1995 LAND ROVER DISCOVERY fuse

BRAKES
3
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Description of components
1. ABS Modulator unit
To provide the ABS function a Modulator is positioned
within the system between the master cylinder and the
calipers. On both LHD and RHD vehicles it is sited on
the left inner wing [fender]. The Modulator has 8
solenoid valves, 2 for each wheel, 2 expanders and a
recirculation pump. It is non serviceable.
2. Servo/master cylinder
Actuation of the system is provided by a combined
master cylinder and servo assembly attached to the
pedal box, this provides pressure to opposed piston
calipers at each brake pad Twin piston at the front
axle, single piston at the rear.
3. Pressure reducing valve
To maintain the braking balance, pressure to the rear
axle is regulated by a Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV)
This PRV is of the failure bypass type, allowing full
system pressure to the rear axle in the event of a front
circuit failure. It is sited on the left inner wing [fender].
4. Electronic control unit - ECU
ABS control is provided by an electronic control unit
which is positioned on the passenger side of the
vehicle behind the dash panel/glove box.
The ECU, which is non-serviceable, is connected to
the ABS harness by a 35 way connector. non
serviceable.
The ECU continually monitors the brake system,
providing diagnostics in the event of a system
malfunction. Details of how to access the ECU
diagnostics are provided in the Electrical
Troubleshooting Manual.
5.& 6. Front and rear sensors/exciter rings - 4 off
A sensor is sited at each wheel, sensing a 60 tooth
exciter ring. When vehicle is in motion inductive
sensors send signals to ECU. Front exciter ring is
fitted to outside diameter of constant velocity joint
inside each front hub assembly. The rear exciter ring
is bolted to the rear of each brake disc bell.7. Diagnostic plug connection
A diagnostic plug is located behind the dash. To the
left of the steering column on LHD vehicles. To the
right of the steering column on RHD vehicles. It is a 5
way blue connector.
The location and identification of ABS electrical relays
are given in the Electrical Troubleshooting Manual.
For location and identification of ABS electrical fuses.
See ELECTRICAL, Repair, Fuse Box - Interioror.
See ELECTRICAL, Repair, Fuse Box - Engine
Compartment
ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM - ABS
Manufactured by WABCO
Introduction
The purpose of ABS is to prevent vehicle wheels
locking during brake application, thus maintaining
vehicle steerability and stability. This allows vehicle to
be steered whilst brakes are applied, even under
emergency conditions, and to avoid obstacles where
there is sufficient space to redirect the vehicle.
WARNING: ABS is an aid to retaining
steering control and stability while
braking.
·ABS cannot defy the natural laws of physics
acting on the vehicle.
·ABS will not prevent accidents resulting from
excessive cornering speeds, following
another vehicle too closely or aquaplaning,
i.e. where a layer of water prevents adequate
contact between tyre and road surface.
·The additional control provided by ABS must
never be exploited in a dangerous or
reckless manner which could jeopardise the
safety of driver or other road users.
·The fitting of ABS does not imply that the
vehicle will always stop in a shorter stopping
distance.

70BRAKES
4
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION System description
The brake system consists of dual hydraulic circuits in
a front - rear split. That is individual circuits to front
and rear axles.
Wheelspeed signals are provided by the fitting of
exciter rings to axles and speed sensors.
An ABS stop light switch is fitted to provide a braking
signal to the ECU as well as operate the stop lights.
Electrical wiring is provided as necessary with system
relays and fuses. Discovery Electrical Troubleshooting
Manual gives the location and wiring circuits of these
components.
Visual warning of system malfunction is provided via a
warning light in the instrument panel.
Hydraulic circuit ABS
Key
A = Primary hydraulic circuit
B = Secondary hydraulic circuit
C = Pressure reducing valve
D = ABS ModulatorABS System operation
During normal braking the feel of the brake pedal on
vehicles equipped with ABS will be the same as that
on non ABS vehicles. During ABS cycling the driver
will experience feedback in the form of a pulsating
brake pedal and solenoid/pump motor noise from the
Modulator.
The system is fully automatic in operation both on and
off road, and will only act when the ECU detects that
ABS cycling is necessary. The ECU continually
monitors the operation of the system.
When starting the ABS system will go through a series
of self checks, including a check of the solenoid
valves/pump motor.
WARNING LIGHT
The warning light will be on during the self check
(1.3-2 secs). If no faults are stored in the memory the
light goes out for 0.5sec,then comes on again. It will
then remain on until the vehicle is driven faster than 7
kph/5mph. This is the only time that the light will be on
without indicating a problem.
Any faults detected by the ECU will cause the warning
light to illuminate indicating that the vehicle may not
have full ABS control.

BRAKES
1
FAULT DIAGNOSIS ABS FAULT DIAGNOSIS
If a fault has occurred, or has been identified by ECU
self diagnostic function and ABS warning light is
illuminated. The system and components must be
checked to locate and rectify fault, using Testbook
diagnostics.
NOTE: If warning lamp has indicated a
fault in system, and no fault code has been
stored in memory, cause of fault is:
a) Failure in electrical supply
b) Bad ECU ground
c) Faulty warning light relay
d) ECU not connected
Before commencing fault diagnosis procedure
following items must be checked:
1.Inspect all exposed cables for damage or
abrasion.
2.Check ground on ABS system.
3.Battery - state of charge.
4.Check hub end-float.
5.All ABS fuses and electrical connections.
Fault rectification
1.Complete harness should be replaced if faults
are found in wiring harness.
2.DO NOT use unspecified cables or connectors,
as this could jeopardise safe function of ABS.
3.DO NOT attempt to open sealed 35 way
connector to ECU.FAULT DIAGNOSIS PROCEDURE
NOTE: If ABS warning light illuminates due
to large sensor air gap, fault will be
retained by the ECU memory. Where wheel
sensors have been pushed fully home prior to
test, The ECU will indicate a fault that has been
rectified.
NOTE: After any steering adjustment,
bearing replacement/adjustment, brake
disc replacement: Check hub end-float and
sensor clearance.
RELAYS AND FUSES ABS
The location and identification of ABS electrical relays
are given in the Electrical Troubleshooting Manual
For location and identification of ABS electrical fuses.
See ELECTRICAL, Repair, Fuse Box - Interioror.
See ELECTRICAL, Repair, Fuse Box - Engine
Compartment

WHEELS AND TYRES
1
REPAIR GENERAL INFORMATION
WARNING: This is a multi- purpose vehicle
with wheels and tyres designed for both
on and off road usage. Only use wheels
and tyres specified for use on the vehicle.
The vehicle is equipped with tubeless 'S','T' or 'H'
rated radial ply tyres as standard equipment. The
tyres are of European metric size and must not be
confused with the "P" size metric tyres available in
North America.
Vehicle wheel sets, including spare wheel, must be
fitted with the same make and type of tyre to the
correct specification and tread pattern. Under no
circumstances must cross-ply or bias-belted tyres be
used.
For tyre specification and pressures.
See GENERAL
SPECIFICATION DATA, Information, Wheels and
Tyres
Alloy Wheels
Tubeless tyres are mounted on 7.0 inch wide by 16
inch diameter cast aluminium alloy wheels.The
surface has a paint finish covered with a clear
polyurethane lacquer. Care must be taken when
handling the wheel to avoid scratching or chipping the
finish.
The alloy wheel rim is of the asymmetric hump
type incorporating a safety hump to improve
location of the tyre bead in its seat. If difficulty is
experienced in fitting tyres to this type of rim.
See
Tyre Fitting
WARNING: Do not fit an inner tube to an
alloy wheel.
Steel wheels
Tubeless tyres are mounted on 7.0 inch wide by 16
inch diameter steel wheels.TYRE INSPECTION
Inspect tyres at weekly intervals to obtain maximum
tyre life and performance and to ensure compliance
with legal requirements. Check for signs of incorrect
inflation and uneven wear, which may indicate a need
for balancing or front wheel alignment.
See Fault
diagnosis, Tyre Wear Chart
if the tyres have
abnormal or uneven wear patterns.
Check tyres at least weekly for cuts, abrasions, bulges
and for objects embedded in the tread. More frequent
inspections are recommended when the vehicle is
regularly used in off road conditions.
To assist tyre inspection, tread wear indicators are
moulded into the bottom of the tread grooves, as
shown in the illustration below.
When the tread has worn to a remaining depth of 1.6
mm the indicators appear at the surface as bars which
connect the tread pattern across the width of the tread
as shown in the illustration below.

76CHASSIS AND BODY
48
REPAIR 20.Note position of levers, disconnect heater control
cables from levers and outer cable from retaining
clips.
21.Remove 4 bolts securing dash panel to centre
lower mounting brackets.
22.Remove 4 bolts securing dash panel to side
lower mounting brackets.
23.Undo 4 screws and remove 2 driver's knee
bolster pads from below steering column.
24.Remove 4 nuts securing instrument mounting
bracket to dash panel.
25. With assistance:Manoeuvre dash panel
partially rearward.
26.Driver's side: Disconnect 6 multiplugs
connecting dash harness to main harness.
27.Disconnect 3 multiplugs connecting dash
harness to fusebox.
28. With assistance:Lift dash panel rearward to
clear fixings and remove from vehicle.

CHASSIS AND BODY
49
REPAIR Refit
CAUTION: When refitting avoid trapping
electrical wiring.
29.Reverse removal procedure.
30.With assistance: Position dash panel and
connect dash harness multiplugs to fusebox and
main harness.
31.Reverse removal procedure. Ensure dash panel
upper bracket studs are located before the 4
lower brackets.
32.Reverse removal procedure. Disconnect
glovebox switch Lucars to ease fitting of relay
bracket.WINDSCREEN GLASS
Service repair no - 76.81.01
Information
The following equipment is required:
·Cutting wire and handles
·Windscreen repair kit (see Technical
Bulletin).
See Electrical Trouble Shooting
Manual.Windscreen Glass Replacement.
·Sealant applicator gun.
·Suction cup lifters.
The following materials are included in the windscreen
repair kit:
·Glass cleaning solvent - 'Betawipe' Glass
activator (yellow cap).
·Cotton buds.
·Glass primer - 'Betaprime'(green cap).
·Body primer - 'Betaprime' paint/plastic
primer (red cap).
·Betaseal Adhesive sealant.
NOTE: The adhesive sealant cures in 6 to 8
hours
CAUTION: Once existing sealant is cut, the
exposed surfaces oxidises in
approximately 90 minutes. The refit
procedure must be completed within this time
span to prevent the sealant oxidising, to effect a
satisfactory joint.
CAUTION: If the windscreen aperture body
flange shows signs of corrosion it must be
treated with anti corrosion primer and
repainted. Newly painted areas must then be left
for 8 hours or more before applying adhesive
sealant.

AIR CONDITIONING
1
FAULT DIAGNOSIS AIR CONDITIONING FAULTS
FAULT CAUSE REMEDY
1. Incorrect voltage. 1. Check voltage.
A.2. Open or defective fuse or relay. 2. Check and replace as necessary.
BLOWER3. Loose wire connection including 3. Check system wires; tighten
MOTORground. all connections.
INOPERATIVE4. Switch open or defective. 4. Replace switch.
OR SLOW5. Tight, worn, or burnt motor 5. Replace motor.
RUNNINGbearings.
6. Open rotor windings. 6. Replace motor.
7. Worn motor brushes. 7. Replace motor.
8. Shaft binding-blade misaligned. 8. Check alignment. Repair or replace
as necessary.
9. Defective resistors 9. Rectify or replace.
1. Incorrect voltage. 1. Check voltage.
2. Open or defective fuse or relay. 2. Check and replace as necessary.
B.3. Defective thermostat control or 3. Replace thermostat or
COMPRESSORpressure switch. pressure switch.
CLUTCH4. Shorted or open field coil. 4. Replace coil.
INOPERATIVE5. Bearing seized (clutch will not 5. Replace clutch pulley assembly.
disengage).
6. Refrigeration circuit problem causing
heavy load and excessive drive
torque.6. Check and rectify.
1. Incorrect alignment. 1. Check alignment; repair as
necessary.
2. Loose belt. 2. Adjust to proper tension.
C.3. Compressor not mounted securely. 3. Repair as necessary.
COMPRESSOR4. Bearing in clutch-pulley 4. Remove clutch and replace
CLUTCHassembly not pressed in. clutch pulley assembly.
NOISY5. Low voltage to clutch. 5. Check connections and voltage.
6. Clutch will not spin freely. 6. Refer to B5 above.
7. Oil on clutch face. 7. Check compressor seals for leaks.
8. Slipping clutch. 8. Refer to C5 above. Then check air
gap.
9. Overloaded or locked compressor. 9. Repair or replace compressor.
10. Icing. 10. Check for suction line frosting.
Replace expansion valve if
necessary.
Replace receiver/drier if necessary.
D.1. Motor and/or blades improperly 1. Check mountings, adjust as
CONDENSERmounted. necessary.
VIBRATION2. Foreign matter build-up on 2. Clean blades with a suitable
blades. non-inflammable cleaner.
3. Excessive wear of motor bearings. 3. Replace motor.

84WIPERS AND WASHERS
2
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Wash wipe function
With the ignition switched on, power is supplied via a
fuse to the multi-switch, a control unit and a park
switch which is driven by the wiper motor.
Single wipe A
Pull the lever down and release immediately.
NOTE: With the lever held down, the
wipers will continue operating at high
speed until it is released.
Intermittent wipe B
Turn switch to second position.
Normal speed wipe C
Turn switch to second position.
Fast speed wide D
Turn switch to third position.
Variable delay (intermittent wipe)
Rotate the switch to vary the delay between wipes.
Windscreen washer E
Pull the lever towards the steering wheel. The
windscreen washers will operate in conjunction with
the wipers for as long as the lever is held in this
position.
Headlamp washers
The headlamp washers operate automatically
whenever the windscreen washers are operated,
provided the headlamps are illuminated and switched
to dipped beam. For continuous washing, hold the
windscreen washer control in the washposition E.
REAR WINDOW WIPER AND WASHER
OPERATION
The illustration J5375 also locates and identifies the
main components of the rear window wiper and
washer system which is operated by two switches
mounted on the right hand side of the instrument
binnacle.
Rear window wipe A
Press the switch to operate: after continuously wiping
3 or 4 times, the wiper operates intermittently (approx
once every 6 seconds) until switched off.
Rear window washer B
Press and hold the switch for the required duration of
rear screen washing. The wiper operates
automatically during washing and continues for a
further 3 wipes after the switch is released.