260-
4
DRIVESHAFT
CAUTION
-
The
maximum
allowable
change
in
height
of
the
center
bearing
or
transmission
support
using
shims
is
3
mm
(0
.12
in
.)
.
Driveshaft,
removing
WARNING
-
"
Be
sure
the
wheels
are
off
the
ground
before
re-
moving
the
driveshaft
.
Set
the
parking
brake
be-
fore
removing
the
driveshaft
.
"
Once
the
driveshaft
has
been
removed,
the
vehi-
cle
can
roll
regardless
of
whether
the
transmis-
sion
isin
gear
or
not
.
"
The
driveshaft
fs
mounted
to
thetransmission
and
final
drive
with
self-locking
nuts
.
These
nuts
are
designed
to
be
used
only
once
and
should
be
replaced
during
reassembly
.
1.
Disconnect
oxygen
sensor
electrical
connectors
and
remove
complete
exhaustsystem
.
See
180
Exhaust
System
.
4
.
Remove
driveshaft
mounting
bolts
.
See
Fig
.
3
.
Discard
old
nuts
.
JG
Fig
.
3
.
Front
driveshaft
totransmission
mounting
bolt
being
re-
moved
.
Note
open-end
wrench
(arrow)
being
used
to
coun-
terhold
bolt
.
5
.
Loosen
threaded
clamping
sleeve
on
driveshaft
a
few
tucos
.
See
Fig
.
4
.
DRIVESHAFT
SERVICE
Fig
.
4
.
Threaded
clamping
sleeve
nut
being
loosened
.
0012037
6
.
Support
driveshaft
andremove
center
support
bearing
mounting
bolts
.
7
.
Remove
driveshaft
but
do
not
separate
two
halves
.
Pull
down
on
center
of
driveshaft
to
facilitate
removal
.
2
.
Remove
exhaust
heat
shield
and
heat
shieldcross-
member
.
NOTE-
If
driveshaft
halves
were
separate
and
not
match-
3
.
Matchmark
front
and
rear
driveshaft
connections
at
marked,
assemble
driveshaft
as
shown
in
drawing
.
If
a
transmissíon
and
final
drive
.
vibration
occurs,
disassemble
driveshaftand
rotate
one
section
180°
.
See
Fig
.
5
.
Driveshaft,
installing
Fig
.
5
.
Driveshaft
alignment
.
Centerlinesof
universal
joints
(arrows)
must
be
parallel
or
at
90°
to
each
other
1
.
Align
driveshaft
matchmarks
at
final
drive
and
then
at
transmission
flange
.
Start
attaching
nuts
.
Use
new
self-
locking
nuts
.
2
.
Position
center
support
bearing
and
start
attaching
nuts
.
Use
new
self-locking
nuts
.
3
.
Tighten
flangenuts
while
preventing
bolts
from
twisting
in
coupling
.
Tighten
final
drive
flange
first,
then
tighten
coupling
at
transmission
.
4
.
Preload
center
support
bearing
by
pushing
bearing
for-
ward4-6
mm
(0
.16-0
.24
in
.)
from
center
.
See
Fig
.
6
.
Tighten
attaching
bolts
.
300-2
SUSPENSION,
STEERING
AND
BRAKES-GENERAL
Steering
INTEGRATED
SYSTEMS
The
steering
linkage
connects
the
rack-and-pinion
unit
through
tie
rodsto
the
steering
arms
.
The
tie
rod
ends
allow
the
wheels
to
pivot
and
react
to
suspension
travel
.
Rear
Suspension
The
rear
axle
carrier
is
the
main
mounting
point
for
the
final
drive
housing
and
the
rear
suspension
components
.
Trailing
arms
locatethe
rear
wheels
and
anchorthe
springs,
shocks
and
stabilizer
bar
.
Driveaxies
with
constant-velocity
(CV)
joints
at
both
ends
transfer
power
from
the
differential
to
the
road
wheels
.
The
differential
is
mounted
to
the
rearaxle
carrier
through
rubber
mountsand
bushings
to
hele
isolate
drivetrain
noise
and
vibration
.
Brakes
E36
cars
areequipped
with
power
disc
brakes
with
an
inte-
gral
antilock
brakes
(ABS)
.
The
parking
brake
is
a
dual-drum
system
integrated
with
the
rear
brake
rotors
.
See
Fig
.
3
.
Power
assist
is
provided
by
a
vacuum
booster
when
the
en-
gine
is
running
.
The
brakepedal
pushrod
is
connected
directly
to
the
master
cylinder,
so
failure
of
the
vacuum
booster
does
not
normally
result
in
total
brake
failure
.
0012124
Each
disc
brakeuses
a
caliper
with
a
single
hydraulic
cylin-
Fig
.
2
.
Front
suspension
control
arm
(arrow)
.
der
.
Brake
pads
in
the
left
front
and
right
rear
contain
wear
sensors
.
When
the
padsneed
replacement,the
sensors
illu-
The
front
suspension
is
designed
with
minimum
positive
minate
a
light
on
the
dashboard
.
steering
offset
.
This
geometry
contributes
to
stability
when
traction
is
unequalfrom
side
to
side
.
Suspension
travel
is
lim-
Tires
and
Wheels
ited
by
rubber
bump
stops
.
The
three
point
mounting
of
each
L-shaped
control
arm
ere-
Tiresize
is
critica¡
to
the
proper
operatíon
of
the
E36
ABS
or
cisely
controls
the
front-to-rear
and
side-to-side
position
of
the
ABS/AST
system
.
Severa¡
different
styles
of
wheels,
in
15,16
strut,
while
the
flexibility
of
the
joints
and
mounts
alsoallows
and
17
inch
diameters,
are
available
from
an
authorized
BMW
the
movement
necessary
for
suspension
travel
.
The
control
dealer
.
arm
mounting
points
are
designed
with
anti-dive
geometry
.
The
suspension
reduces
the
normaltendency
for
the
front
of
NOTE-
the
vehicle
to
dive
under
hard
braking
.
Aftermarket
wheelsshould
be
selected
wlth
care
.
Im-
properly
fitted
wheels
can
contact
anddamage
sus
Control
arm
position
is
fixed,
with
no
adjustment
provisions
pension,
brakeorbodycomponentsandmayadversely
on
the
control
arms
for
alter¡ng
front
wheel
al
ignment
.
A
stabi-
affect
vehicle
stability
.
lizer
bar
mounted
to
both
control
arms
heles
to
reduce
body
rol¡
whencomering
.
INTEGRATED
SYSTEMS
Antilock
Brake
System
(ABS)
is
standard
on
all
E36
cars
.
The
variable-assist
power
steering
system
consists
of
an
Standard
on
some
models
and
installed
as
optional
equipment
on
engine-driven
hydraulic
pump,
a
rack-and-pinion
type
steer-
others,
is
All
Season
Traction
(AST)
.
ing
gear,
and
connecting
linkage
to
the
road
wheels
.
TheE36
utilizes
an
engine-speed
dependent
variable
effort
steering
Antilock
Brake
System
(ABS)
system
.
At
low
speeds,
maximum
power
assist
is
provided
to
ease
parking
and
city
driving
.
Athigh
speeds,
assist
is
re-
The
electronically-controlled
ABS
maintains
vehícle
stabili
duced
to
ensure
stability
.
ty
and
control
during
emergency
braking
by
preventing
wheel
lock-up
.
ABS
provides
optimum
deceleration
and
stability
dur-
Wheel
brake
caliper
Electronic
control
module
Fig
.
4
.
Schematic
representation
of
ABS
.
SUSPENSION,
STEERING
ANDBRAKES-GENERAL
300-3
Fig
.
3
.
Schematic
view
ofdual
circuit
brakes
with
4-channel
ABS
.
ing
adverse
conditions
.
It
automatically
adjusts
brake
system
hydraulic
pressure
at
each
wheel
to
prevent
wheel
lock-up
.
The
system's
main
components
arethe
wheel
speed
(pulse)
sensors,
the
ABS
control
module,
and
the
hydraulic
control
unit
.
See
Fig
.
4
.
Warning
lamp
u
Master
Whee
_
l
speed
I-lydraulic
cylinder
sensor
control
unit
0012135
UNI
The
wheel
speed
sensors
continuously
send
wheel
speed
signals
to
the
control
module
.
See
Fig
.
5
.
The
control
module
compares
these
signals
to
determine,
in
fractions
of
a
second,
whether
any
of
the
wheels
areabout
to
lock
.
If
any
wheel
is
nearing
a
lock-up
condition,
the
module
signals
the
hydraulic
unit
to
maintain
or
reduce
pressure
at
the
appropriatewheel(s)
.
Pressure
is
modulated
by
electrically-operated
sole-
noid
valves
in
the
hydraulic
unit
.
Fig
.
5
.
ABS
wheelspeed
sensor
.
0006563
INTEGRATED
SYSTEMS
300-4
SUSPENSION,
STEERING
AND
BRAKES-GENERAL
Three-channel
ABS
ís
used
on
al[
E36
cars
equipped
with
Al¡
Season
Traction
(AST)
standard
ABS
.
Each
front
wheelhas
a
separate
solenoid
valve
to
modulate
hydraulic
pressure
to
that
brake
caliper
.
The
traction
control
system
works
in
conjunction
with
ABS
The
rear
wheels
are
modulated
asa
pair,
controlled
by
a
sin-
and
the
engine
management
system
to
enhance
vehicle
con
gle
solenoid
valve
.
trol
.
The
main
function
of
the
AST
system
is
to
maintain
the
rolling
contact
between
the
tires
and
the
road
surface
under
al¡
driving
E36
cars
equipped
with
ABS/AST
utilize
a
four
channel
sys-
conditions
.
This
is
achieved
through
exact
application
and
tem,
which
functionsexactly
as
the
three
channelsystem
management
of
braking
and
drivetrain
forces
.
above,except
that
the
rear
wheels
are
modulated
individually
.
IDLE
SPEED
CONTROL
VALVE
HROTTLE
PLATE
6
.
Í
III
i
ADS
ACTU
AT
OR
THROTTLE
PLATE
POSITION
SENSOR
DME
Fig
.
6
.
All
Season
Traction
(AS)
works
withother
drivetrain
systems
to
enhance
vehicle
control
.
INTEGRATED
SYSTEMS
The
throttle
control
system
used
in
AST
is
illustrated
in
Fig
.
MASS
AIR
FLOW
SENSOR
JADS
THROTTLE
PLATE
POSITION
SENSOR
0013006
300-6
SUSPENSION,
STEERING
AND
BRAKES-GENERAL
BATTE
RY
KL
30
ECM
MAIN
C~
RELAY
KL
15
DSC
SWITCH
LF1
;1~lZZ~
nSLn
l'
z
sJ
WHEEL
RF
c_
.
LR
r_
.
>
RR
ELECTRONIC
BRAKE
LIGHT
SWITCH
SPEED
SENSORS
Fig
.
7
.
Schematic
of
AII
Season
Traction
(AST)
system
.
INTEGRATED
SYSTEMS
EDC
POWER
SUPPLY
SOLENOID
RELAY
GROUND
CONTROL
POWER
SUPPLY
I'
1
ABS
PUMP
GROUND
CONTROLÍ
F
f
iJ
RELAY
INLET
(4X)
wxxuw
OUTLET
(4X)
-=-=--
AST
AST
INTAKE
IHYDRAULIC
-
=-
SWITCHING
=---
!
99001
!J
WHEEL
SPEED
X
4
DME
II
000001
-
f
1
UNIT
AGS
IKE
&
DMEI
PARK
BREVE
771
SWITCH
M
ALTERNATOR
AUXILIARY
THROTTLE
r
`
INDICATOR
POSITION
MOTOR
(ADS)
ABSPUMP
DIAGNOSIS
RELAY
lu~~~b
0013027
310-2
FRONT
SUSPENSION
WARNING-
"
Physical
safety
could
be
impaired
if
procedures
described
here
areundertaken
without
the
proper
service
tools
and
equipment
.
Be
sure
to
have
the
right
tools
onhand
before
beginning
any
job
.
"
Do
notreuse
self-locking
nuts
or
bolts
.
They
are
designed
to
beused
only
once
and
may
fail
if
re-
used
.
Always
replace
self-locking
fasteners
any
timethey
are
loosenedor
removed
.
"
Do
not
install
bolts
and
nuts
coated
with
under-
coating
wax,
as
the
correct
tightening
torque
can-
not
beassured
.
Always
clean
the
threads
with
solventbefore
installation,
or
install
new
parts
.
"
Do
not
attempt
to
weld
or
straighten
any
suspen-
sion
components
.
Replace
damaged
parts
.
SHOCK
ABSORBERS
AND
SPRINGS
The
complete
front
strut
assembly
is
shown
in
Fig
.
2
.
Most
strut
assembly
components
are
available
asreplacement
parts
.
NOTE-
Struts
andlor
springs
shouldalways
be
replaced
in
parts
.
Strut
assembly,
removing
and
installing
1
.
Raisecar
and
remove
front
wheel
.
WARNING-
Make
sure
that
the
car
is
firmly
supported
on
jack
standsdesigned
for
the
purpose
.
Place
the
jack
standsbeneath
a
structural
chassis
point
Do
not
place
jack
stands
under
suspension
parts
.
2
.
Unbolt
brake
caliper
assembly,
keepingbrake
hose
connected
.
Detach
brake
hose
from
strut
assembly
.
Suspend
brake
caliper
from
chassis
using
stiff
wire
.
Re-
move
brake
rotor
.
See
340
Brakes
.
SHOCKABSORBERS
AND
SPRINGS
0011191
Fig
.
2
.
Front
strut
assembly
with
steering
arm,
front
hub,
front
spring
and
strut
upper
mount
.
3
.
Remove
ABS
wheelspeed
sensor
.
See
Fig
.
3
.
4
.
Disconnect
ABS
sensor
wire
harness
and
brake
pad
wear
sensor
wire
harness
(left
side
only)
from
strut
housing
.
5
.
OnM3
modeis
:
Disconnect
stabilizer
bar
link
from
strut
.
Fig
.
3
.
ABS
wheel
speed
sensor
mounting
bolt
(arrow)
.
NOTE-
Note
flats
on
stabilizer
bar
linkball
joint
for
placement
of
open
end
wrench
.
CAUTION-
Do
not
remove
center
strut
retaining
nut
.
8
.
Lower
strut
assembly
from
car
.
NOTE-
Store
the
removed
strut
assembly
upríght
.
Do
not
allow
it
to
líe
horizontally
or
upside-down
for
any
lengthoftime
.
If
íncorrect
storage
has
occurred,
place
the
strut
assembly
upríght
wíth
the
rod
fully
extended
for
at
least
24
hours
.
0012117
FRONT
SUSPENSION
310-3
6
.
Unbolt
splash
shield
and
steering
arm
from
strut
.
Sus-
Fig
.
4
.
Strut
and
steering
arm
assembly
.
pend
steering
arm
assembly
from
chassis
using
stiff
wire
.
See
Fig
.
4
.
1
.
Nut
6
.
Bolt
2
.
Strut
7
.
Bolt
3
.
ABS
wheel
speed
sensor
8
.
Flat
washer
4
.
Cable
holder
9
.
Self-locking
nut
5
.
Steering
arm
10
.
Washer
11
.
Bolt
9
.
Installation
is
reverse
of
removal
.
Be
sure
to
use
new
CAUTION-
self-locking
nuts
and
bolts
.
The
steering
arm
ball
joint
can
be
damaged
if
the
"
Use
new
steering
arm
mounting
bolts,
or
clean
bolts
arm
is
allowed
to
hang
unsupported
.
and
use
Locktite
®
270
orequivalent
thread-locking
compound
.
7
.
Support
strut
assembly
from
below
.
From
above,
re-
"
On
M3
models
:
When
attaching
stabilizer
link
to
strut,
move
three
strut
mounting
nuts
on
strut
tower
.
use
a
thin
wrench
to
hold
flats
on
link
parallelto
strut
.
"
Have
car
professionally
aligned
When
job
is
complete
.
Tightening
Torques
"
Brake
caliper
to
steering
arm
......
110
Nm
(81
ft-lb)
"
Road
wheel
to
hub
.........
100±10
Nm
(74
t7
ft-Ib)
"
Stabilizer
bar
link
to
strut
(M3)
.....
.
59
Nm
(44
ft-lb)
"
Steering
arm
to
strut
housing
"
(encapsulated
bolts-always
replace)
107
Nm
(78
ft-lb)
"
Strut
assembly
to
strut
tower
(self-locking
nuts)
........
...
..
..
.
24
Nm
(16
ft-Ib)
SHOCK
ABSORBERS
AND
SPRINGS
310-
8
FRONT
SUSPENSION
FRONT
WHEEL
BEARINGS
The
front
wheel
bearings
are
permanently
sealed
and
re-
quire
no
maintenance
.
The
bearing
is
integral
with
the
wheel
hub
and
pressed
onto
the
steering
arm
stub
axle
.
Special
press
tools
are
requiredto
replace
the
front
wheel
bearings
.
Read
the
procedure
through
before
beginning
the
job
.
Front
wheel
bearing,
replacing
1
.
Raise
car
and
remove
wheel
.
WARNING-
Make
sure
that
the
car
is
firmly
supportedon
jack
stands
designed
for
the
purpose
.
Place
the
jack
stands
beneatha
structural
chassis
point
.
Do
not
place
jack
stands
under
suspension
parts
.
2
.
Pry
off
dust
cap
from
centerof
wheel
hub
.
Bend
back
staked
part
of
wheel
hub
(axle)
collar
nut
.
See
Fig
.
13
.
Fig
.
13
.
Staked
part
of
wheel
hub
collar
nut
to
be
bent
back
(arrow)
.
3
.
Remount
wheel
and
lug
bolts
.
4
.
Lower
canto
ground
.
With
an
assistant
applying
brakes,
loosen
collar
nut
.
Do
not
remove
completely
.
NOTE-
The
wheel
hub
collar
nut
is
tightened
to
a
torque
of
290
Nm
(214
ft-Ib)
.
Make
sure
the
car
is
firmly
on
the
ground
.
FRONT
WHEEL
BEARINGS
6
.
Remove
ABS
wheel
speed
sensor
.
Refer
to
Fig
.
3
.
7
.
Remove
brake
caliper
assembly
and
brake
rotor
as
de-
scribed
in
340
Brakes
.
Leave
brakehose
connected
to
caliper
.
Suspend
caliper
assembly
from
chassis
using
stiff
wire
.
8
.
Remove
wheel
hub
collar
nut
.
9
.
Remove
wheel
hub
with
integral
wheel
bearing
from
steering
arm
using
a
puller
.
See
Fig
.
14
.
0011200
Fig
.
14
.
Wheel
hub
with
integral
wheel
bearing
being
removed
using
a
puller
.
NOTE-
If
bearing
inner
race
stays
on
steering
arm,
remove
splash
guard
and
usetwo
jaw
puller
to
remove
race
.
10
.
Insta¡¡
splash
guard
and
new
dust
shield
behind
bear-
ing
.
Press
new
wheel
hub/bearing
assembly
on
using
appropriate
press
tools
.
NOTE-
When
pressing
the
wheel
hublbearing
on,
apply
force
only
to
the
bearing
inner
race
.
11
.
Install
new
collar
nut
.
Do
not
tighten
nut
to
its
final
torque
atthis
time
.
"
Install
brake
rotor
and
brake
caliper
.
See
340
Brakes
.
"
Mount
wheel
and
lug
boits
.
Lower
canto
ground
to
gain
leverage
.
12
.
With
an
assistant
applying
brakes,
tighten
collar
nut
and
then
stake
nut
toaxle
.
5
.
Raise
car
and
remove
wheel
.
13
.
Raisecar
and
remove
wheel
.