1997 BMW 528i oil pressure

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240-1 3
Automatic ~ransmissionl
- Blow out oil cooler lines with low-pressure compressed air
and flush cooler with clean ATF twice before reattaching lines
to transmission.
CA UTIOG
Wear safety glasses when worling with compressed air:
@ Do not reuse ATF used for flushing.
- Remainder of installation is reverse of removal, noting the fol-
lowing:
Reinstall driveshafl using new nuts.
Install new sealing washers on transmission cooling line
banjo bolts.
Install new O-rings on transmission cooler lines, where
applicable.
Inspect engine drive plate (flywheel) for cracks or elongat-
ed holes. Replace
if necessary.
Be sure bellhousing alignment dowel sleeves are located
correctly. Replace damaged sleeves.
Checlc to be sure torque converter is seated correctly in
transmission during final installation.
Use
BMW special tool 24 2 300 to align three mounting
tabs on torque converter with indentations on drive plate
(flywheel).
Fill transmission with clean ATF until oil level is even with
fill hole. Then check fluid level as described earlier.
Adjust gearshift mechanism. See
250 Gearshift Linkage.
NOTE-
In order to avoid difficulties in transmission removal at a fu-
ture time, use washers with Torx-head mounting bolts.

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300-6
/Suspension, Steering and Brakes - General
Rear suspension sedan models
Coil spring
Strut
-
'01 arm
Sport Wagon models
In order to provide a wide, ilat iloor in the cargo compartment,
the rear suspension on the Sport Wagon is unique to itself.
The shoclcabsorber is attached diagonally between the lower
swing arm and a mounting bracket on the subframe. The
spring on each side is mounted between a perch at the top
oi
the wheel bearing carrier and the bottom of the cargo com-
partment floor.
Starting with
1999 Sporl Wagon models, a self-leveling air
suspension system with electronic height control (EHC) was introduced. The system is standard on
V-8 models and op-
tional on 6-cylinder models.
On models fitted with electronic height control (EHC) rear
suspension, the standard coil springs are replaced by air
springs. Air pressure in the air springs is automatically con-
trolled by the
EHC system to compensate for ride height and
load variations.

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I Steerina and Wheel Alianment
Steering
system
Two types of steering gear are used in the E39 series models.
6-cylinder
(5251, 528i and 530i) models are equipped with
rack and pinion steering. The steering rack is mounted to
an aluminum subframe.
V-8
(540i) models are equipped with a recirculating ball
and nut steering gearbox mounted to a steel subframe.
At low speeds, maximum power assist is provided to ease
parking and city driving. At high speeds, assist is reduced to
ensure stability. The power steering system varies assist
based on engine speed.
Power boost for the steering is provided by an engine-driven
hydraulic pump. A hydraulic control valve is used to control
boost pressure.
The steering wheel connects to the steering gear via an ad-
justable steering column which incorporates a rubber cou-
pling ("guibo") to dampen vibration and noise.
Power steering fluid is supplied from the fluid
reservoir to the
pump and to the steering gear via rubberlmetal hoses.
The return line from the steering gear to the
reservoir loops
into the airstream in front of the radiator and connects to the
steering fluid cooler. The fluid cooler is attached to a cassette
which also includes cooling coils for engine oil, transmission
fluid and AIC condenser.
The steering gear requires no maintenance other than align-
ment and periodic inspection for worn components. Inspect
rubber rack boots
(rack and pinion system) and tie-rod end
boots periodically for tears or damage. Replace
if necessary.
-
NOTE-
The airbag system is traditionally referred to as Supplemen-
tal Restraint System (SRS). The
BMW versfon of SRS used
m the E39 models is known as the Multiple Restraint System - (MRS). - -

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331-16
I Final Drive
Worlting at top of coil spring, press center cap down or pry
upward to remove. If pushed down, remove from inside coil
spring.
4 Worlting from underneath, position BMW special tool 33 2
301
between 2nd and 3rd spring coil from the bottom.
Make sure tool recess faces upward.
Worlting in cargo compartment, guide BMW special tool
33
2 304
from above and thread into special tool 33 2 301.
4 Worlting in cargo compartment, attach BMW special tools 33
2 302.33
2 303 and 33 2 305 to special tool 33 2 304.
- Use special tool 33 2 306 to compress spring.
Tighten until lower spring end lifts off spring seat on wheel
bearing carrier.
- Model with air springs: Loosen compressed air pipes at air
distribution assembly to release system pressure.
WARNING-
The vehicle will lower when tlie airpipes are loosened.
- Remove final drive. See Final drive, removing and install-
ing.

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340-6
1 Brakes
Brake system troubleshooting
/symptom I Probable cause 1 Repairs
Brake squeal
Pedal goes to floor when
bralting
Low pedal after system bleeding
Pedal spongy or brakes work
only when pedal is pumped
Excessive braking effort
Brakes pulsate, chatter or grab
Uneven
bralting, car pulls to one
side, rear braltes
loclt
Brakes drag, bind or overheat Brake
pad carriers dirty or corroded or
pads loose (poor fit) in pad carrier
Braite pads heat-glazed or oil-soaked
Wheel bearings worn (noise most
pronounced when turning)
Incorrectly Installed brake pads,
parking bralte shoes, or bralte parts
Brake fluid loss due to system leaks
Master cylinder or traction control
system faulty
Master cylinder faulty
Air in braite fluid
Master cylinder or traction control
system faulty
Brake pads wet
Brake pads
heat-glazedorfluid-soalted
Vacuum booster or vacuum hose
connections to booster faulty
--- Warped brake rotors
Brake pads worn
Brake pads heat-glazed or oil-soaked Remove
brake pads and clean calipers. Use original
equipment pads for proper fit and use BMW anti-squeal
compound during installation,
Replace brake pads. Ciean rotors. Replace leaking caliper:
as required.
Replace worn bearings. See 310 Front Suspension
or33C
Rear Suspension.
Check component installation. Checldreplace anti-rattle
springs.
Checlt fluid level and inspect for signs of leakage.
Replace master cylinder. Diagnose traction control system
using factory or compatible diagnostic tool.
Replace master cylinder.
Bleed system using factory or compatible diagnostic tool.
Replace master cylinder. Diagnose traction control system
using factory or compatible diagnostic tool.
Use light pedal pressure to dry pads while driving.
Replace
bralte pads and rotors. Replace leaking calipers.
lnspect vacuum lines. Test vacuum booster and replace as
required. Test vacuum non-return valve for one-way flow.
Resurface or replace rotors.
Replace brake pads.
Clean rotors. Replace leaiting calipers.
Incorrect tire pressures or worn tires
Brake pads on one side of car heat-
glazed or fluid-soaked
Caliper or brake pads binding
Worn suspension components
Brake caliper or brake pads binding
Master cylinder or traction control
system faulty lnspect
tire condition. Checlt and correct tire pressures.
Replace brake pads. Clean rotors. Replace leaking
calipers.
Clean and recondition brakes.
Inspect for worn or damaged suspension components. See
310 Front Suspension or 330 Rear Suspension.
Ciean or replace caliper.
Replace master cylinder. Diagnose traction control system
using faclory or compatible diagnostic tool.

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2 INDEX
Battery, starter, alternator
alternator (generator)
121-10
6-cylinder engine, removingi
installing 121-15
M62 engine 121-16
M62 TU engine (water cooled)
121-18
battery
121-5 charging 121-9
safety terminal 121-3
testing 121-5 charging system, troubleshooting
121-12
starter
121-1 9
6-cylinder engine, removingi instaliinq 121-20 . V-8 engine, rernovinglinsialiing
121-21
solenoid, removinglinstalling
121-23 troubleshooting 121-19
see also Maintenance
Bearing, wheel
see Front suspension
see also Rear suspension
Belts see Maintenance, drive belts
Blade, wiper
see Wipers and Washers
Blower motor see
A/C
BMW emblem
see Exterior trim
BMW special tools 010-18 see also special tools section at
beginning
of each repair group
Body dimensions 400-2
interior features
400-9 salety and security 400-7
Body side molding
see Exterior trim
Bonnet see Engine hood
Boot see Trunk
Brake fluid
020-24, 340-8
Brake fluid pressure sensor
340-30
Brakes
ABS, ASC or DSC system
300-12
component replacement 340-26
ASCIDSC switch
see Switches
bleeding
bralces 340-8
brake booster 340-1 9 bralce Dads. caiioers and rotors ,., 340-1 1
descriotion 300-10
e~ectrdnic brake & stability 300-11
light switch
see Switches
master cylinder
340-16 pariking brake 340-22
troubleshooting 340-5
Bulbs see Lights
Bumper
lront 510-6 height, adjusting 510-12
rear 510-9
Bus system
600-4
Camber
320-33
Camshaft
removingiinslaiiing
M52 engine 116-12
M52 TU
/ M54 engine 116-1 9 M62 engine 11 6-39
wear
116-6
Camshaft position sensors
see ignition system
Camshaft timing chain
adjusting M52 engine
117-22
M52 TU I M54 engine 117-43
M62 engine 117-79 removinglinstalling
M52 engine 117-26
M52TU 1 M54 engine 113-46.116-
28
M62 engine 117-66
Capacities, fluid
020.10
Car rnemorvlicev memorv . . 600-10
see also Centrai
lociking
Carbon canister, activated
see Fuel
tank
Caster
320-33
Catalytic converter and oxygen sensor 020-19
see also Exhaust system: exhaust
manilolds
Cautions
001-3
CD changer
650-4
Center bearing, driveshaft
see Driveshait
Center brake light
sedan
630-13
Center console
513-3
Centrai body electronics (ZKE 111)
600-6
Central locking
car memoryiey memory 515.12 general module iunctions 515-2
remote entry (FZV) 515-8
remote lkey initialization 515-10 single lociddouble ioclk 515-6
switch 515-4
Chain
see Camshaft liming chain
Characteristic map (electrically heated) thermostat
see Electrically heated thermostat
Charging system
see Battery, starter, alternator
Cluster see instruments
Clutch fluid see Maintenance
hydraulics
210-4
mechanical 210-9
switch
see Switches, pedal ciuster
variations
210.10
Codes, fault OED-1
Coil
see Ignition system
Coil spring
see Front suspension
see also Rear
suspe nsion

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WARNING
Your common sense, good
judgement, and general alertness are
crucial lo sale and
successlul service
work. Belore attempling any work on
your BMW, be sure to read 001
General Warnings and Cautions
and lhe copyright page
a1 llle Iron1 01
the manual. Review lliese warnings
and cautions each time you prepare
lo work on your
BMW Please also
read any warnings and
caulions lhal
accompany the procedures In !he
manual.
Component locations
see Electrical system
Compression test
113-5
Compressor see
AlC
Condenser see
AlC
Constant velocity (CV) joint
see Maintenance
see also
Driveshall
see also Drive axles
Consumer cutoff
600-10
Control arm see Front suspension
see also Rear suspension,
suspension arms
Coolant (antifreeze) see Maintenance
see also Cooling system
Coolant pump
see Cooling system Cooling system
coolant bleeding
170-14 6-cylinder engine, draininglfilling
170-10
V-8 engine, draininglfilling 170-12
coolant pump 170-3
6-cyiinder engine, replacing 170-1 9
V-8 engine, replacing 170-20 cooling fan 170-4
viscous ciutch fan, removingi
installing 170-14
electric fan, removlngiinstailing 170-1 5
expansion tank, removinglinstalling
170-22
electrically heated (ciiaracterislic
map) therrnostat 170-4
radiator, removinglinstaliing 170-22
service
see Maintenance
therrnostat 170-16
transmission fluid heat exchanger
170-5 troubleshooting 170-7
combuslion leal( test 170-10
pressure test
170-9
Crankshaft oil seals
iront
117-6
rear 11 9-6
Crankshaft speed sensor
see Ignition syslem
Crash sensor
see
Airbag system (SRS), side-impact
airbag crasii sensor
Cruise control clutch switch 612-9
CV joint
see Maintenance
see also Driveshalt
see also Drive axles
CV joint boot
see Maintenance
see also Drive axles
Cylinder head removinglinslaliing
M52 engine 113-8
M52 TU / M54 engine 113-22
M62 engine 113-56
Cylinder head and valvetrain
hydraulic lifters, checking and
replacing
116-7 leak test 116-5 valves 11 6-56
see
alsocylinder head Dashboard
513-7
Deck
lid
seeTrunk lid
Diagnostic monitors
OED-4
Diagnostic trouble codes
(DTCs)
080-7
Digital multimetel
010-17
Differential see Final drive
DLC (data
link connector) 020-4, OED-4
DME (digital motor electronics)
see
130 under appropriate fuel
injection system
see also ignition system
DM-TL (detection module-tank leak)
see
Fuel lank, leak deteclion unit
Drive
belts
see Maintenance
Dome light
seeLighls, interior lights
Door
door
check, replacing 411-4
hinge adjustment 41 1-5
loci(
see Door lock see also Central locking
removinglinslaliing 41
1-2
panel, removinglinstaliing 41 1-7 window
see Door window
Door
check
see Door
Door
handle
see Door lock
Door glass
see Door window
Door
lock
handles and loci(s 515-16
see also Central locking
Door
molding
510-13
Door panel see Door

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INDEX 5
WARNING
Your common sense, good
judgement, and general alerlness are
crucial lo
safe and successful service ivork. Before attempling any work on
your
BMW be sure lo read 001
General Warnings and Cautions
and the copyright page at the
fronl of
Ihe manual. Review these warnings
and
cautions each lime you prepare
to work on your BMW Please also
read any warnings and cautions tliat
accompany Nie procedures in the
manual.
Exhaust manifold see Exhaust system
Exhaust system diagrams
180.1 1
exhaust manifolds, removinglinstalling
180-4 muifier, replacing 180-8
oxygen sensors 180-8
and catalytic converter 020-1 9
see also Fuel injection
removinglinstalling 180-2
see also Maintenance
Expansion tank
see Cooling system
Expansion valve
see
NC
Exterior lighting
see
Lights
Exterior trim
BMW emblem
(Roundel), removing1
installing
510-13 body side molding, replacing 510.13
grill, removinglinsialiing 510-14
headlight housing trim, removing1
installing 510-14
outside mirror
510-2
EWS (electronic immobilization)
515-21 ring antenna,
iemovinglinstaiting
320-1 1
Fan see Cooling system Fault
codes
OBD-2
storage
100-4. 600.10
Fender
front, rernovinglinstailing
410-2
Filters see Maintenance
Final drive
lubricant
speciiicatiorls 020-9
mounh, replacing 331-12
oil level 020-26. 331-6
removinglinslalling 331-5 seals 331-7
Firing order
see Ignition system
FtS
see Interior protectiorl
Flex disc
see Driveshaft
Fluids and lubricants see Maintenance
Flywheel removinglinstalling 210-13
Fogllght
see Lights
Front centering guide see Driveshatt
Front oil seal
see
Crankshaft oil seals
Front suspension control arm
310-12 description 300-2
ride height 300-14
stabilizer bar, removinglinstalling
310-21
strutslsprings 31
0-4
tension strut 310-16
thrust arm 310-12 variations 310-4
wheel bearing 310-18
see also Maintenance
Fuel filter
see Maintenance
Fuet injection applications 130-2
Bosch M5.2, M5.2.1 130-46
Bosch ME 7.2 130-66 fuel delivery
see 130 under appropriate iuel
injection system
see also Fuel pump
see also
Fuet tank
oxygen sensors
130-72, 180-8
Siemens MS 41.1 130-7 Siemens MS 42.0. MS 43.0 130-23
Fuel injector
see 130 under appropriate fuel
injection system
Fuel level sender
160-15
see also Fuei pump
Fuel pressure
160-10
see also Fuel pump
Fuel pump
160-3
electrical circuit, testino 160-7
1
removinglinstalling (includes right side
iuel levei sender) 160-15
siphon pump, removinglinstaliing
160-19
troubleshooting 160-6 see also Fuel tank
Fuel rail
see 130 under appropriate iuel
injection system
Fuei supply
130-6
see also Fuei pump
see also
Fuet lank
Fuel
tank
312-way valve (running losses.
removinglinstalling
160-24 carbon canister 160-24
draining 160-20
evaporative control system 160-3
expansion tank, removinglinstalling
160-23
I
leak detection unit (LDP or DM-TL),
rernovinoiinstallino 160-24
level senier 160-15
removinglinstalling 160-21
Fuse locations
610-29
RV (remote entry)
see Central
locl(ing
Fan clutch
see Cooling system, cooling fan