Diesel engine in-car repair procedures
2C*11
5.31c ... followed by the Woodruff key
rocking motion to remove It, Note that the sprocket Is located by an integral key. Inspection 23 With the sprocket removed, examine the crankshaft oil seal for signs of leaking. If necessary, refer to Section 8 and renew it. 24 Check the sprocket teeth for damage. Also check the key and if necessary renew it. 25 Wipe clean the sprocket and crankshaft mating surfaces. Refitting 26 Slide the sprocket onto the crankshaft and engage the key with the slot In the crankshaft. 27 Refit the bolt, washer and spacer and tighten the bolt to the specified torque white holding the crankshaft stationary using the method described in paragraph 21. 28 Refit the timing belt as described in Sectton 4.
6.3a Support bracket positions on the camshaft cover
5.31a Use a puller to release the sprocket from the injection pump shaft
5.35 Tightening the injection pump sprocket bolt
Injection pump sprocket
Removal 29 Remove the timing belt as described In Section 4. 30 Using a suitable tool hold Ihe injection pump sprocket stationary, then unscrew the nut securing the sprocket to the injection pump shaft (see illustration). 31 Using a suitable puller remove the sprocket from the end of the injection pump shaft and recover the Woodruff key from the groove (see illustrations),
Inspection 32 With the sprocket removed, check the sprocket teeth for damage. Also check the key and if necessary renew It. 33 Wipe clean the sprocket and injection pump shaft,
5.31b Removo tho injection pump sprocket...
Refitting 34 Locate the key in the groove making sure that it is fully Inserted and parallel with the shaft surface. 35 Refit the sprocket onto the Injection pump shaft then refit the bolt and washer and tighten the bolt to the specified torque while holding the sprocket stationary (soe illustration). 36 Refit the timing belt as described In Section 4,
6 Camshaft cover -removal and refitting ^
Removal 1 Remove the air ducting from the camshaft cover as described in Chapter 40, Section 2. 2 Unclip the coolant hoses from the camshaft cover and tie them out of tho way. 3 Note the position of the support brackets then progressively unscrew the mounting bolts from the top of the camshaft cover and lilt off the cover (see illustrations). If it sticks, do not attempt to lever it off • instead free it by working around the cover and tapping it lightly with a soft-faced mallet. 4 Recover the camshaft cover gasket. Inspect the gasket carefully, and renew It if damage or deterioration is evident (see illustration). 5 Clean the mating surfaces of the cylinder head and camshaft cover thoroughly, removing all traces of oil and old gasket • take oaro to avoid damaging the surfaces as you do this.
6.4 ... and gasket
Diesel engine in-car repair procedures 2C*11
r
<3^
9.46a The locating dowel in the cylinder block 43 It is possible for the ptston crowns to stnke and damage the valve heads, if the camshaft is rotated v/ith the timing belt removed and the crankshaft set to TDC. For this reason, the crankshaft must be set to a position other than TDC on No t cylinder before the cylinder head is refitted. Use a socket on the crankshaft pulley centre bolt to turn the crankshaft in its normal direction of rotation, until all four pistons are positioned Halfway down their bores, v/ith No 1 piston on lis upstroke - approximately 90° before TDC.
Refitting 44 If the manifolds are being refitted before refitting the cylinder head proceed as follows, otherwise fit the manifolds later when the head is refitted. Ensure thai the inlet and exhaust manifold mating surfaces are completely clean, then locale the new gasket on the studs. 45 Locate the inlet and exhaust manifolds together with the turbocharger, where applicable, on the studs. Refit the nuts and washers and tighten to the specified torque.
sequence
f^/f
9.52b Tighten the cylinder head bolts to the Stage 1 and Stage 2 settings using a torque wrench
on the block 46 Lay the new head gasket on the cylinder block engaging it with the locating dowel. The word ALTO must be uppermost (see illustrations). 47 As a means of locating Ihe cylinder head accurately, cut the heads from two of the old cylinder head bolts. Cut a slot, big enough for a screwdriver blade, in the end of each bolt. These can be used as alignment dowels to assist in cylinder head refitting, however If the head is being refitted without the manifolds it is not necessary to take this action. 48 With the help of an assistant, place the cylinder head assembly centrally on the cylinder block ensuring thai the locating dowels engage with Ihe holes in the cylinder head. Check that the head gasket Is correctly seatod before allowing the full weight of the cylinder head to rest on it. 49 Where necessary, unscrew the home-made alignment dowels, using a flat bladed screwdriver. 50 The oyllnder head bolt threads must be clean. Dip the bolts in engine oil. and allow them to drain for thirty minutes. 51 Carefully enter each bolt with washer into its relevant hole (do not drop them in) and screw in, by hand only, until finger-tight. 52 Working progressively and In the sequence shown, first tighten the cylinder head bolts to their Stage 1 torque setting, using a torque wrench and suitable socket (see illustrations). Go round again, in the sequence shown, and tighten the bolls to the Stage 2 torque setting. 53 Once all the bolts have been tightened to their Stage 2 setting, working again in the
bolts to the Stage 3 and Stage 4 settings
9.46c The word ALTO must be uppermost
given sequence, angle-tighten the bolts through the specified Stage 3 angle, using a socket and extension bar (see illustration). It Is recommended that an angle-measuring gauge is used during this stage of the tightening, to ensure accuracy. If a gauge is not available, use white paint to make alignment marks between the bolt head and cylinder head prior to tightening; the marks can then be used to check tho bolt has been rotated through the correct angle during tightening. Repeat for the Stage 4 setting. 54 Refit the cylinder head front retaining bolts and tighten lo the specified torque. 55 Refit the camshaft cover together with a new gasket and tighten the bolts progressively to the specified torque. 56 The remaining procedure is a reversal of the removal procedure noting the following points. a) Tighten all nut and bolts to the specified torque where given. b) When refitting the metal coolant pipe to the coolant pump, use a new O-ring (see illustration). cj Refit the timing belt with reference to Section 4. d) Use a new exhaust front pipe gasket. e) Refit the auxiliary dhvebeltfs) as described in Chapter 1B. f) Refer to Chapter 4C when refitting the
air
cleaner and air duct. g) Refill the cooling system and fill the engine with new oil with reference to Chapter 1B. 57 Refer to Chapter 20 when starting the engine for the first time.
9.56 Use a new O-ring on the coolant pipe before refitting it to the pump
2C*2 Diesel engine in-car repair procedures
10.2 Locking the flywheel using a homo* made tool
10 Flywheel - £ removal, inspection § and refitting ^
Removal 1 Remove the transmission and clutch as described in Chapter 7A and 6, 2 Lock the tlywheei in position using a home-made locking tool, fabricated from a piece of scrap metal. Boll it to one of the transmission belihousing mounting holes (see illustration). Mark the position of the flywheel with respect to the crankshaft using a dab of paint. Note that although there is only one location dowel on the flywheel, there are two holes In the end ol the crankshaft and it Is therefore possible to locate tne flywheel 180v out resulting in the timing mark being In Ihe incorrect position. 3 Unscrew and remove the flywheol mounting bolts then lift olf the llywheel. Recover the spacer piate (see illustrations). Discard the flywheol retaining bolts: new ones must be used on refitting,
Inspection 4 If the flywheel's clutch mating surface >s deeply scored, cracked or otherwise damaged, the flywhoel must be renewed. However, H may be possible to have It surface-ground: seek the advice of a Fiat dealer or engine reconditioning specialist, 5 If the ring gear Is bsdly worn or has missing teeth, the flywheel must be renewed.
Refitting 6 Clean the mating surfaces of the flywheel and crankshaft. Remove any remaining locking compound from the threads of the crankshaft holes, using the correct-size tap, if available.
HBTiffSrl If a suitable tap Is not
Wijlilfil
available, cut two slots down HlNTi threads of one of the old 1 J flywheel bolts with a hacksaw, and use the bolt to removo the locking compound form tho threads.
7 If the now flywheel retaining bous are not
10.8a Location dowel on the flywheel
supplied with their threads already pre* coated, apply a suitable thread-locking compound to the threads of each bolt. 8 Otter up the flywheel to the crankshaft, using the abgnment marks made during removal, and fit the new retaining oolts together with the spacer plate (see Illustrations). 9 Lock the flywheel using Ihe method employed on dismantling, and tighten the retaining bolts to the specified torque. 10 Refit the clutch as described in Chapter 6. Remove the locking tool and refit the transmission as described in Chapter 7A,
11 Engine mountings -inspection and renewal
Inspection 1 Firmly apply the handbrake, then jack up the front of the car and support it securely on axle stands (see Jacking and vehicle support). 2 Check the mounting rubbers to see if they are cracked, hardened or separated from the metal ai any point; renew Ihe mounting if any such damage or deterioration is evident. 3 Check that all the mounting's fasteners are securely tightened, 4 Using a large screwdriver or a crowbar, check for wear In the mounting by carefully levering against il to check for free ploy. Where this is not possible enlist the aid of an assistant to move the onglno/transmission back and forlh. or from side lo side, while you watch the mounting While some free play is to be
10.8b Inserting tho flywheel bolts
expected even from new components, axcessive wear should be obvious. II excessive free play Is found, check first that the fasteners are correctly secured, then renew any worn components as described below.
Renewal Right-hand mounting 5 If not already done, firmly apply the handbrake, then jack up the front ot tho car and support it securely on axle stands (see Jacking and vohicle support), 6 Place a trolley lack beneath the right-hand side of the engine, with a block of wood on Ihe jack head. Raise the jack until it is supporting the weight of the engine. 7 Unscrew the bolts securing the nght-hand mounting to the body (see illustration). 8 Unscrew the special long nut securing the mounting to Ihe engine and recover the washers.
11.7 Right-hand engine mounting viewed from below
11.15 Left-hand engine mounting viewed from below 9 lower the engine sufficiently to remove the mounting from the engine bracket. 10 Locate the new mounting in the engine bracket, refit the nut and washers and tighten securely. 11 Raise the engine and refit and tighten the mounting-to-body bolts. 12 Remove the trolley jack and lower the vehicle to the ground. Left-hand mounting 13 If not already done, firmly apply the handbrake, then jack up the front of the car and support It securely on axle stands (see
Jacking
and vehicle support). 14 Place a trolley jack beneath the trans-mission. with a block of wood on the jack head. Raise the jack until it is supporting the weight of the engine/transmission. 15 Unscrew the bolts securing the left-hand mounting to the body (see Illustration). 16 Unscrew the nut securing the mounting to the transmission bracket and recover the washers. 17 Lower the transmission sufficiently to remove the mounting from the transmission bracket. 18 Locate the new mounting in the transmission bracket, refit the nut and washers and tighten securely. 19 Raise the engine and refil and tighten the mounting-to-body bolts. 20 Remove the trolley jack and lower the vehicle to the ground. Rear mounting 21 If not already done, firmly apply the handbrake, then jack up the front of the car and support it securely on axle stands (see
Jacking
and vehicle support). 22 Working beneath the vehicle, unscrew the bolts securing the rear engine mounting to the underbody (see illustration). 23 Temporarily support the weight of the engine/transmission using a trolley jack. 24 Unbolt the rear mounting assembly from the transmission and withdraw from under the vehicle. 25 Unscrew the bolt and separate the bracket from the mounting. 28 Fitting the new mounting is a reversal of tha removal procedure.
Diesel engine in-car repair procedures 2C*11
11.22 Rear engine mounting viewed from below
12 Sump -removal and refitting
Removal 1 Disconnect the battery negativo terminal (refer to Disconnecting the battery in the Reference Section of this manual). 2 Firmly apply the handbrake, then jack up the front of the car and support it securely on axie stands (see Jacking and vehicle support). 3 Drain the engine oil as described in Chap-ter 1B. Where applicable, remove the screws and lower the engine undertray away from the vehicle. 4 On turbo models disconnect the turbo-charger oil drain hose from the sump (see illustration). 5 Working around the outside of the sump, progressively loosen and withdraw the sump retaining bolts. 6 Break the joint by striking the sump with the palm of your hand, then lower the sump and withdraw it from underneath the vehicle. Recover and discard the sump gasket. 7 While the sump Is removed, take the opportunity to check the oil pump pick-up/strainer for signs of clogging. If necessary, clean or renew the strainer.
Refitting 8 Thoroughly clean the sump inside and out ensuring that all traces of gasket are removed from the mating surfaces of both the sump and the cylinder block/crankcase.
12.4 Turbocharger-to-sump oil drain hose
9 Ensure that the mating surfaces are clean and dry, then apply a little grease to the surface of the sump. This will retain the gasket in position while refitting the sump. 10 Lay the new sump gasket In position on the sump mating surface, then offer up the sump and refit the retaining bolts. Tighten the bolts evenly and progressively lo the specified torque. 11 On turbo models reconnect the turbo-charger oil drain hose. 12 Lower the vehicle to the ground then refer to Chapter 1B and refill the engine with the specified grade and quantity of oil. 13 Reconnect the battery negative terminal.
13 Oil pump and pick-up tube -removal, inspection and refitting
Removal 1 The oil pump Is mounted on the timing belt end of the cylinder block and is driven by flats on the crankshaft nose. Incorporated In the oil pump body is the crankshaft oil seal. 2 Remove the timing belt as described in Section 4, and the crankshaft sprocket as described in Section 5. 3 Remove the sump as described in Section 12. 4 Unscrew the bolts securing Ihe pick-up tube to the bottom of the oil pump. Also unscrew the bolt securing the tube to the No 2 main bearing cap. Withdraw the tube from the oil pump and crankcase. Recover the gasket (see illustrations).
13.4a Removing the oil pump pick-up tube... 13.4b ... and gasket
2D*10 Engine removal and overhaul procedures
Valves and associated components 35 Examine the head of each vaive for pitting, burning, cracks, and general wear. Check the valve stem for scoring and wear ridges. Rotate the valve, and check lor any obvious indication that it Is bent. Look tor pits or excessive wear on the tip of each valve stem. Renew any valve that shows any such signs of wear or damage. 36 if the valve appears satisfactory at this stage, measure the vaive stem diameter at several points using a micrometer. Any significant difference in the readings obtained Indicates wear of the valve stem. Should any of these conditions be apparent, the valve(s) must be renewed. 37 If the valves are In satisfactory condition, they should be ground (lapped) into their respective seats, to ensure a smooth, gas-tight seal. If the seat is only tightly pitted, or if it has been re-cut, fine grinding compound only should be used to produce the required finish. Coarse valve-grinding compound should nor be used, unless a seat is badly bumed or deeply pitted, If this is the case, the cylinder head and valves should be Inspected by an expert, to decldo whether seat re-cutting, or even the renewal of the valve or seat insert (where possible) is required. 38 Valve grinding Is carried out as follows. Place the cylinder head upside-down on blocks on a bench. 39 Smear a trace of (the appropriate grade of) valve-gnndtng compound on the seat face, and press a suction grinding tool onto the valve head. With a semi-rotary action, grind
6.48 Compressing the vaive spring and fitting the split collets
them
the valve head to its seat, lifting the valve occasionally to redistribute tho grinding compound (see Illustration). A light spring placed under the valve head will greatly ease this operation 40 If coarse grinding compound Is being used, v/ork only until a dull, matt even surface Is produced on both the valve seal and the valve, then wipe off tho used compound, and repeat the process with fine compound. When a smooth unbroken ring ol light grey malt finish Is produced on both the valve and seat, the grinding operation is complete. Do not grind-In the valves any further than absolutely necessary, or the seat will be prematurely sunk into the cylinder head. 41 When all the valves have been ground-m, carefully wash off all traces of grinding compound using paraffin or a suitable solvent, before reassembling the cylinder head. 42 Examine the valve springs for signs of damage ano discoloration, If possible compare the length of the springs with new ones and renew them if necessary. 43 Stand each spring on a flat surface, and check ft tor squareness. If any of the springs are damaged, distorted or have lost mar tension, obtain a complete new set of springs. It Is normal to renew the valve springs as a matter of course if a major overhaul is being earned out. 44 Renew (he valve stem oil seals regardless of their apparent condition.
Reassembly 45 Lubricate the stems of the valves, and insert the valves into their original locations
6.53 Tightening the camshaft bearing cap nuts (diesel engines)
6.46 Using a socket to press the valve stem seals onto the guides
(see illustration). If new valves are being fitted, insert them Into the locations to which they have been ground. 46 Refit the spring sea( then, working on the first valve, dip the new valve stem sesl in fresh engine oil. Carefully locate it over the valve and onto the guide. Take care not to damage the seal as it Is passed over the valve stem. Use a suitable socket or metal tube to press the seal firmly onto the guide (sea Illustration). 47 Locate the valve spring on top of its seat, then refit the spring retainer. 48 Compress the valve spring, and locate the split collets in the recess in the valve stem. Release the compressor, then repeat the procedure on the remaining valves (see illustration)
Use a dab o) grease to hold Uiejitts* the collets In position on the HlNT valve stem while the spring compressor is released.
49 With ail the valves Installed, place the cylinder head on blocks on the bench and, using a hammer and Interposed block ol wood, top the end of each valve stem to settle the components. 50 On diesel engines, refit the swirl chambers together with their washers and tighten the retaining collars to the specified torque. 51 Oil the cam followers and locate them In their correct positions in the cylinder head. Locate the shims In the cam followers making sure they are in their original positions. 52 Oil the journals then locate the camshaft m the cylinder head with the cam lobes of No 1 cylinder facing upwards (ie No 1 cylinder at TDC). 53 Refit the bearing caps In their correct positions and progressively tighten the nuts/bolts to the specified torque (sea illustration). On petrol engines locate the lubrication pipe on Ihe head and press in the oil feed stub before refitting the bolts. 54 On diesel engines fit a new oil sea) to the right-hand side mount, then refit both side mounts together with new gaskets, Tighten the right-hand mount bolts. Also refit the coolant cover and thermostat housing together with new gaskets (see illustrations).
3*1
Chapter 3
Cooling, heating and ventilation systems
Contents
Air conditioning system - general Information and precautions .... 9 Mr conditioning system components * removal and refitting 10 Antifreeze mixture See Chapter 1A or 1B Auxiliary drivebell(s) check and renewal See Chapter 1A or IB Coolant level check See Weekly checks Coolant pump - removal, Inspection and refitting 7 Coolant renewal See Chapter 1A or 1B
Degrees of difficulty
Cooling fan switch - testing, removal and refitting 6 Cooling system hoses • disconnection and renewal 2 Electric cooling fan(s) - testing, removal and refitting 5 General information and precautions 1 Heater/ventilation components • removal and refitting 8 Radiator - removal, inspection and refitting 3 Thermostat - removal, testing and refitting 4
Easy,
suitable foe JS^, novice
with
little experience ^
Fairly
easy,
sutable for beginner witti
some experience
^
Faiilydifltctit,
suitable
for competent
DIY mechanic
^
Difficult,
sutable for & experienced DIY « mechanic ^
VerydMlcult, ^
suitable
for
expert DIY
« or professional
Specifications
General Expansion tank relief valve opening pressure 0.96 bar Coolant pump Impeller-to-casing clearance: Diesel engine models 0.53 to 1.37 mm Petrol engine models 0.4 to 0.9 mm
Thermostat Diesel engine models: Opening temperature: Starts to open 78 to 82*0 Fully open 88°C Maximum valve travel (approximate) 7.5 mm Petrol engine models: Opening temperature: 1108 cc and 1242 cc (8-valve) engines: Starts to open 85 to 89°C Fully open 100°C 1242 cc (16-valve) engines: Starts to open 81 to 85°C Fully open 103°C Maximum valve lift (approximate) 7.5 mm
Electric cooling fan Petrol engine models with single speed fan: Cut-in temperature 90to94°C Cut-out temperature B5 to 89°C Diesel engine models with twin speed fan: Cut-In temperature: Primary fan 86 to 90® C Secondary fan 90 to 94°C Cut-out temperature: Primary fan 81to85°C Secondary fan 85 to 89°C
Torque wrench settings Nm tbfft Coolant pump pulley securing bolts (diesel engine models) 23 17 Coolant pump securing bolts: Diesel engine models 23 17 Petrol engine models 8 6 Coolant pump securing nuts (petrol engine models) 10 7
3*2 Cooling, heating and ventilation systems
12 If tho pump is stuck, tap It gently using a soft-faced mallet • do not lever between the pump and cylinder block mating faces.
Inspection 13 Check the pump body and impeller for signs of excessive corrosion. Turn the impeller, and check for stiffness due to corrosion, or roughness due to excessive end play. 14 Check the clearance between the pump Impeller and the casing using a feeler blade (see Illustration). If the clearance is different to that given In the Specifications, the pump must be renewed. No spare components are available; the pump can only be renewed as a complete assembly. 15 On diesel engine models, remove the O-rlng at the end ol the transfer pipe, which runs behind Ihe cylinder block and fits Into the rear of the coolant pump. A new O-rlng should be fitted as a matter of course.
Refitting
Petrol engine models 16 Commence refitting by thoroughly cleaning all traces of sealant from the mating faces of the pump and cylinder block/pump housing. 17 Apply a continuous bead of sealant {liquid gasket) to the cylinder block mating face of the pump, taking care not to apply excessive sealant, which may enter the pump itself (see Illustration). 18 Place the pump In position In Its housing, then refit and lighten the bolts/nuts to the specified torque. 19 Refit the liming belt as described In Chapter 2A or 28. 20 Refit the auxiliary drivebeltfs) and refill the cooling system as described in Chapter
t
A. 21 Reconnect Ihe battery negative terminal. Diesel engine models 22 Commence refitting by thoroughly cleaning all traces of old gasket from the mating faces of the pump housing and cylinder block. 23 Place a new gasket in position on (he cylinder block, locate the pump in position, then refit and tighten the bolts (see
7.17 On petrol engine models, apply a continuous bead of sealant (liquid gasket) to the pump mating face
pump Impeller and the casing using a feeler blode (diesel engine) illustration). Ensure that the end of the coolant transfer pipe seats firmly In tho port at the rear of the coolant pump, without displacing the O-ring seal. 24 Refit Ihe pump pulley, then refit the securing bolts and tighten to the specified torque. Counterhofd the pulley using the same method employed during removal. 25 Where applicable, refit the power steering pump with reference to Chapter 10. 26 Refit and tension the auxiliary drivebelt(s) as described in Chapter 18. 27 Refill (he cooling system as desenbed in Chapter 1B. 28 Reconnect the battery negative terminal.
8 Heater/ventilation components - § removal and refitting
Complete heater assembly
A
Warning: On mode's fitted with air conditioning, do not attempt to remove the cooling unit, which Is located between the heater blower motor casing and the main heater assembly. Romovat of the cooling unit entails disconnection of refrigerant lines - refer to Section 10 for precautions to be observed.
rfJS
8.3 Slacken the clips (arrowed) and detach the heater unit coolant hoses from the ports at the bulkhead
4A«1
Chapter 4 Part A:
Fuel system - single-point petrol injection models
Contents
Accelerator cable • removal, refitting and adjustment 4 Air cleaner and inlet system - removal and refitting 2 Air cleaner filter element renewal See Chapter 1A Engine management system components - removal 8nd refitting .. 5 fuel filter renewal See Chapter 1A Fuel injection system - depressurlsatlon 8 Fuel injection system • testing and adjusting 10
Degrees of difficulty
Fuel pump/fuel gauge sender unit - removal and refitting 8 Fuel tank - removal and refitting 7 General information and precautions 1 Idle speed and mixture adjustment See Chapter 1A Inlet air temperature regulator • removal and refitting 3 Inlet manifold - removal and refitting 9 Unleaded petrol - general Information and usage 11
Easy, suitable for Fairty easy, suitable Fairly difficult, Jx suitable for competent ^ OY mechanic ^
DifficUt, suitable tor % Very difficult, ^ novice with Me for begrmer with &
Fairly difficult, Jx suitable for competent ^ OY mechanic ^ experienced DIY > * suitable for expert D(Y JS or professional ^ experience some experience &
Fairly difficult, Jx suitable for competent ^ OY mechanic ^ mechanic > * suitable for expert D(Y JS or professional ^
Specifications
System type Weber-Marelll integrated single-point fuel injection/ignition system
Fuel system data Fuel pump type Electric, Immersed in fuel tank Fuel pump delivery rate 110 litres/hour minimum Regulated fuel pressure 1.0 ± 0.2 bar Crankshaft TDC sensor resistance at 20°C €50 to 720 ohms Injector duration (at idle)
1
£ ms
Recommended fuel Minimum octane rating 95 RON unleaded
Torque wrench settings Nm ibfft Coolant temperature sensor 3 2 Fuel filter collar nut S 4 Fuel tank 28 21 Idle control stepper motor 4 3 Inlet manifold 27 20 Inlet union to filter 31 23 Outlet union to filter 15 11 Throttle body to manifold 7 5 Throttle potentiometer 3 2