SWITCH............... 8W-80-106
PASSENGER SEAT BELT SWITCH.... 8W-80-106
PASSENGER SIDE IMPACT
SENSOR....................... 8W-80-107
POWER AMPLIFIER C1
(PREMIUM RADIO).............. 8W-80-107
POWER AMPLIFIER C2
(PREMIUM RADIO).............. 8W-80-107
POWER CONNECTOR.............. 8W-80-108
POWERTRAIN CONTROL
MODULE C1 (GAS).............. 8W-80-108
POWERTRAIN CONTROL
MODULE C2 (GAS).............. 8W-80-109
POWERTRAIN CONTROL
MODULE C3 (GAS).............. 8W-80-110
RADIATOR FAN MOTOR............ 8W-80-110
RADIATOR FAN RELAY............. 8W-80-111
RADIO C1........................ 8W-80-111
RADIO C2........................ 8W-80-111
RAIN SENSOR (AUTOWIPE)......... 8W-80-112
REAR POWER OUTLET............. 8W-80-112
REAR WASHER PUMP.............. 8W-80-112
REAR WIPER MOTOR.............. 8W-80-112
RECIRCULATION DOOR
MOTOR/ACTUATOR (AZC)......... 8W-80-112
RED BRAKE WARNING INDICATOR
SWITCH....................... 8W-80-113
REMOTE KEYLESS MODULE
(JAPAN)....................... 8W-80-113
RIGHT COURTESY LAMP........... 8W-80-113
RIGHT DOOR HANDLE
COURTESY LAMP............... 8W-80-113
RIGHT FOG LAMP................. 8W-80-113
RIGHT FRONT DOOR SPEAKER..... 8W-80-114
RIGHT FRONT IMPACT SENSOR..... 8W-80-114
RIGHT FRONT PARK LAMP......... 8W-80-114
RIGHT FRONT PARK/TURN SIGNAL LAMP
(EXCEPT BUILT-UP-EXPORT)...... 8W-80-114
RIGHT FRONT SIDE MARKER LAMP
(EXCEPT BUILT-UP-EXPORT)...... 8W-80-115
RIGHT FRONT TURN SIGNAL LAMP
(BUILT-UP-EXPORT)............. 8W-80-115
8W - 80 - 4 8W-80 CONNECTOR PIN-OUTWJ

ENGINE OIL PRESSURE SENSOR (GAS) - BLACK 3 WAY
CAV CIRCUIT FUNCTION
1 K6 18VT/BK 5 VOLT SUPPLY
2 G60 18GY/YL ENGINE OIL PRESSURE SENSOR SIGNAL
3 K4 18BK/LB SENSOR GROUND
EVAP/PURGE SOLENOID (GAS) - BLACK 2 WAY
CAV CIRCUIT FUNCTION
1 F12 20DB/WT FUSED IGNITION SWITCH OUTPUT (RUN-START)
2 K52 18PK/BK (RHD) DUTY CYCLE EVAP/PURGE SOLENOID CONTROL
2 K52 20PK/BK (LHD) DUTY CYCLE EVAP/PURGE SOLENOID CONTROL
FRONT POWER OUTLET - RED 3 WAY
CAV CIRCUIT FUNCTION
1 F85 16VT (RHD) FUSED B(+)
1 F85 16VT/WT (LHD) FUSED B(+)
2- -
3 Z300 16BK GROUND
FRONT WASHER PUMP - WHITE 2 WAY
CAV CIRCUIT FUNCTION
1 V10 20BR WASHER PUMP SWITCH SENSE
2 Z141 20BK GROUND
FRONT WIPER MOTOR - BLACK 6 WAY
CAV CIRCUIT FUNCTION
1 V6 16DB FUSED IGNITION SWITCH OUTPUT (RUN-ACC)
2 V55 16TN/RD WIPER PARK SWITCH SENSE
3- -
4 Z141 16BK GROUND
5 V3 16BR/WT WIPER HIGH/LOW RELAY LOW SPEED OUTPUT
6 V4 16RD/YL WIPER HIGH/LOW RELAY HIGH SPEED OUTPUT
8W - 80 - 78 8W-80 CONNECTOR PIN-OUTWJ

CONNECTOR NAME/
NUMBERCOLOR LOCATION FIG.
Driver Power Seat Horizontal
Motor Sensor (Premium II/III)BK At Driver Seat N/S
Driver Power Seat Rear Riser
MotorRD At Driver Seat N/S
Driver Power Seat Rear Riser
Motor Sensor (Premium II/III)BK At Driver Seat N/S
Driver Power Seat Recliner
MotorBK At Driver Seat N/S
Driver Power Seat Recliner
Motor Sensor (Premium II/III)BK At Driver Seat N/S
Driver Power Seat Switch
(Midline/Premium)GN At Driver Seat N/S
Driver Rear Power Window
MotorBK In Left Rear Door 28
Driver Rear Power Window
SwitchBL In Left Rear Door 28
Driver Seat Belt Switch At Switch N/S
EGR Solenoid (Diesel) BK Left Front Fender 7, 8
Electric Brake BL Near Junction Block N/S
Electronic Speed Control Servo BK Right Front of Engine Compartment 5
Engine Control Module C1
(Diesel)BK Left Front of Engine 7, 8
Engine Control Module C2
(Diesel)BK Left Front of Engine 7, 8
Engine Coolant Temperature
Sensor (Diesel)BK Top of Engine N/S
Engine Coolant Temperature
Sensor (GAS)BK Front of Engine 9, 13
Engine Oil Pressure Sensor BK Side of Engine 10, 11, 13
EVAP/Purge Solenoid BK Left Front Fender Near Controller
Antilock Brake3
Front Power Outlet RD Center of Instrument Panel 19, 20
Front Washer Pump WT Left Front of Engine Compartment 3, 4
Front Wiper Motor BK Left Side of Cowl 3, 4
Fuel Injector No.1 BK At Injector 7, 9, 13
Fuel Injector No.2 BK At Injector 7, 9, 14, 15
Fuel Injector No.3 BK At Injector 7, 9, 13
Fuel Injector No.4 BK At Injector 7, 9, 14, 15
Fuel Injector No.5 BK At Injector 9, 13
Fuel Injector No.6 BK At Injector 9, 14, 15
Fuel Injector No.7 (4.7L) BK At Injector 13
Fuel Injector No.8 (4.7L) BK At Injector 14, 15
Fuel Pressure Sensor (Diesel) BK Right Front of Engine N/S
Fuel Pressure Solenoid
(Diesel)BK Top of Engine N/S
WJ8W-91 CONNECTOR/GROUND/SPLICE LOCATION 8W - 91 - 5
CONNECTOR/GROUND/SPLICE LOCATION (Continued)

CONNECTOR NAME/
NUMBERCOLOR LOCATION FIG.
Passenger Power Seat Rear
Riser MotorRD At Passenger Seat N/S
Passenger Power Seat
Recliner Motor (Midline/
Premium)BK At Passenger Seat N/S
Passenger Power Seat Switch
(Midline/Premium)GN At Passenger Seat N/S
Passenger Rear Power
Window MotorBK In Right Rear Door 29
Passenger Rear Power
Window SwitchBL In Right Rear Door 29
Passenger Seat Belt Switch t Switch N/S
Power Amplifier - C1 WT Under Rear Seat 34, 36
Power Amplifier - C2 WT Under Rear Seat 34, 36
Power Connector WT Center of Instrument Panel 21, 22
Powertrain Control Module -
C1 (Gas)BK Rear of Engine Compartment 5, 10, 11, 14, 15, 18
Powertrain Control Module -
C2 (Gas)WT Rear of Engine Compartment 5, 10, 11, 14, 15, 18
Powertrain Control Module -
C3 (Gas)WT Rear of Engine Compartment N/S
Radiator Fan Motor BK At Radiator 5
Radiator Fan Relay BK Right Side of Engine Compartment 5
Radio - C1 GY Center of Instrument Panel 19, 20
Radio - C2 BK Center of Instrument Panel 19, 20
Rain Sensor BK Front Center Overhead N/S
Rear Power Outlet RD Right Rear Quarter Panel 37
Rear Washer Pump BK Left Front of Engine Compartment 3, 4
Rear Window Defogger BK Right Upper Coner of Liftgate 38
Rear Wiper Motor BK In Liftgate 38
Recirculation Door Motor/
Actuator (AZC)BK Center of Instrument Panel N/S
Red Brake Warning Indicator
SwitchGY At Master Cylinder 4
Remote Keyless Module
(Japan)BL In Driver Door 25
Right Courtesy Lamp BK At Lamp 20 21, 22
Right Curtain Airbag BK Near Right C Pillar 37
Right Door Handle Courtesy
LampBK At Lamp N/S
Right Fog Lamp BK At Right Front Fascia 5
Right Front Door Speaker WT In Right Front Door 25, 26
Right Front Impact Sensor BK Near Right Verticle Radiator Support N/S
Right Front Park Lamp WT At Lamp N/S
WJ8W-91 CONNECTOR/GROUND/SPLICE LOCATION 8W - 91 - 9
CONNECTOR/GROUND/SPLICE LOCATION (Continued)

GEAR
TABLE OF CONTENTS
page page
GEAR
DESCRIPTION.........................16
OPERATION...........................16
REMOVAL.............................16
INSTALLATION.........................16
ADJUSTMENTS
STEERING GEAR.....................18
SPECIFICATIONS
POWER STEERING GEAR..............18
SPECIAL TOOLS
POWER STEERING GEAR..............19
PITMAN SHAFT
REMOVAL.............................20INSTALLATION.........................20
PITMAN SHAFT BEARING
REMOVAL.............................22
INSTALLATION.........................22
PITMAN SHAFT SEAL
REMOVAL.............................22
INSTALLATION.........................23
RACK PISTON/VALVE ASSEMBLY
REMOVAL.............................23
INSTALLATION.........................25
STUB SHAFT HOUSING
REMOVAL.............................25
INSTALLATION.........................25
GEAR
DESCRIPTION
The power steering gear is a recirculating ball type
gear (Fig. 1) .
The following gear components can be serviced:
²Pitman Shaft and Cover
²Pitman Shaft Bearings
²Pitman Shaft Oil Seal/Dust Seal
²Stud Shaft Housing with Seal
²O-Rings and Teflon Rings
NOTE: If rack piston assembly is damaged the gear
must be replaced.
OPERATION
The gear acts as a rolling thread between the
worm shaft and rack piston. The worm shaft is sup-
ported by a thrust bearing at the lower end and a
bearing assembly at the upper end. When the worm
shaft is turned the rack piston moves. The rack pis-
ton teeth mesh with the pitman shaft. Turning the
worm shaft turns the pitman shaft, which turns the
steering linkage.
REMOVAL
(1) Place the front wheels in the straight ahead
position with the steering wheel centered and locked.
(2) Remove the air cleaner housing,(Refer to 9 -
ENGINE/AIR INTAKE SYSTEM/AIR CLEANER
HOUSING - REMOVAL).
(3) Drain or siphon the power steering system.(4) Remove the pressure and return lines (Fig.
2)from the steering gear. Refer to hose removal in
this section.
(5) Remove the column coupler shaft bolt (Fig.
2)and remove the shaft from the gear.
(6) Raise and support the vehicle.
(7) Remove the left front wheel and tire assembly.
(8) Remove the pitman arm from gear with Puller
C-4150A.
(9) Remove the windshield washer reservoir,(Refer
to 8 - ELECTRICAL/WIPERS/WASHERS/WASHER
RESERVOIR - REMOVAL).
(10) Remove the steering gear mounting bolts.
Remove the steering gear out of the engine compart-
ment (Fig. 3).
INSTALLATION
(1) Position the steering gear on the frame rail and
install the bolts. Tighten the bolts to 108 N´m (80 ft.
lbs.) torque.
(2) Install the pitman arm and tighten nut to 251
N´m (185 ft. lbs.).
(3) Install windshield washer reservoir,(Refer to 8 -
ELECTRICAL/WIPERS/WASHERS/WASHER RES-
ERVOIR - INSTALLATION).
(4) Install the wheel and tire assembly.
(5) Remove the support and lower the vehicle.
(6) Install the pressure and return hoses to the
steering gear and tighten to 20-38 N´m (14-28 ft.
lbs.).
(7) Install the column coupler shaft.
(8) Install the air cleaner housing,(Refer to 9 -
ENGINE/AIR INTAKE SYSTEM/AIR CLEANER
HOUSING - INSTALLATION).
19 - 16 GEARWJ

STUCTURAL ADHESIVE
LOCATIONS
SPECIFICATIONS - STRUCTURAL ADHESIVE
LOCATIONS
INDEX
DESCRIPTION FIGURE
COWL PLENUM 28
DASH PANEL AND FRONT FLOOR PAN 29
PLENUM AND WINDSHIELD WIPER MOUNTING 30
FRONT FLOOR PAN AND SILLS 31
FRONT AND CENTER FLOOR PAN 32
FRONT PAN AND INNER BODY SIDE APERTURE 33
REAR SEAT CROSSMEMBER 34
REAR INNER WHEELHOUSE 35
FLOOR PAN AND SILL ASSEMBLY 36
FLOOR PAN 37
REAR INNER WHEELHOUSE AND REAR FLOOR PAN 38
RIGHT INNER BODYSIDE APERTURE 39
BODY SIDE INNER PANEL AND WHEELHOUSE 40
BODY SIDE OUTER PANEL AND REAR WHEELHOUSE OUTER PANEL 41
D-PILLAR AND FUEL FILLER GUSSETS 42
LIFTGATE 43
TAILLAMP MOUNTING PANEL 44
TAILLAMP 45
REAR INNER CROSSMEMBER 46
ROOF BOWS 47
REAR LOWER HEADER 48
WJBODY STRUCTURE 23 - 137