1997 BMW 528i Car engin

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11 9-1 0
Lubrication System
Oil pan, removing and installing
(6-cylinder)
The engine oil pan removal procedure requires that the en-
gine be supported from the top and the front suspension
sub-
frame be lowered.
- Raise car and place securely on jack stands.
Make sure the car is stable and well supported at all times.
Use a professional automotive
lift orjackstands designed for
- Remove splash shield from under engine.
- Drain engine oil as described in 020 Maintenance.
4 Remove oil dipsticlc guide tube:
Disconnect fuel lines and wiring harness from
bracket (A).
- Disconnect oil separator hose (B) from base of guide tube.
Remove mounting bolt
(C) from left engine mounting
bracket and remove tube from oil pan.
NOTE-
* If necessary, remove air filter assembly for better access to
dipsticlc tube.
The dipstick guide tube is sealed in the block using an
O-
ring. Check that the O-ring comes out with the tube.
4 Lift hood into assembly position:
While supporting the hood, disconnect hood support
struts.
Raise hood and install
loclting bolts (arrow) in right and left
hinges.
WARNING-
Be sure to support hood while disconnecting support struts.

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Lubrication system/
4 Install engine lifting tool at front of engine and raise engine
approximately
5 mm (114 in).
< Remove pinch bolt (arrow) at steering column universal joint
near steering rack. See
320 Steering and Alignment.
- Remove power steering pump, leaving hydraulic lines con-
nected to pump. Suspend pump using strong wire. See
320
Steering and Wheel Alignment.
NOTE-
For better access to power steering assembly, unbolt fluid
reservoir and suspend with wire.
Loosen upper nuts (arrow) in right and lefl engine mounts,
< Remove right and left lower engine mount nuts (arrow)
- On cars with automatic transmission, remove ATF cooler line
brackets from engine oil pan.
- Disconnect electrical harness connector at oil level sensor on
oil pan.

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-- . - .. . - Lubrication system]
- Remainder of installation is reverse of removal.
Replace self-locking nuts when reinstalling front suspen-
sion components.
Use new oil dipstick tube sealing O-ring.
After adding engine oil, start and run engine. Raise engine
speed to 2,500 rpm until oil pressure warning light goes out
(about 5 seconds).
NOTE-
BMW does not specify a front end alignment following this
procedure.
Tightening torques Front subfrarne to body rail
(M12, use new bolts)
8.8 grade
10.9 grade
12.9 grade 77 Nrn
(57 ft-lb)
105 Nrn (77 ft-lb)
110 Nrn (81 ft-lb)
Stabilizer bar link to stabilizer bar
65 Nrn (48 ft-lb)
Steering shaft universal joint clamping bolt
(use new bolt)
19 Nrn (14 it-lb)
Lower oil pan, removing and installing (V-8)
- The V-8 engine is equipped with a 2-piece oil pan. The fas-
teners in
V-8 engine oil pump assembly, including the
sprocket retaining nut, are known to loosen and fall off into
the oil pan. Be sure to install these fasteners with Loctite
O
or equivalent thread locking product and torque to specifica-
tions.
CAUTION-
It is recommended that the oil pump retaining bolts and oil
pump drive sprocket retaining nut tightening torque be
checkedany time the
oilpan is removed.
- Raise car and place securely on jack stands.
WARNING-
Make sure the car is stable and well supported at all times.
Use a professional automotive lift
orjack stands designed for
- Remove splash shield from under engine.
- Drain engine oil
- On cars with automatic transmission, remove ATF cooler line
brackets from oil pan.

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120-3
Ignition System
Warnings and cautions
The ignition system produces dangerous high voltage. In ad-
dition the sensitive electronic components can be damaged
if
proper precautions are not adhered to.
WARNING-
* Do not touch or disconnect any cables from the coils while
the engine is running or being
cranked by the starter.
The ignition system produces high voltages that can be
fatal. Avoid contact with exposed terminals. Use ex-
treme caution when working on a car with the ignition
switched on or the engine running.
- Connect and disconnect tlie DME system wiring and
test equipment leads only when the ignition is
OFF:
Before operating the starter without starting the engine
(for example when
making a compression test) always
disable the ignition.
CA
U TIOW-
Do not attempt to disable the ignition by removing the coils
from the spark plugs.
Connect or disconnect ignition system wires, multiple
wire connectors, and ignition test equipment leads only
while the ignition is
off Switch multimeter functions or
measurement ranges only with the test probes discon-
nected.
* Do not disconnect the battery while the engine is run-
ning.
A high impedance digital multimeter should be used for
all voltage and resistance tests. An LED test light
should be used in place of an incandescent-type test
lamp.
In general, make test connections only as specified by
BMW as described in this manual, or as described by
the instrument manufacturer.
Engine management
BMW €39 engines use an advanced engine management
system known as Digital Motor Electronics (DME). DME in-
corporates on-board diagnostics, fuel injection, ignition and
other engine control functions. DME variants are listed in
Table a. Engine management systems.
Second generation On-Board Diagnostics
(OED II) is incor-
porated into the engine management systems used on the
cars covered by this manual. Use a BMW-specific electronic
scan tool, or a "Generic"
OED II scan tool to access Diagnos-
tic Trouble Codes (DTCs). DTCs can help pinpoint ignition
ine management problems.

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Lnition switch
4 The positive (+) power supply to the ignition coils comes to
the ignition switch via an unloader relay. When the ignition
switch is turned on, the relay closes, to provide voltage to the
ignition coils. The coils are then actuated at the negative side
by the engine control module.
NOTE-
Schematic diagrams shown are for illustrative purposes only.
See ELE Electrical Wiring Diagrams for engine manage-
ment specific wiring information.
WARNING- Do not touch or disconnect any cables from the coils while
the engine is running or being cranked by the starter:
The ignition system produces high voltages that can be
fatal. Avoid contact with exposed terminals. Use ex-
treme caution when
working on a car with the ignition
switched on or the engine running.
* Connect and disconnect the DME system wiring and
test equipment leads only when the ignition is
OFF
Before operating the starter without starting the engine
(for example when
making a compression test), always
disable the ignition.
4 Knock sensors (arrows) monitor the combustion chamber for
engine-damaging knock. Six-cylinder models (shown) use
two sensors with each sensor monitoring three cylinders.
V-
8 models use four sensors, each monitoring two cylinders. If
engine
knock is detected, the ignition point is retarded by the
ECM.
I Ignition advance Ignition timing is electronically mapped and not adjustable.
The ECM uses engine load, engine speed, coolant tempera-
ture, knock detection, and intake air temperature as the basic
inputs for timing control.
A three dimensional map similar to
the one shown is digitally stored in the ECM.
- The initial ignition point is determined by the crankshaft
speed sensor during cranking. Once the engine is running.
timing is continually adjusted based on operating conditions.

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120-6
lgnition System
lgnition system, troubleshooting
Troubleshooting ignition system faults should begin with an
interrogation of the On-Board Diagnostics (OBD
II) system.
The OBD
II system detects ignition system misfire and other
related faults. When faults are detected, the OBD
II system
stores a Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) in the Engine Con-
trol Module (ECM) along with other pertinent fault information.
4 In addition, the Malfunction Indicator Light (MIL) will come on
if an emissions related fault is detected. Additional OBD
II in-
formation, including a DTC lookup table, can be found in
OED On-Board Diagnostics.
NOTE-
BMWmodels covered in this manual were equipped with one
of three versions of
MIL warning lights (as shown).
Misfire detection
Engine m~sfire in one or more cylinders, may be caused by a
var~ety of malfunctions in various subsystems. The OBD II
system ~ncorporated into the engine management systems is
des~gned to detect and warn of misfire faults during englne
operat~on. See OED On Board Diagnostics.
WARNING -
lgnition misfires can cause high hydrocarbon exhaust emis-
sions andcatalytic converter damage. For this reason, if a se-
vere misfire is detected, the fuel injector
will be turned off to
the specific cylinder and the
MIL will be illuminated. A misfire
may also produce an overheated catalytic converter, which
can be a fire hazard.
Oscilloscope diagnostic diagrams
One way to diagnose a faulty coil is to use an oscilloscope to
analyze spark quality with the engine running.
See Table b. lgnition secondary voltage diagnostics for
list of common ignition
coil voltage faults and related causes.

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.-
ignition System
Disabling ignition system
The ignition system operates in a lethal voltage range and
should be disabled any time engine service or repair work is
being done that requires the ignition to be switched on.
The engine management system can be disabled by remov-
ing the DME main relay. The relay is located in the electronics
box (E-box) in the left rear of the engine
compartment, be.
neath the interior microfilter housing.
CAUTION- Relay locations may
vary. Use care when identifying relays.
See
610 Electrical Component Locations.
Checking for spark
CAUTION-
If
a spark test is done incorrecth damage to the Engine Con-
trol Module
(ECM) or the ignition coils may result.
NOTE-
Spark plug replacement is covered in 020 Maintenance.
Check~ng for spark is d~fflcult on englnes wlth d~str~butorless
ignition systems.
Try removing the spark plugs and inspecting for differences between them.
A poor-firing plug may be wet with fuel and/or ~. - ~
black and sooty, but not always. If a coil is not operating, the
engine management system will electrically disable the fuel
injector to that cylinder. The key is to look for differences be-
tween cylinders.
Ignition coil assembly, testing and
replacing
C4 UTION-
Use a digital multimeter for the following tests. I
- Remove plastic engine cover from top of valve cover by pry-
ing off bolt covers and removing cover mounting bolts.
- Raise car slowly while constantly checking position of jack
and car.
- Disconnect harness connector from coil. Connect multimeter
between terminal 15
(+) in connector and ground.
4 Terminal identification are typically molded into connector. In
photo, terminals are from left to right: 1,
4a, 15.

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120-1 2
ignition System
Crankshaftspeedsensor
Crankshaft speed sensor, replacing (M52, M52 TU and
M54 engines)
4 Crankshaft speed sensor for 6-cylinder engine is mounted in
the left rear side of the cylinder block below the starter (ar-
row). The sensor reads a toothed pulse wheel mounted to
the end of the crankshaft.
- if the Engine Control Module (ECM) does not receive a signal
from the crankshaft speed sensor during cranking, the en-
gine will not start.
- If the OBD II svstem misfire detection ~rotocol detects a cat- - - ~~
alysr oarnagin; faLlt oJe to a ma I-nclion in crandshafi speeo
sensor components. Ine Check Engine
lignr (Malfuncrion In-
dicator Light or MIL) will be illuminated.
NOTE-
If the crankshaft speed sensor pulse wheel is damaged, the
engine will have to be disassembled down to the crankshaft
to
reolace the wheel.
- Make certain ignition has been turned off.
- Raise car and support in a safe manner.
WARNING -
Make sure the car is stable and well supported at all times.
Use a professional automotive lift orjacltstands designed for
the ouroose.
A floor iaclc is not adequate support.
- Remove under engine splash guard
4 Working underneath starter:
Cut off wire tie securing crankshaft speed sensor harness
connector (arrow) to sensor.
* Disconnect harness connector.
4 Remove sensor mounting fastener (arrow) and remove sen-
sor from cylinder block.
- Installation is reverse of removal, noting the following:
Use a new O-ring when installing sensor.
Be sure wiring is routed in same orientation.
Secure sensor using new wire ties.
Use scan tool to read out and clear ECM fault memory.