1999 BMW 540i fuel

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OBD-6
On-Board Diagnostics
Fuel system monitoring. This monitor looks at the fuel
delivery needed (long
/short term fuel trim) for proper engine
operation based on programmed data. If too much or not
enough fuel is delivered over a predetermined time, a DTC is
set and the MIL illuminates.
Fuel trim refers to adiustments to base fuel schedule.
Lono- ., term fuel trim refers to gradual adjustments to the fuel
calibration adjustment as compared to short term fuel trim.
Long term fuel trim adjustments compensate for gradual
changes that occur over time.
Fuel system monitoring monitors the calculated injection time
(ti) in relation to enginespeed, load and precatalyticconverter
oxygen
sensor(s) signals.
Using this data, the system optimizes fuel delivery for all
engine operating conditions.
Evaporative system monitoring. This monitor checks the
the fuel storage system and related fuel lines for leaks. It can
detect very small leaks anywhere in the system.
A leak detection unit (LDP or DMTL) is used to pressurize the
evaporative control system on a continuous basis (as the
drive cycle allows) and to
check system integrity.
Drive cycle
The OED II drive cycle is an important concept in
understanding OBD
II requirements. The purpose of the drive
cycle is to run ail of the emission-related on-board diagnostics
over a broad range of driving conditions.
A drive cycle is considered complete when all of the
diagnostic monitors have run their tests without interruption.
~ora drive cycle to be initiated, the vehicle must be started
cold and brought up to
1 60°F and at least 40°F above its
original starting temperature.
Readiness codes
Inspection/maintenance (I/M) readiness codes are mandated
as part of OBD
II. The readiness code is stored aftercomplete
diagnostic monitoring of specified components and systems
is carried out. The readiness code function was designed to
prevent manipulating an
I/M emission test procedure by
clearing faults codes or disconnecting the ECM or battery.

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On-Board Diagnostics
Readiness codes indicate whether the OED Ii system is
actually ready to monitor the various emission control
systems on the vehicle. The vehicle must complete a drive
cycle to set readiness codes. The code is binary:
0 for ready
1 for not ready
f
4 The parameters which are monitored for readiness are:
llM readiness codes
1. Catalyst efficiency
2. Catalyst heating
3. Fuel tank evaporative control
4. Secondary air injection
5.
NC refrigerant
6. Oxygen sensors
7. Oxygen sensor heaters
8. Exhaust gas recirculation
Readiness codes are set to 1 (not ready) in the following
cases:
~9~~.f~[<+t~t~p:,~;:#j~~{]~y~ ,,... , , 8701Dbd001
The battery or ECM is disconnected.
When
all zeros are displayed, the system has established
DTCs are erased after completion of repairs and a drive
cycle is not completed.
readiness. Readiness codes
can be displayed using BMW
and aftermarket scan tools.
An
OED II scan tool can be used to determine IIM readiness.
Diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs)
SAE standard J2012 mandates a 5-digit diagnostic trouble
code (DTC) standard. Each digit represents a specific value.
Emission related DTCs
start with the letter P for power train.
When the engine service
light (MIL) is illuminated it indicates
that a DTC has been stored.
DTCs are stored as soon as they occur, whether or not the
engine service light illuminates.
DTCs store and display a time stamp.
DTCs record the current fault status: Present, not currently
present, or intermittent.

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OBD-8
I On-Board Diagnostics
DTC digit interpretation
1st digit
P powertrain
B body
C chassis
2nd digit
0 SAE
1 BMW
3rd digit
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
4th - 5th digits total
system
airlfuei induction
fuel injection
ignition system or misfire
auxiliary emission control
vehicle speed
& idle control
ECM
inputs/outputs
transmission
individual circuits or
components
DTC example: P 0 3 0 6
P: A powertrain problem
0: SAE sanctioned or 'generic'
a 3: Related to an ignition system / misfire
06 Misfire detected at cylinder #6
DTCs provide a freeze frame or snap-shot of a vehicle
performance or emissions fault at the moment that the fault
first occurs. This information is accessible through generic
OED I1 scan tools.
Freeze frame data contains, but is not limited to, the following
information:
Engine load (calculated)
Engine rpm
Short and
long term fuel trim
Vehicle speed
Coolant temperature Intake manifold pressure
Open/closed loop operation
Fuel pressure (if available)
DTC

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OBD-14
I On-Board Diagnostics
I Engine diagnostic trouble codes: M52 engine (continued) - - -
P-code IBMW-FC ~DTC Definition
PO133
PO134
PO135
PO136
PO136
PO136
PO139
PO141
I I
PO150 1155 102 Sensor Circuit (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
I
I
229
186
25
156
157
215
220 61
PO150 02
Sensor Circuit
Slow Response (Banlc 1 Sensor 1)
02 Sensor Circuit No Activity Detected
(Bank 1 Sensor 1)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
02 Sensor Circuit
(Banlc 1 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Circuit (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Circuit (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Circuit Slow Response
(Bank 1 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit
(Bank 1 Sensor 2)
PO153
PO154
PO155
PO156
PO156
PO156
PO150 1154 102 Sensor Circuit (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
153
PO159
PO161
PO170
02
Sensor Circuit (Banic 2 Sensor 1)
230
187
55
159
160
21 6
p~-~~--~ PO173
PO201
PO202
PO203
PO204
PO205
PO206
02 Sensor Circuit Slow Response (Banlc 2 Sensor 1)
02 Sensor Circuit No Activity Detected (Bank 2 Sensor
1)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
02 Sensor Circuit (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Circuit (Banlc 2 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Circuit (Banlc 2 Sensor 2)
221
79
202 02
Sensor Circuit Slow Response (Banic 2 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit
(Banic 2 Sensor 2)
Fuel Trim
(Banic 1)
203
6
5
22
24
33
23
Fuel Trim (Banic 2)
injector
Circuitlopen -Cylinder 1
injector
Circuitlopen - Cylinder 2
injector
Circuitlopen -Cylinder 3
Injector
Circuitlopen - Cylinder 4
injector
Circuitlopen - Cylinder 5
lniector
CircuitlOpen - Cvlinder 6

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OBD-15
On-Board ~iagnosticsl
Engine diagnostic trouble codes: M52 engine (continued)
P-code
PO340
PO412
PO420
PO430
PO440
PO441
PO442
PO443
PO500
PO505
PO600
PO601
PO601
I PO601
~1132
~1133
BMW-FC
65
62
233
234
250 144
-
145
68
214
i I
DTC Definition
Camshalt Position Sensor 'A' Circuit (Bank 1 or Single Sensor)
Secondary Air Injection System Switching Valve A Circuit
Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold
(Bank 1)
Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 2)
Evaporative Emission System
Eva~orative Emission Svstem Incorrect Purge Flow .
Evaporative Emission System Leak Detected (small leak)
Evaporative Emission System Purge Control Valve Circuit
Vehicle Speed Sensor 'A'
204
21 7
100
170
171
188
189
PI161
PI180
PI181
PI184
PI185
PI178
02 Sensor Heater Control Circuit (Bank 2 Sensor 2) I
idle Air Control System
Serial Communication
Link
Internal Control Module Memory Check Sum Error
Internal Control Module Memory
Check Sum Error
Internal Control Module Memory
Check Sum Error
02 Sensor Heater Control Circuit (Bank 1 Sensor
1)
02 Sensor Heater Control Circuit (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit RangeIPerlormance Problem PI140
I
I I
P1188 1227 I Fuel Control (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
PI145 150 /Solenoid Valve Running Losses Control Circuit Electrical
149
122
223
224
220 221
231
I I
P1189 1228 I Fuel Control (Banlc 2 Sensor 1)
Fuel Trim Adaptation Additive High (Bank 2) (M52: Engine Oil Temperature Sensor Circuit)
02 Sensor Signal Circuit Slow Switching from Rich to Lean
(Bank 1 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Signal Circuit Slow Switching from Rich to Lean
(Bank 2 Sensor 2)
H02S Sensor Voltage Excursion Electrical (Banlc 1 Sensor 1)
HO2S Sensor Voltage Excursion Electrical (Banlc 2 Sensor 1)
02 Sensor Sianai Circuit Slow Switchina from Rich to Lean (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
02 Sensor Signal Circuit Slow Switching from Rich to Lean (Bank 2 Sensor 1) PI179
I I
PI190 1235 I Pre Catalyst Fuel Trim System (Banlc 1)
PI186 1190 102 Sensor Heater Control Circuit (Banlc 1 Sensor 2)
232
I I
PI191 1236 I Pre
Catalyst Fuel Trim System (Banlc 2)
PI192
. . -- - i Pi193 1226 I Post Catalvst Fuel Trim Svstem (Bank 2)
225
PI397
I I
Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System (Bank 1)
PI421 1246 /Secondarv Air System (Bank 2)
18
Secondary Air System (Bank
1) PI423
Camshaft Position Sensor '0' Circuit (Bank 1)
I 245

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On-Board ~ia~nosticsl
Engine diagnostic trouble codes: M54 engine (continued) I -.
P-code BMW-FC Explanation
PO223 113 ThrottlelPedal Position SensorlSwitch '0' Circuit High
PO261 / Cylinder 1 Injector Circuit Low
PO271 Cylinder 4 Injector Circuit High
PO273 Cylinder 5 Injector Circuit Low
Cylinder 2 Injector Circuit High
Cylinder 3 Injector Circuit
Low
Cylinder 3 Injector Circuit High
Cylinder 4
iniector Circuit Low
PO265
PO267
PO268
PO270
, I
PO277 1 23 1 Cylinder 6 Injector Circuit High
5
22
22
24
I I
PO274
PO301
PO302
PO303
PO304
PO276 1 23 I Cylinder 6 Injector Circuit Low
33
I
I -
I I
PO31 3 1 240 I Misfire Detected with Low Fuel Cylinder 5 Injector Circuit High
238
239
240
241
PO305
I I
Cylinder 1 Misfire Detected
Cylinder 2 Misfire Detected
Cylinder 3 Misfire Detected
Cylinder 4 Misfire Detected
PO313
PO306 1 243 I Cylinder 6 Misfire Detected
242
PO313
PO313
PO31 3
PO327
Cylinder 5 Misfire
Detected
PO31 3 1239 I Misfire Detected with Low Fuel
238
PO332
PO335
PO339 - PO340
Misfire Detected with Low Fuel
241
242
243
57
PO344
PO365
PO369
PO41 3
PO414
PO420
Misfire Detected with Low Fuel
Misfire Detected with Low Fuel
Misfire Detected with Low Fuel
Knock Sensor 1 Circuit Low
(Banlc 1 or Sinale Sensor)
59
83
83
65
-
Knoclc Sensor 2 Circuit Low (Banlc 2)
Crankshaft Position Sensor
'A' Circuit
Crankshaft Position Sensor
'A' Circuit Intermittent
Camshaft Position Sensor 'A' Circuit (Bank 1 or Single Sensor)
65
18
18
62
62
233 Camshaft Position Sensor
'A' Circuit Intermittent (Bank 1
or Single Sensor)
Camshaft Position Sensor
'B' Circuit (Banlc 1)
Camshaft Position Sensor 'B' Circuit Intermittent (Bank 1)
Secondary Air Injection System Switching Valve A Circuit Open
Secondary Air
Injection System Switching Valve A Circuit Shorted
Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 1)

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I On-Board Diagnostics
Engine diagnostic trouble codes: M54 engine (continued)
P-code
BMW-FC Explanation
Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 2)
PO430
PO443
PO444
PO445
PO455
PO456
PO491
PO492
PO500
PO441 1250 / Evaporative Emission System Incorrect Purge Flow
234
I I
68
68
68 143
143
245
246
214
PO604
PI083
PI084
PI085
PI086
Evaporative Emission System Purge Control Valve Circuit
Evaporative Emission System Purge Control Valve Circuit Open
Evaporative Emission System Purge Control Valve Circuit Shorted
Evaporative Emission System Leak Detected (large leak)
Evaporative Emission System Leak Detected (very
small leak)
Secondary Air injection System Insufficient Flow (Bani( 1)
Secondary Air Injection System insufficient Flow
(Banic 2)
Vehicle Speed Sensor
'A'
Idle Air Control System PO505
.
PI 087
PI 088
PI089
PI090
PO600 / 217 I Serial Communication Link
204
100
202
202
203
203
PI091
PI092
PI093
PI094
Pllll
PI112
PI120
Internal Control Module Random Access Memory (RAM) Error
Fuel Control Limit Mixture Too Lean (Bank 1 Sensor
1)
Fuel Control Limit Mixture Too Rich (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
Fuel Control Limit Mixture Too Lean (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
Fuel Control Limit Mixture Too Rich (Banic 2 Sensor 1) ~ ~
229
229
230 235
PI121
PI122
PI123
02 Sensor Circuit Slow Response in Lean Control Range (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
02 Sensor Circuit Slow Response in Rich Control Range (Bank 1 Sensor
1)
02 Sensor Circuit Slow Response in Lean Control Range (Banlc 1 Sensor 2)
Pre Catalyst Fuel Trim System Too Lean
(Bank 1)
236
235
236
230
11
11
114
PI134
PI135
PI136
PI137
PI138
Pre Catalyst Fuel Trim System Too Lean (Banic 2)
Pre Catalyst Fuel Trim System Too Rich
(Bank 1)
Pre Catalyst Fuel Trim System Too Rich (Bank 2)
02 Sensor Circuit Slow Response in Rich Control Range (Banic 2 Sensor 1)
Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor Radiator Outlet Low Input
Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor Radiator Outlet High Input
Pedal Position Sensor Circuit
117
110
110
25
25
25
79
79 Pedal Position Sensor 1
RangeIPerformance Problem
Pedal Position Sensor 1 Low Input
Pedal Position Sensor 1 High Input
02 Sensor Heater Circuit Signal Intermittent (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor
1)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit Signal Intermittent (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit Low Voltage
(Banic 1 Sensor 2)
-
-

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OBD-21
On-Board
~ia~nosticsl
Engine diagnostic trouble codes: M54 engine (continued)
P-code
BMW-FC Explanation
I I
PI314 / 202 / Fuel Mixture Deviation Detected with Low Fuel
I I
02 Sensor Heater Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Activity Check Signal Too High (Banlc 1 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Activity Check Signal Too Low (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Activity Check Signal Too High (Banlc 2 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Activity Check Signal Too Low (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit Signal Intermittent (Bank 2 Sensor
1)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit High Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit Signal Intermittent (Banlc 2 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit High Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
Ambient Pressure Sensor Variant Recognition Value in Boot Range Implausible
Ambient Pressure Sensor Variant Recognition Error Value Stored in Boot Range
Ambient Pressure Sensor Variant Recognition Learning Failed
Pre Catalyst Fuel Trim System (Bank 1)
Pre Catalyst Fuel Trim System (Bank 2)
PI139
PI143
PI144
PI149
PI150
PI151
PI152
PI153
PI155
P1156
PI157
PI171
PI172
PI173
PI 190
PI191
79
21 5
21 5
21 6
21 6
55
55
55
61
61
61 196
196
196
235
236
Pedal Position Sensor 2 Low
Input PI222
-~~~~~~~~~ PI314
PI314
PI314
PI342 - PI343
PI 344
PI192
PI193
PI223 /I11 I Pedal Position Sensor 2 High Input
111
PI 345
PI 346
PI 347
PI348
PI 349
PI350
PI351
PI352
PI353
225 Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System (Bank 1)
226 Post Catalyst Fuel Trim Svstem (Bank 2)
203
227
228
238
238
239 Fuel Mixture Deviation Detected with Low Fuel
Fuel Mixture Deviation Detected with Low Fuel
Fuel Mixture Deviation Detected with Low Fuel
Misfire During Start Cylinder 1
Misfire Cylinder 1 with Fuel Cut-Off
Misfire Durina Start Cylinder 2
239
240
240
241
241
242
242
243
243
-
Misfire Cylinder 2 with Fuel Cut-Off
Misfire During Start Cylinder 3
Misfire Cylinder 3 with Fuel Cut-Off
Misfire During Start Cylinder 4
Misfire Cylinder 4 with Fuel Cut-Off
Misfire during Start Cylinder 5
Misfire Cylinder 5 with Fuel Cut-Off
Misfire during Start Cylinder 6
Misfire Cylinder 6 with Fuel Cut-Off