1998 BMW 540i Radiator and Cooling System

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YOU are now in Volume I
I
Foreword ................... .. ........................................................................\
.......... v
Index
........................ .. ................................................................ rear of manual
General, 001 General Warnings and Cautions 002 Vehicle Identification and VIN Decoder
Maintenance OiO 020 Maintenance
Engine
100 Engine-General 110 Engine Removal and Installation
113 Cylinder Head Removal and
Installation
116 Cyiinder Head and Valvetrain 117 Camshaft Timing Chain
119 Lubrication System
200 Transmission-General
2 Transmission 210 clutch 230 ManualTransmission
I20 Ignition System
121 Battery, Starter, Alternator
130 Fuel Injection
160 Fuel Tank and Fuel Pump 170 Radiator and Cooling System
180 Exhaust System
240 Automatic Transmission
250 Gearshift Linkage 260 Driveshaft
Suspension, 300 Suspension, Steering and 330 Rear Suspension
Brakes-General 331 Final Drive
Steering and No Front Suspension 340 Brakes
320 Steering and Wheel Alignment
400 Body-General
410 Fenders, Engine Hood 411 Doors
412 Trunk Lid, Tailgate
510 Exterior Trim, Bumpers 512 Door Windows
Equipment 513 Interior Trim
7
Equipment and 720 seat Belts
Accessories 721 Airbag System (SRS)
OBD On-Board Diagnostics
. ............ ..
515 Central Lociting and
Anti-Theft
520 Seats 540 Sunroof
.................................................................... Foreword .............................. .. v
Index ................... .. ................................................................ rear of manual
Electrical
6 system
600 Electrical System-General 620 Instruments
610 Electrical Comoonent Locations 630 Liohts
611 wipers and washers 612 Switches eati in^ and Air Conditioning
Radio
. ........... ........ .........................
Electrical Wiring Diagrams

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Maintenance
< Release mass air flow sensor clips (A).
Release upper air filter housing clips (B).
4 Lift air filter upper housing, and remove filter element.
NOTE-
V-8 engine air filter assembly shown in illustration. 6-cylinder
air filter assembly is similar but located at the left front of the
engine compartment.
- On installation, install O-ring for mass air flow sensor into
retaining clips in air filter upper housing.
- Replace air filter and upper air filter housing, and attach
upper air filter housing clips.
Cooling system, checking
Antifreeze raises the boiling point and lowers the freezing
~oint of the coolant. BMW recommends enaine coolantthat is
a 50 150 mixture of distilled water and ethGene glycol-based
antifreeze.
Routine cooling system maintenance consists of maintaining
the coolant level and inspecting hoses. Because the coolant's
anticorrosion and antifreeze additives gradually lose their ef-
fectiveness, replacement of the coolant every three years is
recommended.
CAUJION-
Use only BMWapprovedphosphate-free antifreeze when
filing the cooling system. Use of antifreeze containing
phosphates is harmful to the cooling system.
4 Float in radiator tank indicates coolant level. Inspect while
coolant is cold.
When upper mark on float is level with top of filler neck,
coolant is at minimum allowable level.
When lower mark on float is level with top of filler neck,
coolant is at maximum level.
Hose connections should be tight and dry. Coolant seepage
nnection indicates either that hose clamp is

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020-1 6
Maintenance
loose, hose is damaged, or connection is dirty or corroded.
Dried coolant has achalky appearance. Hoses should be firm
and springy. Replace any hose that is cracked, has become
soft and limp, or has been contaminated by oil.
4 As a preventive measure, replacement of the cooling system
hoses every four years is recommended. The illustration
shows examples of damage to coolant hoses. Any of these
conditions is cause for replacement (illustration courtesy of
/ Abrasion Damaged Hose Heat Damaged Hose 1 Gates Rubber Company, I~c.).
Engine drive belt, replacing
Drive belts and pulleys transfer power from the engine crank-
shaft to various accessories.
E39 models use two polyribbed
(serpentine) belts:
The outer belt turns the
NC compressor.
0 The inner, longer belt turns the alternator (generator), cool-
ant pump and power steering pump.
Inspect drive belts with the engine off. If the belt shows signs
of wear, cracking, glazing, or missing sections, it should be
replaced
immediately. To reduce the chance of belt failure
while driving, replacement of the belts every four years is
recommended.
WARNING -
Observe care when replacing belts. Personal injury could
result if a tensioner springs back into position uncontrolled.
CA UTIOI\C
Mark drive belt rotation direction if removing and reusing an
old belt.
NOTE-
When belts are replaced with new ones, store the old set in
the trunk for emergency use.
All models, use
BMW special tools 11 5 030 and 11 5 040 to
loosen and remove cooling fan and clutch from coolant
pump.
NOTE-
32 mm cooling fan nut has left-hand threads
If necessary, remove fan cowl from radiator.

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Engine-General
This section covers system descriptions and general informa-
tion on engines and engine management systems. Also cov-
ered is basic engine troubleshooting.
For specific repair procedures, refer to the appropriate repair
group:
110 Engine Removal and Installation
0 113 Cylinder Head Removal and Installation
116 Cylinder Head and Valvetrain
0 117 Camshaft Timing Chain
119 Lubrication System
120 Ignition System
130 Fuel Injection
0 170 Radiator and Cooling System
E39 models are fitted with a variant of either an inline 6-cylin-
der or a
V-8 engine. See Table a.
Table a. Engine specifications

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I Engine Removal and Installation
Engine removal and installation are covered in this repail
group.
See 100 Engine-General for engine identification details
and engine codes.
Transmission removal is required for all models before the
engine can be removed. This is best accomplished with the
car raised on an automotive lift. For additional procedures re-
quired during engine removal, refer to the following repair
groups:
020 Maintenance
0 121 Battery, Alternator, Starter
170 Radiator and Cooling System
180 Exhaust System
4 230 Manual Transmission
0 240 Automatic Transmission
410 Fenders, Engine Hood
Special tools
Some special tools are required for engine removal and in-
stallation. Be sure to have the necessary equipment on hand
before starting the job.
Engine lifting tool
(Tool No. BMW
11 0 000)
4 Cooling fan counterhold tool
(Tool No. BMW
11 5 030)
< Cool~ng fan wrench
(Tool No. BMW
11 5 040)

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110-12
Engine Removal and Installation
4 Remove hoses from thermostat housing by releasing locks
(arrows). If applicable, detach electrical harness connector
for thermostat housing.
NOTE-
Two different types of hose fasteners are used on the E39
car; lock clamp type as shown above or standard band
clamps.
- On vehicles equipped with mechanical cooling fan: Remove
belt-driven cooling fan and radiator as described in
170 Ra-
diator and Cooling
System.
CAUTION-
32 mm radiator fan mounting nut has left hand threads.
4 Disconnect coolant hose (arrow) at rear left side of engine
above starter.
4 Disconnect coolant hose (arrow) at front left side of engine
mount.
- Unbolt power steering fluid reservoir and pull aside without
detaching hoses. Secure to fender with cord or stiff wire.

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110-15
Engine Removal and lnstallation
- Installation is reverse of removal, noting the following:
Replace all gaskets. O-rings and seals.
Use new fuel injector seals
Check that engine drive belts properly engage pulley
grooves.
Inspect O-ring seal between mass air flow sensor and air
filter housing. To facilitate reassembly, coat seal with acid-
free grease.
Change engine oil and filter and
check all other fluid levels.
See
020 Maintenance.
Refill and bleed cooling system. See
170 Radiator and
Cooling System.
CAUTION--
When reattaching throttle assembly harness connectoc con-
nector is
fuNy tightened when arrows on connector and plug
line up.
Tightening torques
Coolant drain plug to cylinder block
25 Nm (18 ft-lb)
Engine mount to
subframe (M10) 45 Nm (33 ft-ib)
Exhaust manifold to cylinder head
M6 10 Nm (89 in-lb)
M7 or ME 20 Nm (15 ft-lb)
Intake manifold to cylinder head
M7 15 Nm (I 1 ft-lb)
ME 22 Nm (16 ft-lb)
Radiator cooling fan to coolant pump
40 Nm (30 ft-lb)
Radiator drain screw to radiator
2.5 Nm (22 in-lb)

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- .. -.
-. Engine Removal and in=/
4 Remove left interior ventilation duct:
Release duct locking tabs (A). Early models: release
loclc
ing strap.
* Rotate duct inward (arrow) to detach.
Release spring
loclc (El) to unlock ventilation housing.
Disconnect electrical harness connector from hood switch
(C).
Release locking clip and remove ventilation filter cover (D).
Slide air housing away from inner fender to remove.
Removal
of right side ventilation duct is similar.
4 Remove rear engine compartment bulkhead panel:
Remove rubber sealing strip.
* Remove 3 mounting clips (A).
Remove harness supporting clip
(El).
Unlock panel retainers (arrows).
Lifl out panel.
< Separate engine wiring harness (arrow) from electrical box
at right side of engine compartment:
Remove E-box cover.
Disconnect electrical harness connectors leading from en-
gine wiring harness (arrow). Connectors are labelled (A,
El, C. D, E) for locating purposes.
Lay engine harness on top of engine.
- Drain engine coolant from engine block and radiator. See 170
Radiator and Cooling System.
Remove drain plugs from right and left side of engine
bloclc
(between cylinders 213 and 617).
Afler coolant has drained, reinstall drain plugs using new
sealing washers.
Drain radiator and reinstall drain plug.
Tightening
torques
Coolant drain plug to cylinder block (M14) 25 Nm (18 ft-ib)
Radiator drain screw to radiator 2.5
Nm (22 in-lb)