1999 BMW 540i fuel type

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Fuel Injection
Engine coolant temperature
(ECT) sensor,
testing and replacing
4 The ECT sensor is located below cylinder 6 intake port at the
rear of the engine (1).
The ECT sensor is a dual temperature sensor. One circuit
provides coolant temperature information to the ECM while
the other circuit provides coolant temperature information to
the instrument cluster.
The ECM determines the correct ignition timing and airlfuel
mixture required
forthe engine temperature by monitoring an
appliedvoltage
(5vdc) to the sensor.Thevoltage drop across
the sensor varies as the coolant temperature (sensor resis-
tance) changes.
NOTE-
The ECT sensor is an NTC (negative temperature coeffi-
cient) type sensor. In other words, as the temperature rises,
resistance through the sensor decreases.
If the ETC sensor input is faulty or non-plausible, the MIL is il-
luminated when the MIL is illuminated when
OED II fault crite-
ria are exceeded. The ECM assumes a substitute value
(80" C 11 76'F) to maintain engine operation. The ignition tim-
ing is set to a
conservativelsafe basic setting.
- Remove intake manifold to access ECT sensor on the M52
TU and the M54 engines. See 113 Cylinder Head Removal
and Installation.
- Check ECT sensor resistance using a multimeter at sensor
terminals.
WARNING -
Due to rislc of personal injury, be sure the engine is cold be-
fore removing ECT sensor connector.
ECT sensor resistance @ 20°C (68°F)
CAUTIOI\C
Be sure ignition is OFFbefore disconnecting or reconnecting
DME svstem components.
2.2 - 2.7 k
4 Disconnect ECT sensor harness connector (arrow). Un-
screw ECT sensor from cylinder head.

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Fuel Injection
- Installation is reverse of removal:
Use new copper sealing washers when installing sensor.
Replace any lost coolant.
Tightening torque
Temperature sensor to cylinder head
13 Nm (10 ft-lb)
Intake air temperature (IAT) sensor,
testing and replacing
4 The intake airtemperature (IAT) sensor, located at the top of
I the intake manifold, adapts (fine tunes) the fuel mixture and i
T engine timing based on varying intake air temperatures.
i If the intaite air temperature signal is implausible, a fault code
! is set and the MIL is illuminated when OBD I1 fault criteria are
I exceeded. The ECM then operates the engine using the ECT
i sensor sional inout as a back uo.
type sensor. In other words,
a> the temperature rises, resis-
tance through the sensor decreases.
lid I The IATsensor can be tested using a multimeter:
/IAT sensor resistance at 20'C (68°F) 2.2 - 2.7 kd
Remove engine cover by prying off plastic trim caps (arrows)
and removing nuts below caps.

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. -
Fuel Injection I
Working inside E-box, disconnect ECM harness connector
(arrow) by releasing fastener and pivoting connector up and
off ECM.
CA UTIOW
Be sure ignition is OFF before disconnecting or reconnecting
DME system components.
Remove ECM from retaining brackets and lift off holder.
Installation is reverse of removal
Before attempting to start engine, use
BMW service tester
DISplus, MoDiC, GTl or equivalent:
* Code replacement ECM with application information (i.e
engine code, transmission type, etc.).
Align ECM to EWS (electronic immobilizer).
Siemens MS 42.0 and MS 43.0
ECM pin assignments
ECM pin assignments are given in Table c. For engine man-
agement system schematics, see
ELE Electrical Wiring Di-
agrams.
/ CAUTIOW I
Al~ays wait at least one mfnule after turning off the ignition
before
remov;ng [he connecror irom rhe ECM. If the con-
nector is removed before this time, residual power
in the
system relay may damage the
ECM.
Always connect or disconnect the control module con-
nector and meter probes with the ignition off.
When making checks at the ECM itself, a
breakout box
should be used to allow tests to be made with the connector
attached to the ECM. This also prevents damage to the small
terminals in the connector. As an alternative, the harness
connector housing can be separated so that electrical checks
can be made from the back of the connector.
Table
c. Siemens MS 42.0 and MS 43.0 ECM pin assignments
Pin
lslgnal l~om~onentlfunction 1 Notes
Connector
X60001 9-pin black
1 loutput I~erminai 15 I Unloeder relay terminal 15
2 I 1 Not used I
3 Not used
4 Ground
Ground Ground
point

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Fuel Injection
- If voltage is present as described above, check wiring be-
tween ECM and valve. If no wiring faults are found, check
ECM signal to valve.
- When replacing idle speed control valve, clean and inspect
all sealing areas.
. Inspect sealing ring in throttle body and replace if neces-
sary.
Throttle position sensor (TPS),
testing and replacing
The throttle position sensor (arrow) is mounted on the side
of the primary throttle housing and is directly connected to
the throttle valve shaft. The ECM sends a voltage signal to
the potentiometer-type sensor and monitors the voltage that
comes back. Resistance decreases (voltage increases) as
the throttle opens.
NOTE-
Do not confuse the TPS on the primary throttle housing with
the throttle switch on the
ASC secondary throttle housing.
4 Check throttle position sensor function by disconnecting har-
ness connector and checking across terminals. If any faults
are found, replace throttle position sensor.
Engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor,
testing and replacing
Throttle position sensor (M62 engine)
The ECT sensor is located on the front of the engine in the
coolanVthermostat flange.The ECTsensor is a dual tempera-
ture sensor. One circuit provides coolant temperature infor-
mation to the ECM while the other circuit provides coolant
temperature information to the instrument cluster.
The ECM determines the correct ignition timing and
airlfuel
mixture required for the engine by monitoring an applied volt-
age
(5 vdc) to the sensor. The voltage drop across the sensor
Test
value
5 vdc (approx.)
4.0 kR(approx.)
Continuously variable
from
1.0 to 4.0 kR
without interruption
Test
conditions
Harness connector
disconnected, ignition on
Harness connector
disconnected,
ignition on
Throttle plate rotated from idle to
full throttle position Test Terminal
Term.
1 at
harness
connector and ground
Term.
1 and term. 3 at
sensor
Term.
1 and term. 2 at
sensor

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I Fuel lniection
varies as the coolant temperature (sensor resistance) chang-
es.
NOTE-
The ECT sensor is an NTC (negative temperature coeff-
cient) type sensor. In other words, as the temperature rises,
resistance through the sensor decreases.
If the ETC sensor input is faulty or non-plausible, the MILis il-
luminated when OBD
II fault criteria are exceeded. The ECM
assumes a substitute value
(8OoC/176"F) to maintain engine
operation. The ignition timing is set to a
conservativelsafe ba-
sic setting.
4 Disconnect ECT sensor harness (A)
- Checlc ECT sensor resistance using a multimeter at sensor
terminals
3 and 4. Peel back protective boot (B) to ID termi-
nal numbers on connector housing.
/ ECT sensor resistance @l 2O" C (68°F) 2.2 - 2.7 kd
WARNING -
Due to risk of personal injug be sure the engine is cold be-
fore disconnecting ECT harness connector.
Sensor replacement: Disconnect ECT sensor harness (A).
- Unscrew ECT sensor from cylinder head and install new sen-
sor.
Use new copper sealing washers
when installing sensor.
Replace any lost coolant.
Tightening torque
ECT sensor to coolant flange 13 Nm (I0 it-lb)

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130-59
Fuel Injection
:-- -i. Evaporative emissions
1.
control diagram (M5.2.1)
i 1
i I @ 1. ECM r.=.:-:, 2. Purge valve
3. Leak detection pump (LDP)
4. Liquid vapor separator
5. Purge canister
6. Filter
Bosch M5.2 ECM pin assignments
(M62 up to 911997)
Tabled. Bosch M5.2 ECM pin assignments
I' 1- 1. . . -
4 1 output / Cyl. 4 fuel injection valve I Cyl. 4 fuel injection valve (cycled ground)
Pin
1
2
3
i I
I
7 / output I Cyl. 6 fuel injection valve I Cyl. 6 fuel injection valve (cycled ground)
Type
output
output
output
I I ,
8 1 output I Malfunction indicator light (MIL) (USA only) I lliumlnated for exhaust gas related diagnostic trouble code
5
Component/function
Oxygen sensor heater signal
Idle speed control -closing winding
Cvl. 1 fuel iniection valve Note
DME heated oxygen sensor
1 splice
idle speed control valve (cycled ground)
Cvl. 1 fuel iniection valve lcvcled around)
6 1 ground I Fuel injection valve ground 1 Ground
output
9
Not
used
Not used
11
12
13
Cyl. 5 fuel injection valve
10 1 input I Electronic immobilizer (EWS) / Electronic immobilizer (EWS) control unit
input
Heated oxygen sensor signal Cyl.
5 fuel injection
valve (cycled ground)
output
input
input
16
Start signal Starter relay
NC compressor signal
Terminal
50 signal
Knock sensor signal
17 1 ground I Hot film mass air flow (MAF) sensor ground I Hot film mass air flow (MAF) sensor ground
output Heating and
A/C control module
Ignition switch
Knock sensor
Intake air temperature intake air temperature sensor (voltage value)

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130-60
/Fuel lniection
Tabled. Bosch M5.2 ECM pin assignments
Note
Pin
21
20 I output / Crankshaft position sensor (speed and position) I Crankshaft positionlrpm sensor
23
I - I I 29 1 output I Idle speed control - opening winding I Idle speed control valve (cycled ground)
Type
22
1 output I Cvl. 6 ignition signal (primary signal) I Cyl. 6 ignition coil (RZV adapter)
output
25
26
27
28
Component/function
24 1 outout I Cvl. 7 iqnition siqnal (primary signal) I Cyl. 7 ignition coil (RZV adapter)
output
4 outbut I' I - I Cyl. 3
fuel injection valve I Cyl. 3 fuel injection valve (cycled ground)
Camshaft position
sensor (cylinder reference)
output input
output
oround
30
31
32
ground Hall effect camshaft position sensor
Cyl. 3 ignition signal (primary signal)
output
I
Cyl. 3 ignition coil (RZV adapter)
. - . .. . .
Cyl. 2 ignition signal (primary signal)
Terminal 30
Engine control module relay
Ground for electronics and sensor shield
output
output
outout
Remaining output stages ground
(not iclnition and fuel iniection valves) Cyl.
2 ignition coil (RZV adapter)
Fuse carrier, engine electronics
Engine control module relay
Ground splice ,
Cyl. 2 fuel injection valve
Oxygen sensor heater signal
Cyl. 5
fuel injection valve
Cvl. 8 fuel iniection valve
AIC comuressor relav sianal
Heated oxygen sensor I in front of catalytic converter,
Heated oxygen sensor
iI in front of catalytic converter
Cyl.
5 fuel injection valve (cycled ground)
Cvl. 8 fuel iniection valve (cycled ground)
. -
Not used Ground point
Cyl.
2 fuel injection valve (cycled ground)
Heatinq and AIC control module (ground - compressor OFF)
38 Not used
40 39
1 I Not used
I'
I . I
I' I -. I
46 1 ground I Heated oxygen sensor signal (voltage 0.1-1.0 V) I Oxygen sensors
41
1 inuut I Knock
sensor signal I Knock sensor
input
I
I I
Instrument cluster
I' I I 55 1 ground I Ignition ground I Ground point
Knock sensor signal
43
1 I Not used I
Fuel reserve signal
42
Throttle position sensor
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Knoclc sensor
input
45
1 outout I Hot film mass air flow sensor signal (0-5 V) I Hot film mass air flow sensor
Throttle position sensor signal
(0.4-4.2 V) 44
input
output
output
output
output
output
inout
I - I
Not used
Not used
Cyl. 1 ignition signal (primary signal)
Cyl. 5 ignition signal (primary signal)
Cyl. 4 ignition signal (primary signal)
Cyl. 8 ignition signal (primary signal)
Throttle position sensor
(c 5 V voltage supply)
Terminal 87
f> 10 V)
ignition switch
56
Cyl. 1 ignition coil (RZV adapter)
Cyi. 5 ignition coil (RZV adapter)
Cyi.
4ignition coil (RZV adapter)
Cyl. 8 ignition coil (RZV adapter)
Throttle position sensor
Fuse
F1
input Terminal 15 (> 10 V)

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-. -
Fuel Injection
I 68 1 / Not used
Table
d. Bosch
M5.2 ECM pin assignments
I I I
69 1 input I AIC system standby signal (> 10 V) 1 Heating and AIC control module
Pin
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65 66
67
Type
input
input
input
input
I 70
72
73
74
Componentlfunction
Not used
Not used
Heated thermostat (characteristic map, cooling)
Programming voltage input (voltage
value)
Signal input Evaporative emission valve
Not used
Fuel pump relay (ground)
Not used
Not used
Not used
Not used
75
76
77
78
79
80
Note
Characteristic map, cooling
Data
llnlc connector
Evaporative emission valve
Fuel pump relay
71 1 ground I Control module ground I Ground splice
input
input
81
input input
input
input
output Not used
I
Knock sensor signal
Not used
Not used
Coolant temperature
82 1 I Not used
83
I I
Knock sensor
Dual temperature
swltch
Not used
Heated oxygen sensor signal (voltage
0.1-1.0 V)
Heated oxygen sensor
signal (voltage 0.1-1.0 V)
Crankshaft position sensor signal (speed and
position, AC voltage)
Right rear wheel speed signal
TD signal (engine speed)
85
I I I
Heated oxygen sensor II behind catalytic converter
Heated oxygen sensor
I behind catalytic converter
Cranitshaft positionlrpm sensor
ABSIASC control module
TD signal splice
84 1 / Not used 1
output
88
86
1 input-output 1 CAN-Bus high I Transmission conlrol module (AGS)
input-output
Injection signal
input-output Integrated instrument cluster control
module (IKE)
CAN-Bus low Transmission control module (AGS)
Data
linlc TxD Data link connector