1998 BMW 328i Oil leve
[x] Cancel search: Oil levePage 225 of 759
11
.
Raise
transmission
and
reinstall
transmission
cross-
member
.
12
.
Install
driveshaft
using
new
nuts
.
See
260
Driveshaft
.
13
.
Check
transmission
oil
leve¡,
topping
up
asnecessary
.
Tightening
Torques
"
Transmission
crossmember
to
chassis
M8
...............
.
...
.
..
22-24
Nm
(16-17
ft-Ib)
M10
..............
.
..
...
..
.
...
42
Nm
(31
ft-Ib)
"
Transmission
outputflange
to
output
shaft
O
001202
2
Z
:Z
ZZZ~
%
_
j
Stage
I.................
..
.
..
190
Nm
(140
ft-Ib)
Stage
II
(after
loosening)
....
.
.
.
..
120
Nm
(89
ft-Ib)
Fi
g
.
9
.
Indent
at
oil
seal
housing
(1)
.
Punch
holes
in
seal
housing
at
Inputshaft
sea¡,
replacing
(transmission
removed)
Replacement
of
the
inputshaft
sea¡
requires
the
removal
of
thetransmission
from
the
vehicle
as
described
later
in
this
re-
pair
group
.
5
.
Lubricate
new
sea¡with
transmission
oil
and
drive
into
1
.
Remove
clutch
release
bearing
and
release
lever
from
placeusing
BMW
Special
Tool
no
.
23
2
430
or
equiva-
inside
bellhousing
.
lent
.
2
.
Remove
bolts
for
clutch
release-bearing
guide
sleeve,
6
.
Thoroughly
cleanguide
sleeve
mounting
bolts,
sealin
noting
bolt
lengths
.
Remove
sleeve
and
any
spacers
surfaces,
and
threads
in
case
.
Apply
sealer
(Loctite
(shims)
under
¡t
.
See
Fig
.
8
.
242
or
equivalent)
to
guide
sleeve
sealingsurface
and
bolts
.
Reinstall
guide
sleeve
and
spacer(s)
.
0011640
Fig
.
8
.
Clutch
release
bearing
guide
sleeve
bolts
.
(Getrag
transmis-
sion
shown)
.
3
.
With
transmission
on
aworkbench,
remove
input
shaft
sea¡
cover
from
inside
bel¡-housing
.
4
.
Locate
two
indents
in
seal
housing
.
Use
a
punch
or
scribe
to
punch
holes
in
housing
at
indents
.
Thread
two
sheetmetal
screws
into
holes
and
pulí
seal
out
using
screws
.
See
Fig
.
9
.
MANUAL
TRANSMISSION
230-
5
indents
anduse
sheetmetal
screw
(2)
to
pul¡
sea¡
from
trans-
mission
.
NOTE-
Use
care
not
to
scratch
or
damage
input
shaft
.
Use
a
protective
sleeve
or
tape
the
shaft
when
removing
and
installing
the
sea¡
.
Tightening
Torque
"
Guide
sleeveto
transmission
M6xl2
bolt
.......
...
.
.
.........
10
Nm
(89
in-lb)
TRANSMISSION
REMOVAL
AND
INSTALLATION
Removal
and
installation
of
the
transmission
is
best
accom-
plished
ona
lift
using
a
transmission
jack
.
The
engine
must
be
supported
from
above
using
appropriate
support
equipment
.
Thisallows
the
engine
to
pivot
on
its
mounts
to
access
theup-
perTorx-head
bolts
at
the
bellhousing
.
WARNING
-
"
Make
sure
thecar
is
stable
and
well
supported
at
all
times
.
Use
a
professional
automotive
lift
or
jack
stands
designed
for
the
purpose
.
A
floor
jack
is
not
adequate
support
.
"
The
removal
of
the
transmission
may
upset
the
balance
of
the
vehicle
ona
líft
.
TRANSMISSION
REMOVAL
AND
INSTALLATION
Page 231 of 759
2
.
On
MS
270R/A4S
310R
transmissions
:
Remove
front
5
.
Installation
is
reverse
of
Rmoval
.
and
rear
oil
sump
mounting
bolts
andremove
sumps
"
Always
replace
sea¡
for
drain
plug
and
al¡
gasket(s)
andand
sump
gaskets
.
O-rings
.
"
Clean
sump
and
sump
magnet(s)
using
a
lint-free
NOTE-
cloth
.
The
MS
270
R/A4S
310
R
transmissions
may
be
fitted
"
On
MS
270R/A4S310R
transmissions
:
Use
new
bolts
with
ASE
(inch)
bolts
.
at
sump
and
tighten
bolts
in-line,
one
after
other
(do
nottighten
bolts
in
a
cross-wise
pattern)
.
3
.
On
A5S
310Z
transmission
:
Remove
oil
sump
mount-
"
On
MS
310Z
transmission,
be
sureto
instan
rounded
ing
bolts
and
brackets,
noting
position
of
brackets
.
Re-
sump
clamping
brackets
at
corners
of
sump
.
move
"
Fill
transmission
with
approved
fluid
.
sump
and
sump
gasket
.
"
Check
fluid
level
as
described
under
ATF
leve¡,
4
.
Remove
ATF
otra¡ner
mount¡ng
screws
and
remove
checking
.
strainer
together
with
gasket
orO-ring
.
See
Fig
.
4
or
Fig
.
5
.
Fig
.
4
.
A4S
270R/A4S310R
fluid
strainer
mounting
boits
(arrows)
.
Fig
.
5
.
A5S
310Z
fluid
strainer
mounting
boits
(arrows)
.
0013230
AUTOMATIC
TRANSMISSION
240-
3
NOTE-
Use
newsump
bolts
purchased
from
BMW
.
Alternative-
ly,
clean
old
bolts
and
coat
with
Loctite®
thread
locking
compound
or
equivalent
Automatic
Transmission
Fluid
Capacity
(refill
only)
"
MS
270R/A4S310R
Removal
of
large
sump
only
........
3
.0liters
(3.2
qt)
Removal
ofboth
sumps
...........
5
.0liters(5
.3
qt)
"
MS
310Z
..
..
..................
3
.3liters
(3.5
qt)
Tightening
Torques
"
ATF
drain
plug
to
ATF
sump
MS
270R/A4S
310R
..........
..
25
Nm
(18
ft-Ib)
MS
310Z(M10
plug)
..........
..
16
Nm
(12
ft-Ib)
"
ATF
fill
plug
to
ATF
sump
MS
270R/A4S
310R
..........
..
33
Nm
(24
ft-Ib)
MS
310Z(M30
plug)
.....
..
..
:.
100
Nm
(74
ft-Ib)
"
ATF
strainer
to
valve
body
MS
270R/A4S
310R
.....
..
.
...
.
20
Nm
(15
ft-Ib)
MS
310Z
..............
..
.
...
..
6
Nm
(53
in-lb)
"
ATF
sump
to
transmission
MS
270R/A4S
310R
(M6)
.
..
.
..
...
12
Nm
(9
ft-¡b)
MS
310Z
(M6)
..........
..
.
..
...
6
Nm
(53
in-¡b)
TRANSMISSION
SERVICE
Page 234 of 759
240-
6
AUTOMATIC
TRANSMISSION
14
.
Remove
transmission
by
pulling
back
and
down
.
Lower
jack
to
allow
transmission
to
clear
vehicle
.
Tightening
Torques
"
ATF
drain
plug
to
ATF
sump
CA
UTION-
MS
270R/A4S
310R
....
..
....
.
..
25
Nm
(18
ft-Ib)
Do
not
allow
the
torque
converter
to
fati
off
the
ASS
310Z(M10
plug)
..
..
..
.
.
..
.
..
16
Nm
(12
ft-Ib)
transmission
inputshaft
.
"
ATF
fill
plug
to
ATF
sump
MS
270R/A4S
310R
..
..
....
..
..
.
33
Nm
(24
ft-Ib)
15
.
Installation
is
reverse
of
removal,
noting
the
following
:
MS
310Z(M30
plug)
......
.
.
..
.
.
100
Nm
(74
ft-Ib)
"Blowoutofcoolerlineswithlow-pressurecompressed
"
ATF
cooler
lines
(A4S
270R/A4S
310R)
air
and
flush
coolerwith
clean
ATF
twice
before
reat-
Coupling
nuts
............
.
.
..
..
.
20
Nm
(15
ft-Ib)
taching
lines
to
transmission
.
Hollow
bolts
.........
.
.....
..
..
.
37
Nm
(28
ft-Ib)
"
Reinforcing
cross
brace
CAUTION-
to
chassis
(M10)
.............
.
..
.
42
Nm
(31
ft-Ib)
"
Wear
safety
glasses
when
working
with
com-
"
Torque
converter
pressedair
.
to
driveplate
(M10)
.........
..
.
..
45
Nm
(33
ft-Ib)
"
Transmissionsupport
crossmember
to
chassis
"
Do
not
reuse
ATF
after
flushing
.
M8
......................
22-24
Nm
(16-17
ft-1b)
M10
................
.
....
..
.
..
42
Nm
(31
ft-Ib)
"
Install
new
sealing
washers
on
hollow
bolts
.
"
Transmissíon
to
engine
(Torx-head
with
washer)
"
Insta¡¡
new
O-rings
on
transmission
cooler
lines,
where
M8
......................
..
.
..
21
Nm
(15
ft-Ib)
applicable
.
M10
.....................
..
..
.
42
Nm
(31
ft-Ib)
"
Inspect
driveplate
for
cracks
or
elongatedholes
.
Re-
M12
................
.
....
..
.
..
72
Nm
(53ft-Ib)
place
if
necessary
.
"
Check
to
be
sure
torque
converter
is
seated
correctly
in
transmission
during
final
installation
.
"
When
mounting
transmission
to
engine,
the
three
mounting
tabs
on
torque
converter
must
be
aligned
with
indentations
on
driveplate
.
Use
an
alignment
dowel
to
line
up
bolt
holes,
if
necessary
.
"
Fill
transmission
with
clean
ATF
until
oil
leve¡
is
even
with
fill
hole
.
Then
check
fluid
leve¡
as
described
ear-
lier
.
"
Adjust
gearshift
mechanism
.
See
250
Gearshift
link-
age
.
NOTE-
Torx-head
mounting
bolts
shouldalwaysbe
used
with
washers
to
prevent
difficult
removal
.
TRANSMISSION
REMOVAL
AND
INSTALLATION
Page 256 of 759
300-8
SUSPENSION,
STEERING
AND
BRAKES-GENERAL
Tableb
.
Suspension
and
Steering
Troubleshooting
Symptom
1
Probable
cause
Repairs
(Repair
Groups
shown
in
bold)
Car
pulís
to
one
side,
wanders
a
.
Incorrect
tire
pressure
a
.
Check
and
correct
tire
pressures
.
020
b
.
Incorrect
wheel
alignment
b
.
Check
and
adjust
wheel
alignment
.
320
c
.
Faulty
brakes
(pulls
only
when
braking)
I
c
.
Check
for
sticking/damaged
front
caliper
.
340
Steering
heavy,
poor
return-
a
.
Worn
upper
strut
bearing(s)
a
.
Replace
strut
bearings
.
310
to-center
b
.
Incorrect
tire
pressure
b
.
Check
and
correct
tire
pressures
.
020
c
.
Power
steering
system
faulty
c
.
Check
power
steering
fluid
level
.
Test
system
pressure
.
320
Front-end
or
rear-end
vibra-
a
.
Worn
strut
cartridgesor
shock
absorbers
a
.
Replace
strut
cartridges
.
310,
330
tion
or
shimmy
b
.
Worn
suspension
bushings
(control
arm
or
trail-
b
.
Replace
worn
bushings
.
310,
330
ing
arm)
c
.
Worn
front
suspension
ball
joints
(control
arm,
c
.
Replace
worn
ball
joints
.
310
steering
arm
orsteering
tie-rod
end)d
.
Unbalanced
or
bent
wheels/tires
d
.
Balance
tires
.
Check
tiresfor
uneven
wear
pat-
terns
.
Check
wheels
for
damage
.
e
.
Loose
wheel
lug
boits
e
.
Tighten
lug
boits
to
proper
torque
.
Poor
stability,
repeated
bounc-
I
a
.
Worn
strut
cartridgesor
shock
absorbers
I
a
.
Replace
strut
cartridges
.
310,
330
ing
after
bumps,
suspension
bottoms
outeasily
Suspension
noise
(especially
a
.
Worn
front
upper
strut
bearings
a
.
Replaceupper
strut
bearings
.
310
over
bumps)
b
.
Loose
front
strut
cartridge
b
.
Check/tighten
strut
cartridge
collar
nut
.
310
c
.
Worn
suspensionbushings
(control
arm
or
trail-
c
.
Replace
worn
bushings
.
310,
330
ing
arm)d
.
Worn
stabilizer
bar
rubber
mounts
d
.
Replace
stabilizer
bar
rubber
mounts
.
310,
330
e
.
Loose
suspension
crossmember
e
.
Check
crossmember
for
damage
.
Tighten
mounting
boits
.
Uneven
ride
height
a
.
Incorrect
coil
springs
a
.
Measure
ride
height
and
replacesprings
as
re-
quired
.
310,
330
b
.
Bent
or
damaged
suspension
components
b
.
Inspect,
repair/replace
asnecessary
.
310,
330
c
.
Sagging
coil
springs
c
.
Measure
ride
height
and
replace
springs
as
re-
quired
.
310,
330
Wheel
noise,
continuous
I
a
.
Worn
wheel
bearing
I
a
.
Replacewheel
bearing
.
310,
330
growling,
may
be
more
notíce-
able
when
turning
Steering
loose,
imprecise
a
.
Incorrect
tire
pressure
a
.
Check
and
correct
tire
pressures
.
020
-
b
.
Loose
steering
gearmounting
bolt(s)
b
.
Inspect
and
tighten
boits
.
320
c
.
Worn
tie
rodend(s)
c
.
Replace
tie
rod(s)
and
align
wheels
.
320
d
.
Faulty
front
wheel
bearing
d
.
Replace
wheel
bearing
.
310
e
.
Worn
or
damaged
steering
gear
e
.
Adjust
or
replace
steering
gear
.
320
f
.
Worn
tires
f
.
Replace
tires
.
010
SUSPENSION
AND
STEERING
TROUBLESHOOTING
Page 269 of 759
Fig
.
3
.
Power
steering
pump
and
pulley
mounting
bolts
.
6
.
Installation
is
reverse
of
removal,
noting
the
following
:
"
Make
sure
al¡
thread
bores,
bolts,
nuts,
fluid
couplings
and
mating
surfaces
are
clean,
and
that
inside
surface
of
multi-ribbed-belt
is
free
of
grease
and
dirt
.
"
Use
new
sealing
washers
when
reattaching
power
steering
pressure
lines
.
"
Make
sure
hoses
have
adequate
clearance
from
chas-
sis
.
Do
not
over-torque
banjo
bolts
.
"
Fill
and
bleed
power
steering
system
as
described
be-
low
.
Power
steering
system,
bleeding
and
filling
1
.
Wíth
engine
off,
fill
power
steering
fluid
reservoir
with
clean
fluid
.
Fill
levelto
MAX
mark
on
dipstick
.
STEERING
AND
WHEEL
ALIGNMENT
320-
3
STEERING
GEAR
A
cutaway
of
the
power-assisted
rack-and-pinion
power
steering
gear
is
shown
in
Fig
.
4
.
The
rack
is
designed
to
be
maintenance
free
.
Pinion
Fig
.
4
.
Cutaway
of
rack-and-pinion
steering
gear
.
Tightening
Torques
"
Hydraulic
hoses
to
power
steering
pump
?he
steering
gear
and
linkage
require
no
maintenance
oth-
M10
banjo
bolt
.........
..
.
...
...
.
12
Nm
(9
ft-Ib)
er
than
alignment
and
a
periodic
inspection
for
worn
compo
M14
banjo
bolt
..............
..
..
35
Nm
(26
ft-Ib)
nents
.
M16
banjo
bolt
..............
...
.
40
Nm
(30
ft-Ib)
"
Power
steering
pump
to
bracket
Steering
gear
rack,
removing
and
installing
(self-locking
nuts)
.............
..
.
22
Nm
(16
ft-Ib)
"
Power
steering
pump
bracket
to
engine
1
.
Empty
power
steering
fluid
reservoir
using
clean
sy-
block
or
oil
pan
(self-locking
nuts)
...
22
Nm
(16
ft-lb)
ringe
.
Do
not
reuse
fluid
.
2
.
Disconnect
negative
(-)
cable
from
battery
and
cover
terminal
with
insulating
material
.
CAUTION-
Prior
to
disconnectiog
the
battery,
read
the
battery
disconnection
cautions
given
at
the
front
of
this
manual
on
page
viii
.
2
.
Start
engine
.
Slowly
turn
steering
wheelfrom
lock
to
lock
a
minimum
of
two
times
.
3
.
Carefully
remove
airbag
from
frontof
steering
wheel
.
See
721
Airbag
System
(SRS)
.
Store
airbag
unit
in
a
sale
3
.
Turn
engine
off
and
check
fluid
leve¡,
adding
fluid
if
nec-
place
.
essary
.
4
.
Make
sure
front
wheelsare
pointed
straight
ahead
.
5
.
Remove
outer
tie
rod
ball
joínt
nuts,
thenseparate
outer
tie
rod
ends
from
steering
arms
using
appropriate
press
tools
.
6
.
Disconnect
power
steering
hose
from
fluid
reservoir
.
STEERING
GEAR
Page 287 of 759
GENERAL
......
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.....
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
331-1
Final
Drive
Oil
Seals
.
.
...
.
.
.
.......
.
.
.
.
.
331-1
Finaldrive
flange
oil
sea¡,
replacing
....
.
.
.
..
331-2
FINAL
DRIVE
SERVICE
.
.....
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
331-1
Finaldrive
inputshaft
oil
seal,
replacing
.
.
.
.
.
331-3
Final
drive
oí¡,
draining
and
filling
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
331-1
Finaldrive
unit,
removíng
and
installing
.
.
.
.
.
.
331-3
GENERAL
This
repa¡r
group
covers
repair
operations
that
do
not
re-
quire
complicated
disassembly
of
the
final
drive
.
Internal
re-
pairs
and
final
drive
disassembly
are
not
covered
in
this
manual
.
FINAL
DRIVE
SERVICE
Al¡
final
drive
work
requires
some
method
of
raising
thecar
and
supporting
it
securely
while
the
work
is
performed
.
Jack
stands
and
a
floor
jack
can
easily
be
used,
but
use
extreme
caution
when
working
beneath
the
car
.
See010
Fundamen-
tais
for
the
Do-It-Yourself
Owner
.
NOTE-
Removal
of
final
drive
carrier
is
covered
in
330
Rear
Suspension
.
Final
drive
oil,
draining
and
filling
1
.
Drive
car
to
warm
final
drive
fluid
.
2
.
Raise
car
and
support
safely
.
WARNING
-
Make
sure
that
thecar
is
firmly
supported
on
jack
standsdesigned
for
the
purpose
.
Place
the
jack
standsbeneatha
structural
chassis
point
.
Do
not
place
jack
stands
under
suspension
parts
.
5
.
Fill
final
drive
with
appropriate
type
and
quantity
of
lu-
bricant
.
Insta¡¡
and
tighten
fill
plug
.
331
Final
Drive
0
Fig
.
1
.
Final
drivedrain
plug
(A)
and
fill
plug
(B)
.
D
NOTE-
The
final
drive
fluid
level
is
correct
when
the
fluid
begins
to
spill
from
the
fill
plug
.
Final
Drive
Oil
Seals
FINAL
DRIVE
331-1
0013113
Final
DriveDrain
and
Fill
"
Oil
specifications
w/o
limited
slip
.
.......
BMW
SAF-XO
Synthetic
Oil
with
limited
slip
.
......
BMW
SAF-XIS
Synthetic
Oil
"
Final
drive
oil
capacity
4-cylinder
.
.
.
...
................
1
.1
liters
(1
.2
qt)
6-cylinder
.
.
.
...
................
1
.7liters(1.8
qt)
3
.
Place
a
drain
pail
below
final
drive
andremove
drain
and
fill
plugfrom
final
drive
.
See
Fig
.
1
.
Low
oil
level
caused
by
faulty
oil
seals
may
be
the
cause
of
noisy
final
drive
operation
or
limited-slip
chatter
.
The
drive
NOTE-
flange
(side)
and
inputshaft
(front)
oil
seals
can
be
replaced
"
Use
a14
mm
alíen
bit
socket
to
remove
the
drain
plug
.
while
the
final
drive
is
installed
.
Alternatively,
cut
approximately
30
mm
(1
.2
in)
from
an
alíen
key
and
usea
box
end
wrenchon
the
key
NOTE-
stub
.
Do
not
mistake
leaking
CV
joints
for
flangeseal
leaks
.
4
.
Install
and
tighten
drain
plug
.
It
may
be
helpful
to
degrease
the
final
drive
to
pinpoint
the
source
of
the
leak
prior
to
replacing
seals
.
FINAL
DRIVE
SERVICE
Page 288 of 759
331-2
FINAL
DRIVE
Make
sure
that
the
car
is
firm1y
supportedon
Tjack
.
.-
"
:
.-
:
.
n
-
2
.
Detach
drive
axle(s)
from
final
drive
.
See330
Rear
Suspension
.
CA
UTION-
Suspend
the
detached
drive
axlefrom
the
car
body
with
a
stiff
wire
hook
to
prevent
damage
to
the
outer
CV
joint
.
Fig
.
3
.
Drive
flange
snap
ring
(arrow)
to
be
removed
from
final
drive
3
.
Pry
drive
flange
from
final
drive
.
See
Fig
.
2
.
housing
.
Fig
.
2
.
Drive
flange
being
pried
off
.
For
leverage,
use
a
wooden
dowel
as
shown
.
4
.
Remove
wire(snap)
ring
from
final
drive
opening
.
See
Fig
.
3
.
NOTE-
Inspect
flangeat
the
point
where
the
oil
seal
rides
on
the
shaft
.
Replace
the
flange
assembly
if
there
is
agrooveworn
in
the
shaft
FINAL
DRIVE
SERVICE
9
.
Attach
drive
axle
and
tighten
bolts
.
10
.
Top
off
final
drive
with
ofl
.
B315
5
.
Pry
old
oil
sea¡
from
its
recess
using
a
hooked
seal
re-
moval
tool,
or
a
large
screwdriver
.
Use
pan
to
catch
draining
fluid
.
CA
UTION-
Be
careful
not
to
mar
the
final
drive
housing
when
removing
the
sea¡
.
6
.
Dip
new
seal
in
final
drive
lubricant
and
drive
seal
into
place
untilfully
seated
.
7
.
Insta¡¡
new
snap
ringin
groove
of
final
drive
housing
.
Make
sureboth
ends
ofring
are
fully
seated
in
groove
.
8
.
Insta¡¡
drive
flangeby
pressing
it
in
by
hand
until
snap
ring
engages
.
It
may
benecessary
to
turn
drive
flange
slightly
while
pushing
.
Tightening
Torque
"
Drive
axle
to
final
drive
flange
M8
Torx
bolt
..
..................
64
Nm
(47
ft-Ib)
M10
Torx
bolt
.
.................
100
Nm
(74
ft-Ib)
Page 291 of 759
Brake
rotor,
removing
and
installing
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
340-7
MASTER
CYLINDER
............
.
.
.
.
.
.
.340-7
Master
cylinder,
removing
and
installing
.
...
.
340-7
GENERAL
TROUBLESHOOTING
WARNING
-
"
Although
semi-metallic
and
metallic
Brake
friction
materials
in
Brake
pads
or
shoes
no
longer
con-
tain
asbestos,
they
produce
dangerous
dust
.
"
Brake
fluid
is
poisonous,
highly
corrosive
and
dangerous
to
the
environment
Wear
safety
glasses
and
rubber
gloves
when
working
with
Brake
fluid
.
Do
not
siphonBrake
fluid
with
your
mouth
.
Immediately
clean
away
any
fluid
spilled
on
painted
surfaces
and
wash
with
water,
asBrake
fluid
will
remove
paint
.
"
Always
use
new
Brake
fluid
froma
fresh,
un-
opened
container
.
Brake
fluid
will
absorb
mois-
ture
from
the
air
.
This
canlead
to
corrosion
problems
in
the
brakingsystem,
and
will
also
low-
er
the
Brake
fluid's
boiling
point
.
Dispose
of
Brake
fluid
properly
.
"
Do
notreuse
self-locking
nuts,bolts
or
fasteners
.
They
are
designed
to
be
used
only
once
and
may
failif
reused
.
Always
replace
them
with
new
self-
locking
fasteners
.
BMW
E36
models
areequipped
with
vacuum
power-assist-
ed
four-wheel
disc
brakes
with
an
integral
Antilock
Brake
Sys-
tem
(ABS)
.
Single-pistoncalipers
act
on
solid
or
vented
front
rotors
and
solid
rear
rotors
.
A
brake
pad
wear
sensor
for
each
axle
indicates
when
brake
padsneed
replacement
.
The
dual
drum-type
parking
brakesystem
is
integrated
with
the
rear
brake
rotors
.
NOTE-
M3
models
havevented
directional
Brake
rotors
on
the
rearaxle
as
well
ason
the
front
.
340
Brakes
BRAKES
340-1
GENERAL
.
.
.
.
.
.
.........
.
.
.
..........
340-1
BRAKE
BOOSTER
.........
.
.
.
.
.
...
.
.
.
.
340-8
TROUBLESHOOTING
.......
.
......
.
...
340-1
Brake
booster,
removing
and
installing
....
.
.
340-8
PARKING
BRAKE
.
.....
.
...
.
.
.
.....
.
.
.
340-10
BLEEDING
BRAKES
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..........
340-3
Parking
brake,adjusting
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.....
.
340-10
Pressure
bleeding
brakes
Parking
brake
shoes,
removing
and
installing
.
340-11(except
cars
with
AST)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
...
.
.
.
.
.340-3
Parking
Brake
cable,
replacing
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
340-11
BRAKE
PADS,
CALIPERS,
ANTILOCK
BRAKE
SYSTEM
(ABS)
.
.
.
.340-11
AND
ROTORS
..........
.
.......
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
340-3
ABS
System
Inspection
.
...
.
.......
.
.
.
..
340-12
Brake
pads,
replacing
............
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
340-4
ABS
wheel
speed
sensors,
replacing
.
.
.
.
..
340-12
Brake
caliper,
removing
and
installing
.
..
..
.
340-6
TABLES
a
.
Brake
System
Troubleshooting
.....
...
.
.
.....
.340-2
b
.
Brake
Rotor
Reconditioning
Specifications
.
.....
.340-7
Brakeperformance
is
mainly
affected
by
three
things
:
the
leve¡
and
condition
of
the
brake
fluid,
the
system's
abilíty
to
create
and
maintain
hydraulic
pressure,
and
the
condition
of
the
friction
components
.
Air
in
the
Brake
fluid
will
make
the
Brake
pedal
feel
spongy
during
braking
or
will
increase
the
Brake
pedalforce
required
to
stop
.
Fluid
contaminated
by
moisture
or
dirt
can
corrode
the
system
.
Inspect
the
Brake
fluid
inside
the
reservoir
.
Ifit
is
dirty
or
murky,
or
is
over
a
year
old,
the
fluid
should
be
replaced
.
Visually
check
the
hydraulic
system
startingat
the
master
cylinder
.
To
check
the
function
of
the
master
cylinder
hold
the
brake
pedal
down
hard
with
the
engine
running
.
The
pedal
should
feelsolid
and
stay
solid
.
If
the
pedal
slowly
falls
to
the
floor,
either
the
master
cylinder
is
leaking
internally,
or
fluid
is
leaking
externally
.
If
no
leaks
canbe
found,
the
master
cylin-
der
is
faulty
and
should
be
replaced
.
Check
all
Brake
fluid
lines
and
couplings
for
leaks,
kinks,
chafing
and
corrosion
.
Check
the
Brake
booster
by
pumping
the
Brake
pedal
ap-
proximately
10
times
with
the
engine
off
.
Hold
the
pedal
down
and
start
the
engine
.
The
pedal
should
fa¡¡
slightly
.
If
not,
check
for
any
visiblefaults
before
suspecting
a
faulty
brake
booster
.
Check
for
strong
vacuum
at
the
vacuum
hose
fitting
at
the
booster,
and
check
the
non-retum
valve
for
one-way
flow
.
Worn
or
contaminated
brake
pads
will
cause
poor
braking
performance
.
Oil-contaminated
or
glazed
pads
will
cause
stopping
distances
to
increase
.
Inspect
the
rotors
for
glazing,
discoloration
and
scoring
.
Steering
wheel
vibration
while
braking
at
speed
is
often
caused
by
warped
rotors,
but
can
also
be
caused
byworn
suspension
components
.
TROUBLESHOOTING