(3) If the multi-function switch fails any of the
continuity or resistance tests, replace the switch.
REMOVAL
REMOVAL - LEFT MULTI-FUNCTION SWITCH
WARNING: ON VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH AIR-
BAGS, DISABLE THE AIRBAG SYSTEM BEFORE
ATTEMPTING ANY STEERING WHEEL, STEERING
COLUMN, OR INSTRUMENT PANEL COMPONENT
DIAGNOSIS OR SERVICE. DISCONNECT AND ISO-
LATE THE BATTERY NEGATIVE (GROUND) CABLE,
THEN WAIT TWO MINUTES FOR THE AIRBAG SYS-
TEM CAPACITOR TO DISCHARGE BEFORE PER-
FORMING FURTHER DIAGNOSIS OR SERVICE. THIS
IS THE ONLY SURE WAY TO DISABLE THE AIRBAG
SYSTEM. FAILURE TO TAKE THE PROPER PRE-
CAUTIONS COULD RESULT IN ACCIDENTAL AIR-
BAG DEPLOYMENT AND POSSIBLE PERSONAL
INJURY.
(1) Disconnect and isolate the battery negative
cable.
(2) Remove the lower tilting steering column
shroud (Fig. 24).
(3) Unsnap the two halves of the steering column
shroud, and remove.
(4) Disconnect the instrument panel wire harness
connector from the switch connector.
(5) Remove the screws that secure the left multi-
function switch to the housing (Fig. 25).
(6) Remove the left multi-function switch.
REMOVAL - MULTI-FUNCTION SWITCH
MOUNTING HOUSING
WARNING: ON VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH AIR-
BAGS, DISABLE THE AIRBAG SYSTEM BEFORE
ATTEMPTING ANY STEERING WHEEL, STEERING
COLUMN, OR INSTRUMENT PANEL COMPONENT
DIAGNOSIS OR SERVICE. DISCONNECT AND ISO-
LATE THE BATTERY NEGATIVE (GROUND) CABLE,
THEN WAIT TWO MINUTES FOR THE AIRBAG SYS-
TEM CAPACITOR TO DISCHARGE BEFORE PER-
FORMING FURTHER DIAGNOSIS OR SERVICE. THIS
IS THE ONLY SURE WAY TO DISABLE THE AIRBAG
SYSTEM. FAILURE TO TAKE THE PROPER PRE-
CAUTIONS COULD RESULT IN ACCIDENTAL AIR-
BAG DEPLOYMENT AND POSSIBLE PERSONAL
INJURY.
NOTE: Before starting this procedure, be certain to
turn the steering wheel until the front wheels are in
the straight-ahead position.(1) Disconnect and isolate the battery negative
cable.
Fig. 24 Steering Column Shrouds Remove/Install
1 - UPPER TILTING COLUMN SHROUD
2 - FIXED COLUMN SHROUD
3 - LOWER TILTING COLUMN SHROUD
4 - SCREW
Fig. 25 Left Multi-Function Switch Remove/Install
1 - SCREW (2)
2 - STEERING COLUMN
3 - MULTI-FUNCTION SWITCH MOUNTING HOUSING
4 - LEFT MULTI-FUNCTION SWITCH
8L - 22 LAMPS/LIGHTING - EXTERIORWJ
LEFT MULTI-FUNCTION SWITCH (Continued)
(4) Position the lower tilting steering column
shroud to the underside of the steering column (Fig.
29).
(5) Install and tighten the screw that secures the
lower steering column shroud housing. Tighten the
screw to 1.9 N´m (17 in. lbs.).
(6) Align the upper tilting steering column shroud
to the lower shroud and snap the two shroud halves
together.
(7) Reconnect the battery negative cable.
INSTALLATION - MULTI-FUNCTION SWITCH
MOUNTING HOUSING
WARNING: ON VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH AIR-
BAGS, DISABLE THE AIRBAG SYSTEM BEFORE
ATTEMPTING ANY STEERING WHEEL, STEERING
COLUMN, OR INSTRUMENT PANEL COMPONENT
DIAGNOSIS OR SERVICE. DISCONNECT AND ISO-
LATE THE BATTERY NEGATIVE (GROUND) CABLE,
THEN WAIT TWO MINUTES FOR THE AIRBAG SYS-
TEM CAPACITOR TO DISCHARGE BEFORE PER-
FORMING FURTHER DIAGNOSIS OR SERVICE. THIS
IS THE ONLY SURE WAY TO DISABLE THE AIRBAG
SYSTEM. FAILURE TO TAKE THE PROPER PRE-CAUTIONS COULD RESULT IN ACCIDENTAL AIR-
BAG DEPLOYMENT AND POSSIBLE PERSONAL
INJURY.
NOTE: Before starting this procedure, be certain
that the front wheels are still in the straight-ahead
position.
(1) Rotate the turn signal cancel cam in the multi-
function switch housing until the alignment hole in
the one cam lobe is aligned with the alignment hole
in the back of the housing. The oblong hole in the
hub of the cam should now be at the top, and the
locating tab in the hub of the cam should be at the
bottom (Fig. 30).
(2) Position the multi-function switch housing onto
the top of the steering column. The locating tab in
the hub of the turn signal cancel cam must be
engaged with the alignment groove in the bottom of
the upper steering column shaft.
(3) Install and tighten the screw that secures the
multi-function switch housing to the top of the col-
umn housing (Fig. 31). Tighten the screw to 1.9 N´m
(17 in. lbs.).
(4) Reinstall the right multi-function switch onto
the multi-function switch housing. (Refer to 8 -
ELECTRICAL/WIPERS/WASHERS/RIGHT MULTI-
FUNCTION SWITCH - INSTALLATION).
(5) Reinstall the left multi-function switch onto the
multi-function switch housing. (Refer to 8 - ELEC-
TRICAL/LAMPS/LIGHTING - EXTERIOR/LEFT
Fig. 29 Steering Column Shrouds Remove/Install
1 - UPPER TILTING COLUMN SHROUD
2 - FIXED COLUMN SHROUD
3 - LOWER TILTING COLUMN SHROUD
4 - SCREW
Fig. 30 Turn Signal Cancel Cam Alignment
1 - ALIGNMENT HOLE
2 - MULTI-FUNCTION SWITCH MOUNTING HOUSING
3 - ALIGNMENT HOLE
4 - TURN SIGNAL CANCEL CAM
5 - LOCATING TAB
6 - WASHER
7 - TURN SIGNAL SWITCH CANCEL ACTUATOR
8L - 24 LAMPS/LIGHTING - EXTERIORWJ
LEFT MULTI-FUNCTION SWITCH (Continued)
MULTI-FUNCTION SWITCH - INSTALLATION -
LEFT MULTI-FUNCTION SWITCH).
(6) Reinstall the clockspring onto the multi-func-
tion switch housing. (Refer to 8 - ELECTRICAL/RE-
STRAINTS/CLOCKSPRING - INSTALLATION).
(7) Reconnect the battery negative cable.
PARK/TURN SIGNAL LAMP
REMOVAL - BULBS
(1) Remove the headlamp module.
(2) Rotate the turn signal bulb socket 1/4 turn
counter clockwise.
(3) Remove the bulb socket from module.
(4) Remove the bulb from socket.
INSTALLATION - BULBS
(1) Press the bulb into socket.
(2) Position the bulb socket in module.
(3) Rotate the turn signal bulb socket 1/4 turn
clockwise.
(4) Install the headlamp module.
TAIL LAMP
DESCRIPTION
The taillamp module contains a housing, lens, and
three bulbs. A dual filament bulb is used for tail and
stop functions. A single filament bulb is used for turn
signal operations. A separate bulb is used for back-up
illumination.
OPERATION
All exterior lighting function are controlled by the
multifunction switch. Stop lamp functions are con-
trolled by the stoplamp switch. The back-up lamps
are controlled by the back-up lamp switch.
REMOVAL
REMOVAL - BULBS
The brake, turn signal, back-up, and side marker
lamp bulbs are incorporated into the tail lamp.
(1) Remove the tail lamp.
(2) Rotate the bulb socket counterclockwise.
(3) Separate the socket from the lamp
(4) Remove the bulb from the socket (Fig. 32).
REMOVAL - LAMP
The brake, turn signal, back-up, and side marker
lamps are incorporated in the tail lamp.
(1) Remove the screws attaching the lamp to body
(Fig. 33).
(2) Disengage the lamp from the alignment pin.
(3) Disconnect lamp wire harness connector.
(4) Separate lamp from vehicle.
Fig. 31 Multi-Function Switch Mounting Housing
Screw Remove/Install
1 - CLOCK SPRING
2 - SCREW
3 - MULTI-FUNCTION SWITCH MOUNTING HOUSING
Fig. 32 Tail Lamp Bulbs
1 - TAIL/STOP BULB
2 - TAIL LAMP
3 - BACK-UP BULB
4 - TURN SIGNAL BULB
WJLAMPS/LIGHTING - EXTERIOR 8L - 25
LEFT MULTI-FUNCTION SWITCH (Continued)
INSTALLATION
INSTALLATION - BULBS
(1) Position the bulb in socket and push into place.
(2) Position the bulb socket in the lamp and rotate
clockwise.
(3) Install the lamp.
INSTALLATION - LAMP
The brake, turn signal, back-up, and side marker
lamps are incorporated in the tail lamp.
(1) Position the lamp.
(2) Connect the lamp wire harness connector.
(3) Align the pin with the retainer and press the
lamp inward to engage.
(4) Install the screws attaching the lamp to body.
TURN SIGNAL CANCEL CAM
DESCRIPTION
The turn signal cancel cam is concealed within the
multi-function switch housing below the steering
wheel and the clockspring mechanism. The turn sig-
nal cancel cam consists of a disc unit with two inte-
gral lobes. The upper lobe of the cam has an
alignment hole that is used to align it with another
hole in the back of the multi-function switch mount-
ing housing. The upper surface of the turn signal
cancel cam features three holes, two round and one
oblong. These holes engage and key the cancel cam to
three matching pins in the hub of the clockspring
mechanism. The hub of the clockspring and the turn
signal cancel cam rotate with the steering wheel. The
centered clockspring housing is then secured to the
multi-function switch mounting housing over the top
of the turn signal cancel cam.
The turn signal cancel cam is serviced as a assem-
bly with the multi-function switch housing. The turn
signal cancel cam cannot be repaired and, if faulty or
damaged, the multi-function switch mounting hous-
ing unit must be replaced. (Refer to 8 - ELECTRI-
CAL/LAMPS/LIGHTING - EXTERIOR/LEFT MULTI-
FUNCTION SWITCH - REMOVAL - MULTI-
FUNCTION SWITCH MOUNTING HOUSING).
OPERATION
The turn signal cancel cam has two lobes. When
the turn signals are activated by moving the left
multi-function switch control stalk to a detent posi-
tion, a turn signal cancel actuator is extended from
the inside surface of the multi-function switch hous-
ing toward the center of the steering column and the
turn signal cancel cam. When the steering wheel is
rotated during a turning maneuver, one of the two
turn signal cancel cam lobes will contact the turn sig-
nal cancel actuator. The cancel actuator latches
against the cancel cam rotation in the direction oppo-
site that which is signaled.
Fig. 33 Tail Lamp
1 - CONNECTOR
2 - RETAINER
3 - TAILLAMP (STOP, TURN, BACK-UP, SIDE MARKER)
4 - PIN
8L - 26 LAMPS/LIGHTING - EXTERIORWJ
TAIL LAMP (Continued)
READING LAMP
DESCRIPTION
The overhead console in this vehicle is equipped
with two individual reading and courtesy lamps.Each
lamp has its own switch, bulb, reflector and lens; but
both lamps share a common lamp housing within the
overhead console.
The overhead console reading and courtesy lamps
operate on battery current that is provided at all
times, regardless of the ignition switch position. The
ground feed for the lamps is switched through the
integral reading and courtesy lamp switches or
through the door jamb switches.
The reading and courtesy lamp lenses and the
lamp housing and reflector unit are serviced only as
a unit with the overhead console housing.The reading
and courtesy lamp switches, bulb holders and wiring
are only available as part of the overhead console
wire harness.
For service of the reading and courtesy lamp bulbs,
(Refer to 8 - ELECTRICAL/LAMPS/LIGHTING -
INTERIOR/READING LAMP - REMOVAL). For diag-
nosis of the reading and courtesy lamps, refer to the
appropriate wiring information.
OPERATION
All reading and courtesy lamps located in the over-
head console are activated by the door jamb switches.
When all of the doors are closed, these lamps can be
individually activated by depressing the correspond-
ing lens. When any door is open, depressing the lamp
lenses to activate the lamp switches will not turn the
lamps off.
REMOVAL
(1) Remove the overhead console.
(2) Rotate the console until the bulb is visible (Fig.
2).
(3) Grasp the bulb and remove from the socket.
INSTALLATION
(1) Push the bulb into the bulb socket.
(2) Install the console on the headliner and roof
panel.
(3) Align the screw hole and install the screw.
TRANS RANGE INDICATOR
ILLUMINATION
DESCRIPTION
The Transmission Range Indicator Lamp, mounted
on the floor console, uses electroluminescent technol-ogy as the light source. This lamp requires a 120 volt
AC signal that is provided by a power converter
included as part of the assembly. The module is not
serviceable separately. Because of a potential shock
hazard, diagnostic testing of the lamp assembly
should be avoided. Refer to TRANSMISSION, Range
Selector Assembly Removal and Installation.
VANITY LAMP
REMOVAL
(1) Fold down the visor.
(2) Using a small flat blade, and staring at the
base of the lamp assembly, carefully pry the base of
the lamp from the visor.
(3) Disconnect the vanity lamp visor and remove
the lamp from the vehicle.
INSTALLATION
(1) Position the lamp at the visor and connect the
wire connector.
(2) Press the lamp in place.
Fig. 2 Overhead Console Reading Lamp Bulb
1 - BULB
8L - 32 LAMPS/LIGHTING - INTERIORWJ
(2) Remove the overhead console from the head-
liner (Refer to 8 - ELECTRICAL/OVERHEAD CON-
SOLE - REMOVAL).(3) Remove the lamp and socket assembly from the
overhead console.
(4) Remove the lamp bulb by pulling it straight
out of its socket.
STANDARD PROCEDURE - MODULE LENS
REPLACEMENT
(1) Remove the overhead console (Refer to 8 -
ELECTRICAL/OVERHEAD CONSOLE - REMOV-
AL).
(2) Remove the electronics module from the over-
head console. Refer to the procedure in this section.
(3) Unsnap the lens from the module and replace
lens as necessary.
STANDARD PROCEDURE - ELECTRONIC
VEHICLE INFORMATION CENTER
PROGRAMMING
EVIC PROGRAMMING MODE
The Electronic Vehicle Information Center (EVIC)
provides the vehicle operator with a user interface,
which allows the selection of several optional cus-
tomer programmable electronic features to suit indi-
vidual preferences. The EVIC must be placed into its
programming mode in order to view or change the
programmable features. To enter the EVIC program-
ming mode and to view or change the selected pro-
grammable features options, proceed as follows:
(1) Turn the ignition switch to the On position.
(2) Depress and release the Menu push button.
The first item in the programmable features menu
list will appear in the EVIC display.
(3) Momentarily depress and release the Menu
push button to step through the programmable fea-
tures list. Each programmable feature and its cur-
rently selected option will appear on the EVIC
display in the sequence shown in the Programmable
Features list that follows.
(4) Momentarily depress and release the Step push
button to step through the available options for the
programmable feature being displayed.
(5) The option that last appears in the display
with a programmable feature before exiting the pro-
gramming mode, becomes the newly selected pro-
grammable feature option.
(6) The EVIC exits the programming mode and
returns to its normal operating mode when the C/T
push button is depressed or when the end of the pro-
grammable features menu list is reached, whichever
occurs first.
Fig. 1 Overhead Console
1 - POWER SUNROOF SWITCH (IF EQUIPPED)
2 - READING AND COURTESY LAMPS
3 - UNIVERSAL GARAGE DOOR OPENER PUSH BUTTONS (IF
EQUIPPED)
4 - SCREW
5 - ELECTRONIC VEHICLE INFORMATION CENTER PUSH
BUTTONS
Fig. 2 Top of Overhead Console
1 - OVERHEAD CONSOLE HOUSING
2 - EVIC MODULE
3 - ILLUMINATION LAMPS
4 - SCREWS (4)
8M - 2 MESSAGE SYSTEMSWJ
OVERHEAD CONSOLE (Continued)
PROGRAMMABLE FEATURES
²LANGUAGE?-The options include English,
Francaise, Deutsch, Italiana, or Espanol. The default is
English. All EVIC display nomenclature, including the
trip computer functions, warning messages and the pro-
grammable features appear in the selected language.
²DISPLAY U.S. OR METRIC?- The options
include U.S. and M. The default is U.S. This feature
toggles the trip computer temperature, fuel economy
and odometer display readings between U.S. and
metric units of measure. It also changes the odome-
ter display in the instrument cluster.
²AUTO DOOR LOCKS?- The options include
Yes and No. The default is Yes. When Yes is selected,
all doors and the liftgate lock automatically when
vehicle speed reaches 25 kilometers-per-hour (15
miles-per-hour). If YES is selected, a second program-
mable feature appears,AUTO UNLOCK ON EXIT?
- The options again include Yes and No. The default
is No. When Yes is selected, following each Auto Door
Lock event all doors and the liftgate will automati-
cally unlock when the driver door is opened, if the
vehicle is stopped and the transmission gear selector
is in Park or Neutral. The Auto Door Unlock event
will only occur once following each Auto Door Lock
event.
²REMOTE UNLOCK- The options include
Driver Door 1st and All Doors. The default is Driver
Door 1st. When Diver Door 1st is selected, only the
driver door unlocks when the Unlock button of the
Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) transmitter is
depressed once. The Unlock button of the RKE trans-
mitter must be depressed twice to unlock all doors
and the liftgate. When All Doors is selected, all doors
and the liftgate unlock when the Unlock button of
the RKE transmitter is depressed once.
²REMOTE LINKED TO MEMORY?- This pro-
grammable feature only applies to vehicles equipped
with the optional memory system. The options
include Yes and No. The default is No. When Yes is
selected, the memory system will recall the Driver 1
or Driver 2 memory settings assigned to the RKE
transmitter being used to unlock the vehicle. When
No is selected, the memory system will only recall
memory settings when the Driver 1 or Driver 2 push
buttons of the memory switch on the driver side front
door trim panel are depressed.
²SOUND HORN ON LOCK?- The options
include Yes and No. The default is No. When Yes is
selected, a short horn chirp will provide an audible
confirmation when the RKE receiver recognizes a
valid Lock signal from an RKE transmitter. When No
is selected, no horn chirp will occur with the RKE
Lock event. This feature may be selected indepen-
dent of theFLASH LIGHTS WITH LOCKS?pro-
grammable feature.²FLASH LIGHTS WITH LOCKS?- The options
include Yes and No. The default is Yes. When Yes is
selected, a single flash of the hazard warning lamps
will provide an optical confirmation when the RKE
receiver recognizes a valid Lock signal from an RKE
transmitter, and two flashes of the same lamps will
occur when the RKE receiver recognizes a valid
Unlock signal from an RKE transmitter. When No is
selected, no lamp flash will occur with the RKE Lock
or Unlock event. This feature may be selected inde-
pendent of theSOUND HORN ON LOCK?pro-
grammable feature.
²HEADLAMP DELAY =- The options include
Off, 30 Sec, 60 Sec, and 90 Sec. The default is 90 Sec.
When a time interval is selected, the headlamps will
remain on for that length of time when the head-
lamps are turned off after the ignition is turned off,
or if the Auto mode is selected on vehicles with the
Auto Headlamps option. When Off is selected, the
headlamp delay feature is disabled.
²HEADLAMPS ON WITH WIPERS?- This pro-
grammable feature only applies to vehicles equipped
with the optional Auto Headlamps. The options
include Yes and No. The default is No. When Yes is
selected, the headlamps will turn on automatically
when the windshield wipers are turned on. The head-
lamps will turn off when the wipers are turned off,
as long as the headlamp switch is in the Auto or Off
positions. When No is selected, the headlamps will
only turn on if manually selected or if the Auto mode
is selected and the outside ambient light levels dic-
tate that they should be on.
²SERVICE INTV. =- The options include from
1000 to 12000 kilometers in 1000 kilometer incre-
ments (2000 to 7500 miles in 500 mile increments).
The default is 12000 kilometers (7500 miles). The
selected distance becomes the interval at which the
Perform Service warning message will be displayed
by the EVIC. If a new distance is selected, a second
programmable feature appears,RESET SERVICE
DISTANCE?- The options include No and Yes. The
default is Yes. When Yes is selected, the accumulated
distance since the last previous Perform Service
warning message will be reset to zero because the
service interval has been changed. When No is
selected, the distance until the next Perform Service
warning message is reduced by the accumulated dis-
tance since the last previous message.
²LOW FUEL CHIME?- The options include Yes
and No. The default is Yes. When Yes is selected, a
single chime will sound as an audible alert whenever
the instrument cluster low fuel warning lamp lights.
The chime will sound only once per ignition cycle.
When No is selected, only the low fuel warning lamp
in the instrument cluster will light and no chime will
sound.
WJMESSAGE SYSTEMS 8M - 3
OVERHEAD CONSOLE (Continued)
²RETRAIN TIRE SENSORS?- This program-
mable feature only applies to vehicles equipped with
the optional tire pressure monitoring system. The
options include Yes and No. The default is No. When
Yes is selected and the menu button is depressed, the
EVIC will enter the training mode starting with the
left front tire.
²EASY EXIT SEAT?- This programmable fea-
ture only applies to vehicles equipped with the
optional memory system. The options include Yes and
No. The default is No. When Yes is selected, the
driver seat moves rearward about 55 millimeters
(two inches) or to the farthest rearward position,
whichever comes first, when the key is removed from
the ignition switch lock cylinder. This provides addi-
tional ease for exiting from the vehicle. The seat will
automatically return to the memory system setting
position when the Driver 1 or Driver 2 button of the
memory switch on the door panel is depressed or, if
theREMOTE LINKED TO MEMORYprogramma-
ble feature is enabled, when the RKE Unlock button
is depressed. While not automatic, an easy entry fea-
ture can be obtained by enabling theEASY EXIT
SEATfeature and disabling theREMOTE LINKED
TO MEMORYfeature. Then theEASY EXIT SEAT
feature will move the seat back, but the RKE unlock
event will not reposition the seat. Thus, the seat
remains positioned for easy entry, and the memory
switch on the door panel can be depressed after
entering the vehicle to return the seat to the desired
memory position.
STANDARD PROCEDURE - COMPASS
DEMAGNETIZING
A degaussing tool (Special Tool 6029) is used to
demagnetize, or degauss, the overhead console for-
ward mounting screw and the roof panel above the
overhead console. Equivalent units must be rated as
continuous duty for 110/115 volts and 60 Hz. They
must also have a field strength of over 350 gauss at 7
millimeters (0.25 inch) beyond the tip of the probe.
To demagnetize the roof panel and the overhead
console forward mounting screw, proceed as follows:
(1) Be certain that the ignition switch is in the Off
position, before you begin the demagnetizing proce-
dure.
(2) Connect the degaussing tool to an electrical
outlet, while keeping the tool at least 61 centimeters
(2 feet) away from the compass unit.
(3) Slowly approach the head of the overhead con-
sole forward mounting screw with the degaussing
tool connected.
(4) Contact the head of the screw with the plastic
coated tip of the degaussing tool for about two sec-
onds.(5) With the degaussing tool still energized, slowly
back it away from the screw. When the tip of the tool
is at least 61 centimeters (2 feet) from the screw
head, disconnect the tool.
(6) Place a piece of paper approximately 22 by 28
centimeters (8.5 by 11 inches), oriented on the vehicle
lengthwise from front to rear, on the center line of
the roof at the windshield header (Fig. 3). The pur-
pose of the paper is to protect the roof panel from
scratches, and to define the area to be demagnetized.
(7) Connect the degaussing tool to an electrical
outlet, while keeping the tool at least 61 centimeters
(2 feet) away from the compass unit.
(8) Slowly approach the center line of the roof
panel at the windshield header, with the degaussing
tool connected.
(9) Contact the roof panel with the plastic coated
tip of the degaussing tool. Be sure that the template
is in place to avoid scratching the roof panel. Using a
slow, back-and-forth sweeping motion, and allowing
13 millimeters (0.50 inch) between passes, move the
tool at least 11 centimeters (4 inches) to each side of
the roof center line, and 28 centimeters (11 inches)
back from the windshield header.
(10) With the degaussing tool still energized,
slowly back it away from the roof panel. When the
Fig. 3 Roof Demagnetizing Pattern
8M - 4 MESSAGE SYSTEMSWJ
OVERHEAD CONSOLE (Continued)