1996 BMW M3 brake rotor

310-
8



FRONT
SUSPENSION

FRONT
WHEEL
BEARINGS

The
front
wheel
bearings
are
permanently
sealed
and
re-

quire
no
maintenance
.
The
bearing
is
integral
with
the
wheel

hub
and
pressed
onto
the
steering
arm
stub
axle
.

Special
press
tools
are
requiredto
replace
the
front
wheel

bearings
.
Read
the
procedure
through
before
beginning
the

job
.

Front
wheel
bearing,
replacing

1
.
Raise
car
and
remove
wheel
.

WARNING-

Make
sure
that
the
car
is
firmly
supportedon
jack

stands
designed
for
the
purpose
.
Place
the
jack

stands
beneatha
structural
chassis
point
.
Do
not

place
jack
stands
under
suspension
parts
.

2
.
Pry
off
dust
cap
from
centerof
wheel
hub
.
Bend
back

staked
part
of
wheel
hub
(axle)
collar
nut
.
See
Fig
.
13
.

Fig
.
13
.
Staked
part
of
wheel
hub
collar
nut
to
be
bent
back
(arrow)
.

3
.
Remount
wheel
and
lug
bolts
.

4
.
Lower
canto
ground
.
With
an
assistant
applying
brakes,

loosen
collar
nut
.
Do
not
remove
completely
.

NOTE-

The
wheel
hub
collar
nut
is
tightened
to
a
torque
of
290
Nm
(214
ft-Ib)
.
Make
sure
the
car
is
firmly
on
the
ground
.

FRONT
WHEEL
BEARINGS

6
.
Remove
ABS
wheel
speed
sensor
.
Refer
to
Fig
.
3
.

7
.
Remove
brake
caliper
assembly
and
brake
rotor
as
de-

scribed
in
340
Brakes
.
Leave
brakehose
connected
to

caliper
.
Suspend
caliper
assembly
from
chassis
using

stiff
wire
.

8
.
Remove
wheel
hub
collar
nut
.

9
.
Remove
wheel
hub
with
integral
wheel
bearing
from

steering
arm
using
a
puller
.
See
Fig
.
14
.

0011200

Fig
.
14
.
Wheel
hub
with
integral
wheel
bearing
being
removed
using
a

puller
.

NOTE-
If
bearing
inner
race
stays
on
steering
arm,
remove
splash
guard
and
usetwo
jaw
puller
to
remove
race
.

10
.
Insta¡¡
splash
guard
and
new
dust
shield
behind
bear-

ing
.
Press
new
wheel
hub/bearing
assembly
on
using

appropriate
press
tools
.

NOTE-

When
pressing
the
wheel
hublbearing
on,
apply
force
only
to
the
bearing
inner
race
.

11
.
Install
new
collar
nut
.
Do
not
tighten
nut
to
its
final

torque
atthis
time
.

"
Install
brake
rotor
and
brake
caliper
.
See
340
Brakes
.

"
Mount
wheel
and
lug
boits
.
Lower
canto
ground
to
gain

leverage
.

12
.
With
an
assistant
applying
brakes,
tighten
collar
nut

and
then
stake
nut
toaxle
.

5
.
Raise
car
and
remove
wheel
.



13
.
Raisecar
and
remove
wheel
.

STABILIZER
BAR

Stabilizer
bar,
removing
and
installing

Stabilizer
bar
link
arrangements
differ
slightly
among
mod-

els
.
In
most
models
the
links
attach
lo
the
control
arms
near

the
outboard
end
.
OnM3
models
the
links
attach
lo
the
strut

assemblies
.

1
.
Raise
car
and
remove
both
front
wheels
.

WARNING
-
Make
sure
that
the
car
is
firmly
supported
on
jack
stands
desígned
for
the
purpose
.
Place
the
jack
stands
beneath
a
structural
chassís
point
.
Do
not

place
jack
stands
under
suspension
parts
.

uul

Fig
.
15
.
Disconnect
stabilizer
bar
connecting
link
at
bar
(arrow)
.
(3181

model
shown
.
M3
stabilizer
link
attaches
lo
strut
.)

FRONT
SUSPENSION



310-
9

14
.
Insta¡¡
a
new
grease
cap,
using
Loctite
©
638
sealant
or



3
.
Remove
two
stabilizer
bar
bushing
brackets
on
left
and

equivalent
.
Insta¡¡
wheel
and
lower
car
.



right
sides
.
Remove
bar
.

4
.
Installation
is
reverse
of
removal
.
Use
new
seif-lockíng

Tightening
Torque



núts
on
connecting
links
.

"
Brake
rotor
lo
wheel
hub
..........
16
Nm
(12
ft-Ib)



"
On
M3
models
:
When
attaching
stabilizer
link
lostrut

"
Collar
nut
lo
stubaxle
.
.........
290
Nm
(214
ft-Ib)



orlobar,
usea
thin
wrench
lo
hold
flats
on
link
parallel
"
Brake
caliper
losteering
arm
......



110
Nm
(81
ft-Ib)



lo
strut
.

"
Road
wheel
lo
hub
...
...
.
.
.
100±10
Nm
(74t7
ft-Ib)
NOTE-
Installation
of
the
stabilizer
bar
is
easiest
with
thecar
leve¡
(front
wheels
at
the
same
height),
and
as
near
to
normal
ride
height
as
possible
.

Tightening
Torques

"
Stabilizer
bar
bushing
brackets

lo
subframe
crossmember
...
..
.
..
.
22
Nm
(16
ft-Ib)

"
Stabilizer
bar
link
bracket
lo

control
arm
................
.
.
.
.
.
42
Nm
(31
ft-1b)

"
Stabilizer
bar
link
lo
stabilizer
bar
(M10)
.............
.
42
Nm
(31
ft-Ib)

"
Stabilizer
bar
link
lostrut
or
bar
(M3)
.
59
Nm
(44
ft-Ib)

SUBFRAME
CROSSMEMBER

The
subframe
crossmember
provides
rigid
mounting'poínts

2
.
Remove
stabilizer
bar
connecting
link
from
stabilizer



for
the
engine,
suspension,
and
steering
components
.
The

baron
left
and
right
sides
.
See
Fig
.
15
.



crossmember
is
not
normally
subject
lo
wear
and
should
ohly

be
replaced
if
structurally
damaged
.

Removing
the
subframe
crossmember
requires
engine
lift-

ing
equipment
lo
support
theweight
of
tfhe
engine
from
above

so
that
the
subframe
can
be
removed
from
below
.

WARNING-

Removal
or
replacement
of
the
subframe
cross-

member
may
affect
suspension
and
steering
geom-
etry,
including
front
wheel
afignment
.
Make
appropriate
matching
marks
during
removal
and
have
the
front
end
aligned
once
repairs
are
com-
plete
.

Subframe
crossmember,
removing
and
installing

1
.
Using
enginesupport
equipment,
raise
engine
until

weight
of
engine
is
supported
.
See
110EngineRe-

moval
and
Installation
.
See
Fig
.
16
.

2
.
Raise
car
andremove
front
wheels
.

WARNING-

Make
sure
that
the
car
is
firmly
supportedon
jack

stands
desígned
for
the
purpose
.
Place
the
jack
stands
beneatha
structural
chassís
point
Do
not

place
jack
standsundersuspension
parts
.

SUBFRAME
CROSSMEMBER

Wheel
bearing

Fig
.
7
.



Rear
wheel
bearing
assembly
.

Circlip



Drive
flange



Collar
nut

0012152

Rear
wheel
bearing,
replacing

1
.
Raise
car
and
support
safely
.
Remove
rear
wheel
.

2
.
Remove
drive
axle
as
described
later
.



6
.
Remove
bearíng
retainer
circlip
from
trailing
arm
.

3
.
Remove
brake
caliper
assembly
and
rotor
as
described



7
.
Using
appropriate
press
tools,
pull
bearing
assembly

in
340
Brakes
.
Leave
brake
hose
connected
to
caliper
.



out
of
trailing
arm
bearing
housing
.

Suspend
caliper
assembly
from
chassís
using
stiff
wire
.

8
.
Inspect
bearing
housing
for
any
damage
or
contamina

4
.
Remove
ABS
pulse
sensor
.
See
Fig
.
8
.



tion
.
Clean
housing
bore
thoroughly
before
installing

new
bearing
.
Make
sure
al¡
thread
bores,
bolts,
nuts

and
mating
surfaces
are
clean

Fig
.
8
.



ABS
pulse
sensor
being
removed
.

5
.
Remove
drive
flange
from
bearing
assembly
.
See
Fig
.

9
.

NOTE-

If
the
inner
bearing
race
remains
attached
to
the
drive

flange,
use
BMW
special
tool
nos
.
007
500
and
33
1

312
or
equivalents
to
separate
inner
race
from
flange
.

REAR
SUSPENSION



330-
5

0013125

Fig
.
9
.



Drive
flange
being
removed
from
bearing
assembly
using
im-
pact
style
puller
.

9
.
Install
new
bearing
assembly
using
press
tools
.
Apply

force
only
to
outer
race
when
installing
bearing
.

WARNING
-

M3
installation
:
redsealing
ríng
on
rear
wheel
bear-

ing
must
face
outward
.
Otherwíse
ABS
will
not
func-
tion
.

10
.
Insta¡¡
new
circlip
.
The
old
circlip
should
never
be
re-

used
.

CAUTION-

Make
sure
that
the
bearing
is
pressed
in
far
enough
to
contact
the
shoulder
at
the
back
sideof
the
housing
and
that
the
circlip
is
fully
seated
in
its
groove
.

11
.
Draw
drive
flange
into
bearing
using
appropriate
press

tools
.
Support
bearing
inner
race
when
pressing
in

0013223



drive
flange
.

NOTE-

BMW
specifies
special
tools
to
pull
the
drive
fiange
through
the
wheel
bearing
into
position
.
If
using
alter-
native
tools,
be
sure
to
support
the
bearing
inner
race
when
pressing
orpulling
the
drive
flange
finto
place
.

REARWHEEL
BEARINGS

330-
6



REAR
SUSPENSION

12
.
Install
brake
caliper
assembly
and
rotor
as
described
in

340Brakes
.

13
.
Install
drive
axie
as
described
below
.

Tightening
Torques

"
Brake
rotor
to
drive
flange
.........



16
Nm
(12
ft-ib)

"
Brake
caliper
to
trailing
arm
........
67
Nm
(50
ft-Ib)

"
Drive
axie
collar
nut
to
drive
flange
..
.
..
..............
250
Nm
(184
ft-Ib)
M3
.....
...
..
.
.............
.
300
Nm
(221
ft-Ib)

"
Road
wheel
to
hub
.........
100±10
Nm
(74±7
ft-Ib)

DRIVE
AXLES

The
drive
axles
use
constant-velocity
(CV)
joints
on
both
ends
.
To
replace
a
CV
joint
or
dust
boot,
the
drive
axie
must
be
removed
fromthe
car
.
The
components
of
the
drive
axie
are
illustrated
in
Fig
.
10
.

Drive
axie,
removing
and
installing

1
.
Raise
rear
of
car
.
Remove
rear
wheel
.

Dust
cover

Fig
.
10
.
Driveaxie
assembly
.

DRIVE
AXLES

Inner
CV
boot
kit

-Reinforcement

WARNING
-

Make
sure
that
the
car
is
firmly
supportedon
jack
stands
designed
for
the
purpose
.
Place
the
jack
stands
beneatha
structural
chassis
point
.
Do
not
place
jack
stands
undersuspension
parts
.

2
.
Pry
off
dust
cap
from
center
of
wheel
hub
.

3
.
Remount
wheel
and
lug
boits
.

4
.
Lower
car
to
ground
.
With
an
assistant
applying
brakes,

loosen
collar
nut
.
Do
not
remove
completely
.
See
Fig
.

11
.

The
drive
flange
collar
nut
is
tightened
to
a
torque
of
250
Nm
(184
ft-Ib)
.
Make
sure
the
car
is
firmly
on
the
ground
.

5
.
Raisecar
andremove
wheel
.

6
.
Remove
brake
caliper
assembly
and
rotor
as
described
in
340
Brakes
.
Leave
brake
hose
connected
to
caliper
.
Suspend
caliper
assembly
from
chassis
using
stiff
wire
.

7
.
Remove
drive
axie
from
drive
flange
.
See
Fig
.
12
.
Sus-

pend
drive
axie
from
chassis
using
stiff
wire
.

Outer
CV
boot
kit

Drive
axle

Outer
CV
joint

Fig
.
11
.
Drive
flange
collar
nut
(arrow)
.

0012111

8
.
Support
trailing
arm
from
below,
using
a
transmission

jackorequivalent
.
Remove
shock
absorber
to
trailing

arm
bolt
.

WARNING
-

It
is
recommended
that
a
restraining
chain
be
in-
stalled
between
the
bottom
coil
of
the
coil
spring
and
the
upper
control
arm
to
retain
thespring
in
case
of
accidental
release
.
Personal
injury
can
re-
sult
if
the
compressed
coil
spring
is
not
released
slowly
and
carefully
.

REAR
SUSPENSION



330-
7

9
.
Lower
trailing
arm
sufficiently
to
gain
clearance
for
re-
moving
drive
axle
.
If
necessary
use
an
appropriate
puller
to
Rmove
drive
axle
from
wheel
bearing
housing
.
See
Fig
.
13
.

10
.
Installation
is
reverse
of
removal
.

Fig
.
13
.
Press
drive
axle
from
wheel
bearing
housing
using
puller
.

"
Apply
a
light
coating
of
oil
to
contact
face
of
collar
nut,
and
install
it
loosely
.

"
Install
road
wheel
and
lower
car
to
ground
.
"
With
an
assistant
applying
brakes,
tighten
drive
axle
collar
nut
to
its
final
torque
.

"
Install
a
new
collar
nut
retaining
plate
.

Tightening
Torques

"
Brake
caliper
to
trailing
arm
........
67
Nm
(50
ft-Ib)

"
Brake
rotor
to
drive
flange
.........
16
Nm
(12
ft-Ib)

"
Drive
axle
collar
nut
to

drive
flange
.
.
....
..
.
..........
250
Nm
(184
ft-Ib)

M3
......
.
.
.....
.
.
..........
300
Nm
(221
ft-Ib)

"
Drive
axie
to
final
drive
unit
mounting
flange
.
.
.
.....
M8
Torx
bolt
.
...
...
.
............
64
Nm
(47
ft-Ib)
M10
Torx
bolt
...
...............
100
Nm
(74
ft-Ib)

Road
wheel
to
hub100±10
Nm
(74t7
ft-Ib)
0012103



"
Shock
absorber
to
Fig
.
12
.
Drive
axle
to
final
drive
mounting
bolts
(arrows)
.



trailing
arm
.
.
...
...
.
............
77
Nm
(57
ft-Ib)

DRIVE
AXLES

330-
1
0



REAR
SUSPENSION

Trailing
arm,
removing
and
installing

1
.
Raise
rear
end
of
car
and
remove
wheel
.

WARNING
-

Make
sure
that
the
car
is
firmly
supported
on
jack
standsdesigned
for
the
purpose
.
Place
the
jack
standsbeneatha
structural
chassis
point
.
Do
not
place
jack
stands
under
suspension
parts
.

2
.
Remove
drive
axle
as
described
earlier
.

3
.
Remove
brake
rotor
and
caliper
as
described
in
340

Brakes
.
Do
not
remove
brake
line
from
caliper
.
Hang

caliper
from
body
with
wire
.

4
.
Remove
parking
brakecable
frombrake
shoe
expand-

er
.
See
340
Brakes
.

5
.
Remove
rear
brake
line
bracket
from
trailing
arm
.
See

Fig
.
17
.

Fig
.
17
.
Brake
line
bracket
bolts
on
trailing
arm
(arrow)
.

WARNING
-

It
is
recommended
that
a
restraining
chain
be
in-
stalled
between
the
bottom
coil
of
the
coil
spring
and
the
upper
control
arm
to
retainthe
spring
in
case
of
accidentalrelease
.
Personal
injury
can
re-sult
if
the
compressed
coil
spring
is
not
released
slow1y
and
carefully
.

REAR
SUSPENSION
ARMS

6
.
Support
trailing
arm
from
below
with
a
transmission
jackorequivalent
.

7
.
Remove
shock
absorber
to
trailing
arm
bolt
.
See
Fig
.
18
.
Slowly
lower
suspension
until
coil
spring
can
be
safely
removed
.

0013220

Fig
.
18
.
Support
trailing
arm
before
removing
lower
shock
bolt
(ar-

row)
.

8
.
Unbolt
upper
and
lower
control
arms
from
trailing
arm,

as
described
later
.

9
.
Remove
ABS
wheel
speed
sensor
from
rear
wheel

bearing
housing
.
Unclip
sensor
wiríng
from
trailing
arm
.

If
removing
right
trailing
arm,
separate
brake
pad
wear

sensor
connector
.
See
Fig
.
19
.

0012104

Fig
.
19
.
Brake
pad
wear
sensor
and
ABS
wheel
speed
sensor
con-
nectors
(arrow)
.

10
.
Remove
three
bolts
holding
trailing
arm
front
bracket
to
body
.
See
Fig
.
20
.
Remove
trailing
arm
.

Brake
rotor,
removing
and
installing
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
340-7

MASTER
CYLINDER
............
.
.
.
.
.
.
.340-7

Master
cylinder,
removing
and
installing
.
...
.
340-7

GENERAL



TROUBLESHOOTING

WARNING
-

"
Although
semi-metallic
and
metallic
Brake
friction
materials
in
Brake
pads
or
shoes
no
longer
con-
tain
asbestos,
they
produce
dangerous
dust
.
"
Brake
fluid
is
poisonous,
highly
corrosive
and
dangerous
to
the
environment
Wear
safety
glasses
and
rubber
gloves
when
working
with
Brake
fluid
.
Do
not
siphonBrake
fluid
with
your
mouth
.
Immediately
clean
away
any
fluid
spilled
on
painted
surfaces
and
wash
with
water,
asBrake
fluid
will
remove
paint
.

"
Always
use
new
Brake
fluid
froma
fresh,
un-
opened
container
.
Brake
fluid
will
absorb
mois-
ture
from
the
air
.
This
canlead
to
corrosion
problems
in
the
brakingsystem,
and
will
also
low-
er
the
Brake
fluid's
boiling
point
.
Dispose
of
Brake
fluid
properly
.

"
Do
notreuse
self-locking
nuts,bolts
or
fasteners
.
They
are
designed
to
be
used
only
once
and
may
failif
reused
.
Always
replace
them
with
new
self-
locking
fasteners
.

BMW
E36
models
areequipped
with
vacuum
power-assist-

ed
four-wheel
disc
brakes
with
an
integral
Antilock
Brake
Sys-

tem
(ABS)
.
Single-pistoncalipers
act
on
solid
or
vented
front
rotors
and
solid
rear
rotors
.
A
brake
pad
wear
sensor
for
each

axle
indicates
when
brake
padsneed
replacement
.
The
dual

drum-type
parking
brakesystem
is
integrated
with
the
rear
brake
rotors
.

NOTE-

M3
models
havevented
directional
Brake
rotors
on
the
rearaxle
as
well
ason
the
front
.

340
Brakes

BRAKES
340-1

GENERAL
.
.
.
.
.
.
.........
.
.
.
..........
340-1



BRAKE
BOOSTER
.........
.
.
.
.
.
...
.
.
.
.
340-8

TROUBLESHOOTING
.......
.
......
.
...
340-1



Brake
booster,
removing
and
installing
....
.
.
340-8

PARKING
BRAKE
.
.....
.
...
.
.
.
.....
.
.
.
340-10
BLEEDING
BRAKES
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..........
340-3



Parking
brake,adjusting
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.....
.
340-10
Pressure
bleeding
brakes



Parking
brake
shoes,
removing
and
installing
.
340-11(except
cars
with
AST)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
...
.
.
.
.
.340-3



Parking
Brake
cable,
replacing
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
340-11

BRAKE
PADS,
CALIPERS,



ANTILOCK
BRAKE
SYSTEM
(ABS)
.
.
.
.340-11
AND
ROTORS
..........
.
.......
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
340-3



ABS
System
Inspection
.
...
.
.......
.
.
.
..
340-12
Brake
pads,
replacing
............
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
340-4
ABS
wheel
speed
sensors,
replacing
.
.
.
.
..
340-12
Brake
caliper,
removing
and
installing
.
..
..
.
340-6

TABLES

a
.
Brake
System
Troubleshooting
.....
...
.
.
.....
.340-2
b
.
Brake
Rotor
Reconditioning
Specifications
.
.....
.340-7

Brakeperformance
is
mainly
affected
by
three
things
:
the
leve¡
and
condition
of
the
brake
fluid,
the
system's
abilíty
to
create
and
maintain
hydraulic
pressure,
and
the
condition
of
the
friction
components
.

Air
in
the
Brake
fluid
will
make
the
Brake
pedal
feel
spongy

during
braking
or
will
increase
the
Brake
pedalforce
required

to
stop
.
Fluid
contaminated
by
moisture
or
dirt
can
corrode
the

system
.
Inspect
the
Brake
fluid
inside
the
reservoir
.
Ifit
is
dirty
or
murky,
or
is
over
a
year
old,
the
fluid
should
be
replaced
.

Visually
check
the
hydraulic
system
startingat
the
master

cylinder
.
To
check
the
function
of
the
master
cylinder
hold
the

brake
pedal
down
hard
with
the
engine
running
.
The
pedal

should
feelsolid
and
stay
solid
.
If
the
pedal
slowly
falls
to
the

floor,
either
the
master
cylinder
is
leaking
internally,
or
fluid
is
leaking
externally
.
If
no
leaks
canbe
found,
the
master
cylin-
der
is
faulty
and
should
be
replaced
.
Check
all
Brake
fluid
lines

and
couplings
for
leaks,
kinks,
chafing
and
corrosion
.

Check
the
Brake
booster
by
pumping
the
Brake
pedal
ap-

proximately
10
times
with
the
engine
off
.
Hold
the
pedal
down
and
start
the
engine
.
The
pedal
should
fa¡¡
slightly
.
If
not,
check

for
any
visiblefaults
before
suspecting
a
faulty
brake
booster
.

Check
for
strong
vacuum
at
the
vacuum
hose
fitting
at
the

booster,
and
check
the
non-retum
valve
for
one-way
flow
.

Worn
or
contaminated
brake
pads
will
cause
poor
braking

performance
.
Oil-contaminated
or
glazed
pads
will
cause

stopping
distances
to
increase
.
Inspect
the
rotors
for
glazing,

discoloration
and
scoring
.
Steering
wheel
vibration
while

braking
at
speed
is
often
caused
by
warped
rotors,
but
can
also
be
caused
byworn
suspension
components
.

TROUBLESHOOTING

340-2
BRAKES

When
troubleshooting,
keep
in
mind
that
tire
inflation,
wear

and
temperature
can
affect
braking
and
suspension
.
See310

Front
Suspension
for
more
information
on
front
suspension

parts
inspection
.

Table
a
lists
symptoms
of
brake
problems,
their
probable

causes,
and
suggested
corrective
actions
.

Table
a
.
Brake
System
Troubleshooting

Symptom



1



Probable
cause



1



Repairs

Brake
squeal



a
.
Incorrectly
installed
brake
pads
or



a
.
Check
component
installation
.
parking
brake
shoes
b
.
Brakepad
carriers
dirty
or
corroded



b
.
Remove
brake
pads
and
clean
calipers
.
c
.
Brake
pad
anti-rattle
springs
faulty
or



c
.
Install/replace
anti-rattle
springs
.
missing
d
.
Brakepads
heat-glazed
or
oil-soaked



d
.
Replace
brake
pads
.
Clean
rotors
.
Replace
leaking
calipers
as
required
.
e
.
Wheel
bearings
worn
(noise
most



e
.
Replace
worn
bearings
.
See310
Front
Suspension
pronounced
when
turning)



or
330
Rear
Suspension
.

Pedal
goes
to
f
loor
when
braking



a
.
Brake
fluid
leve¡
low
due
to
system



a
.
Check
fluidlevel
and
inspect
hydraulic
system
for
leaks



signs
of
leakage
.
Fill
and
bleed
system
.
b
.
Master
cylinder
faulty



I
b
.
Replacemaster
cylinder
.

Low
pedal
after
system
bleeding



1
a
.
Master
cylinder
faulty



1
a
.
Replace
master
cylinder
.

Pedal
spongy
or
brakes
work
only



a
.
Air
in
brake
fluid



a
.
Bleedsystem
.
when
pedal
is
pumped



b
.
Master
cylinder
faulty
(interna¡
return



b
.
Replacemaster
cylinder
.
spring
weak)
c
.
Leaking
line
or
hose
unions



c
.
Repair
or
replace
lines
and
hoses
.
Bleed
system
.

Excessive
braking
effort



a
.
Brake
pads
wet



a
.
Use
light
pedal
pressure
to
dry
pads
while
driving
.
b
.
Brake
pads
heat-glazed
oroil-soaked



b
.
Replace
brake
pads
.
Clean
rotors
.
Replace
leaking
calipers
.
c
.
Vacuum
booster
or
vacuum
hose
con-



c
.
Inspect
vacuum
lines
.
Test
vacuum
booster
and
re
nections
to
booster
faulty



place
as
required
.
Test
vacuum
non-return
valve
for
one-way
air
flow
.

Brakes
pulsate,
chatter
or
grab



a
.
Warped
brake
rotors



a
.
Resurface
or
replace
rotors
.
b
.
Brake
padsworn



b
.
Replace
brake
pads
.
c
.
Brake
pads
heat-glazed
or
oil-soaked



c
.
Replace
brake
pads
.
Clean
rotors
.
Replace
leaking
calipers
.

Uneven
braking,
car
pulís
to
one



a
.
Incorrect
tire
pressures
or
worn
tires



a
.
Inspect
tire
condition
.
Check
and
correct
tire
pres-
side,
rear
brakes
lock



sures
.
b
.
Brake
pads
on
one
side
of
car
heat-



b
.
Replace
brake
pads
.
Clean
rotors
.
Replace
leaking
glazed
or
oil-soaked



calipers
.
c
.
Caliper
or
brake
pads
binding



c
.
Clean
and
recondition
brakes
.
d
.
Worn
suspension
components



d
.
Inspect
for
worn
or
damaged
suspension
compo-
nents
.
See
310
Front
Suspension
or
330
Rear
Sus-
pension
.

Brakes
drag,
bind
or
overheat



a
.
Brake
caliper
or
brake
pads
binding



a
.
Clean
or
replace
caliper
.(
b
.
Master
cylinder
faulty



b
.
Replacemaster
cylinder
.

WARNING
-

On
cars
with
All
Season
Traction
(AST),
special
BMW
service
equipment
is
required
to
properly
bleed
the
ABS/AST
system
.
For
safety
reasons,
the
brake
system
on
carswith
ABS/AST
must
not
be
bled
using
the
procedures
described
inthis
repair
group
.

BLEEDING
BRAKES

Brake
bleeding
is
usually
done
for
one
of
two
reasons
:
Ei-
ther
to
replace
oíd
brake
fluid
as
part
of
routine
maintenance
or
to
expel
trapped
air
in
the
system
that
resulted
from
open-
ingthe
brake
hydraulic
system
during
repairs
.

BLEEDING
BRAKES

Alwaysuse
new
brake
fluid
from
an
unopened
container
.It

is
important
to
bleed
the
entire
system
when
any
part
of
the

hydraulic
system
has
been
opened
.
On
cars
not
equipped
with
traction
control
(AST),
brake
system
bleeding
should
be

done
with
a
pressure
bleeder
.
On
cars
with
AST,
brake
bleed-

ing
should
be
done
by
an
authorized
BMW
dealer
.

WARNING
-

On
cars
with
All
Season
Traction
(AST),
special
BMW
service
equipment
is
requíred
to
properly
bleed
the
ABS/AST
system
.
For
safetyreasons,
the
brake
system
on
carswith
ABS/AST
must
not
be
bled
using
the
procedures
described
inthís
repair
group
.