1995 JEEP XJ towing

²Do not allow passengers to ride in a vehicle being
towed.
²Always observe state and local laws regarding tow-
ing regulations.²Do not tow a vehicle in a manner that could jeop-
ardize the safety of the operator, pedestrians or other
motorists.
²Do not attach tow chains, T-hooks, J-hooks, or a
tow sling to a bumper, steering linkage, drive shafts
or a non-reinforced frame hole.
GROUND CLEARANCE AND RAMP ANGLE
GROUND CLEARANCE
CAUTION: If vehicle is towed with wheels removed,
install lug nuts to retain brake drums.
A towed vehicle should be raised until lifted wheels
are a minimum 100 mm (4 in) from the ground. Be
sure there is adequate ground clearance at the oppo-
site end of the vehicle, especially when towing over
rough terrain or steep rises in the road. If necessary,
remove the wheels from the lifted end of the vehicle
and lower the vehicle closer to the ground, to in-
crease the ground clearance at the opposite end of
the vehicle. Install lug nuts on wheel attaching studs
to retain brake drums.
FLAT-BED TOWING RAMP ANGLE
If a vehicle with flat-bed towing equipment is used,
the approach ramp angle should not exceed 15 de-
grees.
TWO-WHEEL-DRIVE VEHICLE TOWINGÐXJ
Chrysler Corporation recommends that a vehicle be
towed with the rear end lifted, whenever possible.
TOWING-REAR END LIFTED (SLING-TYPE)
CAUTION: Do not use steering column lock to se-
cure steering wheel during towing operation.
2WD XJ vehicles can be towed with the front
wheels on the surface for extended distances at
speeds not exceeding 48 km/h (30 mph).
(1) Attach J-hooks around the axle shaft tube out-
board of the shock absorber.
(2) Place the sling crossbar under and forward of
the bumper.
(3) Attach safety chains around the frame rails.
(4) Turn the ignition switch to the OFF position to
unlock the steering wheel.
(5) Secure steering wheel in the straight ahead po-
sition with a clamp device designed for towing.
(6) Verify that steering components are in good
condition.
(7) Shift the transmission to NEUTRAL.
Fig. 3 Correct Vehicle Lifting LocationsÐTypical
Fig. 4 Tow Vehicles With Approved Equipment.
JLUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE 0 - 11

TOWING-FRONT END LIFTED (SLING-TYPE)
CAUTION: Many vehicles are equipped with air
dams, spoilers, and/or ground effect panels. To
avoid component damage, a wheel-lift towing vehi-
cle or a flat-bed hauling vehicle is recommended.
If a 2WD XJ vehicle cannot be towed with the rear
wheels lifted, it can be towed with the front wheels
lifted.
(1) Attach a J-hook to the disabled vehicle at the
left side of the axle.
(2) Position the sling crossbar close to the J-hook
and below the front bumper.
(3) Secure a chain to the right side of vehicle by
placing it over the axle shaft tube and attaching it to
a structural member (Fig. 5).
(4) Attach the safety chains to the vehicle.
(5) Turn the ignition switch to the OFF position to
unlock the steering wheel.
2WD-AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION
Provided the transmission is operable, tow only in
NEUTRALat speeds not to exceed 30 mph (50
km/h) and distances less than 15 miles (25km/h).
If the vehicle is to be towed more than 15 miles,
the propeller shaft should be disconnected or place
tow dollies under rear wheels.
2WD-MANUAL TRANSMISSION
To reduce the possible damage of transmission com-
ponents, the propeller shaft must be removed or
place tow dollies under the rear wheels before tow-
ing. Refer to Propeller Shafts, Group 16 for proper
removal procedure.
FOUR-WHEEL-DRIVE VEHICLE TOWING
Chrysler Corporation recommends that a vehicle be
transported on a flat-bed device. A Wheel-lift or
Sling-type device can be used provided all the wheels
are lifted off the ground using tow dollies.
TOWING-REAR END LIFTED (SLING-TYPE)
4WD XJ VEHICLES
(1) Raise the front of the vehicle off the ground
and install tow dollies under front wheels.
(2) Attach J-hooks around the rear axle shaft tube
outboard of the shock absorber.
(3) Place the sling crossbar under and forward of
the bumper.
(4) Attach safety chains around the frame rails.
(5) Turn the ignition switch to the OFF position to
unlock the steering wheel.
(6) Secure steering wheel in the straight ahead po-
sition with a clamp device designed for towing.
(7) Shift the transfer case to NEUTRAL.
4WD YJ VEHICLES
Use Wheel-Lift equipment and Tow Dollies
when towing from the rear end of the vehicle.
TOWING-FRONT END LIFTED (SLING-TYPE)
4WD XJ VEHICLES
(1) Raise the rear of the vehicle off the ground and
install tow dollies under rear wheels.
(2) Attach a J-hook to the disabled vehicle at the
left side of front the axle.
(3) Position the sling crossbar close to the J-hook
and below the front bumper (Fig. 6).
(4) Secure a chain to the right side of vehicle by
placing it over the axle shaft tube and attaching it to
a structural member
(4) Attach the safety chains to the vehicle.
(5) Turn the ignition switch to the OFF position to
unlock the steering wheel.
(6) Shift transfer case to NEUTRAL.
Fig. 5 Sling-Type, Front-End Towing (XJ Rear View)
Fig. 6 Sling-Type, Front-End Towing (XJ Front View)
0 - 12 LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCEJ

4WD YJ VEHICLES
(1) Raise the rear of the vehicle off the ground and
install tow dollies under rear wheels.
CAUTION: Use tow chains with T-hooks for con-
necting to the disabled vehicle's frame rails. Never
use J-hooks.
(2) Attach the T-hooks to the slots in the front end
of each frame rail (Fig. 7).
(3) Position each safety chain over the top of each
front spring and inboard of each front spring shackle.
(4) Double wrap each chain.
(5) Position the sling crossbar under the front
bumper.
(6) Turn the ignition switch to the OFF position to
unlock the steering wheel.
(7) Shift the transfer case to NEUTRAL.
TOWING WHEN KEYS ARE NOT AVAILABLE
When the vehicle is locked and keys are not avail-
able, use a flat bed hauler. A Wheel-lift or Sling-type
device can be used provided all the wheels are lifted
off the ground using tow dollies (Fig. 8).
EMERGENCY TOW HOOKS
WARNING: REMAIN AT A SAFE DISTANCE FROM A
VEHICLE THAT IS BEING TOWED VIA ITS TOW
HOOKS. THE TOW STRAPS/CHAINS COULD BREAK
AND CAUSE SERIOUS INJURY.
Some Jeep vehicles are equipped with front and
rear emergency tow hooks (Fig. 9). The tow hooks
should be used forEMERGENCYpurposes only.CAUTION: DO NOT use emergency tow hooks for
tow truck hook-up or highway towing.
FLAT TOWING (4 TIRES/WHEELS ON
SURFACE)
Tow a vehicle in this manner only when all four
wheels will freely rotate. Prepare the vehicle accord-
ing to the following procedures.
2WD VEHICLES
(1) Mark the drive shaft and the axle drive pinion
gear shaft yoke for installation alignment reference.
(2) Remove the drive shaft. Install a protective cov-
ering over the drive shaft U-joints to retain them as-
sembled and protected.
Fig. 7 Sling-Type, Front-End Towing (YJ Vehicles)
Fig. 8 Sling-Type, Front-End Towing With Rear
Wheels On A Tow Dolly
Fig. 9 Emergency Front Tow HooksÐXJ & YJ
Vehicles
JLUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE 0 - 13

(3) Cover the open end of the transmission exten-
sion housing.
4WD VEHICLESÐXJ
(1) Shift transfer case lever to NEUTRAL.
(2) Place ignition switch in the unlocked position.
4WD VEHICLESÐYJ
CAUTION: Follow these steps to be certain that the
transfer case is fully in N (NEUTRAL) and that the
axle is completely disengaged before flat towing to
prevent damage to internal parts.
(1) Shift transfer case into 2H and check that the
4WD light goes out.
(2) Start engine and drive the vehicle 3 mm (10 ft.)
rearward and then 3 mm (10 ft.) forward to make
sure the axle is disengaged.(3) Shift transmission to Neutral.
(4) Turn off engine with the ignition key in the un-
locked OFF position.
(5) Shift transfer case lever from 2H to N (NEU-
TRAL) position.
(6) Shift manual transmission into gear or auto-
matic transmission into P (PARK).
WARNING: WITH THE TRANSFER CASE IN NEU-
TRAL POSITION, THE VEHICLE COULD ROLL UN-
EXPECTEDLY. THE PARKING BRAKE SHOULD
ALWAYS BE APPLIED BEFORE THE TOW BAR IS
ATTACHED.
(7) Attach vehicle to the tow vehicle with tow bar.
CAUTION: Do not use a bumper mounted clamp-on
tow bar, damage to bumper face bar may occur.
0 - 14 LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCEJ

SPECIAL ADDITIVES
The addition of any special-type fluid to a Jeep au-
tomatic transmission is not recommended. The only
exception is the addition of black-light detection dye
to aid in detecting the source of ATF leaks. The use
of transmission sealing additives should also be
avoided.
Black-light detection dye is factory-installed
in automatic transmissions and, unless the ATF
has been drained and re-placed, it is not neces-
sary to add dye.
FLUID AND FILTER CHANGE
The automatic transmission fluid and filter should
be changed at the intervals described in the Mainte-
nance Schedules section of this Group. Refer to
Group 21, Transmission for proper service proce-
dures.
TRANSFER CASE (4WD VEHICLES)
The transfer case should be inspected for fluid
leaks and proper fluid level when other under vehicle
service is performed.
FLUID LEVEL
The transfer case fill hole plug is located at the
rear of the housing (Fig. 5).
Determine the transfer case fluid (ATF) level ac-
cording to the following procedure.(1) Raise and support the vehicle.
(2) Remove the fill hole plug from the transfer case
(Fig. 5). The fluid (ATF) level should be at the bottom
edge of the fill hole. The level can be slightly below
the bottom edge of the fill hole if the fluid is cold.
(3) If the level is not acceptable, raise the fluid
level to the bottom edge of the fill hole.
(4) Install the fill hole plug (Fig. 5). Tighten the fill
hole plug to 48 Nzm (35 ft-lbs) torque.
(5) Remove the support and lower the vehicle.
FLUID DRAIN AND REFILL
The Transfer Case should be serviced as specified
in the Lubrication and Maintenance Schedules.
(1) Raise and support the vehicle.
(2) Remove the fill hole plug (Fig. 5) from the
transfer case.
(3) Place an appropriate container under the trans-
fer case drain hole plug (Fig. 5).
(4) Remove the drain hole plug and drain the ATF
from the transfer case into the container.
CAUTION: Do not over-tighten the drain and fill hole
plugs. Over-tightening can strip the hole threads
and/or crack the aluminum housing.
(5) Install the drain hole plug in the transfer case.
Tighten the drain hole plug to 27 Nzm (20 ft-lbs)
torque.
(6) Fill the transfer case to the bottom edge of the
fill hole.
(7) Install the fill hole plug in the transfer case
Tighten the plug to 27 Nzm (20 ft-lbs) torque.
(8) Remove the support and lower the vehicle.
FLUID SPECIFICATION
If it is necessary to add fluid to a transfer case (or
when the fluid is changed), use MOPAR ATF PLUS
type 7176 or an equivalent Mercon/Dexron III ATF.
FRONT AND REAR AXLES
The front and rear axles should be inspected for
fluid leaks and proper fluid level when other under
vehicle service is performed. Refer to the Lubrication
and Maintenance Schedule service intervals.
LUBRICANT SPECIFICATIONS
For normal vehicle operation, use SAE 75W-90,
API Quality Grade GL-5 gear lubricant in all Jeep
front (4WD only) and rear axles. Vehicles equipped
with a Trac-Lok rear axle also require a friction mod-
ifier additive included with the gear lubricant.
When involved in trailer towing applications
use SAE 80W-140, API Quality Grade GL-5 gear
lubricant in the rear axle. XJ Vehicles equipped
with a class III trailer hitch require SAE 75W-
140 synthetic gear lubricant in the rear axle.
Fig. 4 Dipstick & ATF Level
Fig. 5 Transfer CaseÐTypical
0 - 24 LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCEJ

AXLE NOISE/VIBRATION DIAGNOSIS
INDEX
page page
Driveline Snap........................... 19
Gear and Bearing Noise.................... 18
General Information....................... 18Low Speed Knock......................... 19
Vibration................................ 19
GENERAL INFORMATION
Axle bearing problem conditions are usually caused
by:
²Insufficient or incorrect lubricant
²Foreign matter/water contamination
²Incorrect bearing preload torque adjustment
²Incorrect backlash (to tight)
When serviced, the bearings must be cleaned thor-
oughly. They should be dried with lint-free shop tow-
els.Never dry bearings with compressed air.
This will overheat them and brinell the bearing
surfaces. This will result in noisy operation af-
ter repair.
Axle gear problem conditions are usually the result
of:
²Insufficient lubrication
²Incorrect or contaminated lubricant
²Overloading (excessive engine torque) or exceeding
vehicle weight capacity
²Incorrect clearance or backlash adjustment
Insufficient lubrication is usually the result of a
housing cover leak. It can also be from worn axle
shaft or pinion gear seals. Check for cracks or porous
areas in the housing or tubes.
Using the wrong lubricant will cause overheating
and gear failure. Gear tooth cracking and bearing
spalling are indicators of this.
Axle component breakage is most often the result
of:
²Severe overloading
²Insufficient lubricant
²Incorrect lubricant
²Improperly tightened components
Overloading occurs when towing heavier than rec-
ommended loads. Component breakage can occur
when the wheels are spun excessively. Incorrect lu-
bricant quantity contributes to breakage. Loose dif-
ferential components can also cause breakage.
Incorrect bearing preload or gear backlash will not
result in component breakage. Mis-adjustment will
produce enough noise to cause service repair before a
failure occurs. If a mis-adjustment condition is not
corrected, component failure can result.
Excessive bearing preload may not be noisy. This
condition will cause high temperature which can re-
sult in bearing failure.
GEAR AND BEARING NOISE
GEAR NOISE
Axle gear noise can be caused by insufficient lubri-
cant. Incorrect backlash, tooth contact, or worn/dam-
aged gears can cause noise.
Gear noise usually happens at a specific speed
range. The range is 30 to 40 mph, or above 50 mph.
The noise can also occur during a specific type of
driving condition. These conditions are acceleration,
deceleration, coast, or constant load.
When road testing, accelerate the vehicle to the
speed range where the noise is the greatest. Shift
out-of-gear and coast through the peak-noise range.
If the noise stops or changes greatly, check for insuf-
ficient lubricant. Incorrect ring gear backlash, or
gear damage can cause noise changes.
Differential side and pinion gears can be checked
by turning the vehicle. They usually do not cause
noise in straight-ahead driving. These gears are
loaded during vehicle turns. If noise does occur dur-
ing vehicle turns, the side or pinion gears could be
worn or damaged. A worn pinion gear mate shaft can
also cause a snapping or a knocking noise.
BEARING NOISE
The axle shaft, differential and pinion gear bear-
ings can all produce noise when worn or damaged.
Bearing noise can be either a whining, or a growling
sound.
Pinion gear bearings have a constant-pitch noise.
This noise changes only with vehicle speed. Pinion
bearing noise will be higher because it rotates at a
faster rate. Drive the vehicle and load the differen-
tial. If bearing noise occurs the pinion rear bearing is
the source of the noise. If the bearing noise is heard
during a coast, front bearing is the source.
Worn, damaged differential bearings usually pro-
duce a low pitch noise. Differential bearing noise is
similar to pinion bearing. The pitch of differential
bearing noise is also constant and varies only with
vehicle speed.
2 - 18 FRONT SUSPENSION AND AXLEJ

AXLE NOISE/VIBRATION DIAGNOSIS
INDEX
page page
Driveline Snap........................... 10
Gear and Bearing Noise..................... 9
General Information........................ 9
Limited Slip Differential..................... 10Low Speed Knock......................... 10
Rear Axle Alignment....................... 10
Vibration................................ 10
GENERAL INFORMATION
Axle bearing problem conditions are usually caused
by:
²Insufficient or incorrect lubricant
²Foreign matter/water contamination
²Incorrect bearing preload torque adjustment
²Incorrect backlash (to tight)
When serviced, the bearings must be cleaned thor-
oughly. They should be dried with lint-free shop tow-
els.Never dry bearings with compressed air.
This will overheat them and brinell the bearing
surfaces. This will result in noisy operation af-
ter repair.
Axle gear problem conditions are usually the result of:
²Insufficient lubrication
²Incorrect or contaminated lubricant
²Overloading (excessive engine torque) or exceeding
vehicle weight capacity
²Incorrect clearance or backlash adjustment
Insufficient lubrication is usually the result of a
housing cover leak. It can also be from worn axle
shaft or pinion gear seals. Check for cracks or porous
areas in the housing or tubes.
Using the wrong lubricant will cause overheating
and gear failure. Gear tooth cracking and bearing
spalling are indicators of this.
Axle component breakage is most often the result of:
²Severe overloading
²Insufficient lubricant
²Incorrect lubricant
²Improperly tightened components
Overloading occurs when towing heavier than rec-
ommended loads. Component breakage can occur
when the wheels are spun excessively. Incorrect lu-
bricant quantity contributes to breakage. Loose dif-
ferential components can also cause breakage.
Incorrect bearing preload or gear backlash will not
result in component breakage. Mis-adjustment will
produce enough noise to cause service repair before a
failure occurs. If a mis-adjustment condition is not
corrected, component failure can result.
Excessive bearing preload may not be noisy. This
condition will cause high temperature which can re-
sult in bearing failure.
GEAR AND BEARING NOISE
GEAR NOISE
Axle gear noise can be caused by insufficient lubri-
cant. Incorrect backlash, tooth contact, or worn/dam-
aged gears can cause noise.
Gear noise usually happens at a specific speed
range. The range is 30 to 40 mph, or above 50 mph.
The noise can also occur during a specific type of
driving condition. These conditions are acceleration,
deceleration, coast, or constant load.
When road testing, accelerate the vehicle to the
speed range where the noise is the greatest. Shift
out-of-gear and coast through the peak-noise range.
If the noise stops or changes greatly, check for insuf-
ficient lubricant. Incorrect ring gear backlash, or
gear damage can cause noise changes.
Differential side and pinion gears can be checked
by turning the vehicle. They usually do not cause
noise in straight-ahead driving. These gears are
loaded during vehicle turns. If noise does occur dur-
ing vehicle turns, the side or pinion gears could be
worn or damaged. A worn pinion gear mate shaft can
also cause a snapping or a knocking noise.
BEARING NOISE
The axle shaft, differential and pinion gear bear-
ings can all produce noise when worn or damaged.
Bearing noise can be either a whining, or a growling
sound.
Pinion gear bearings have a constant-pitch noise.
This noise changes only with vehicle speed. Pinion
bearing noise will be higher because it rotates at a
faster rate. Drive the vehicle and load the differen-
tial. If bearing noise occurs the pinion rear bearing is
the source of the noise. If the bearing noise is heard
during a coast, front bearing is the source.
Worn, damaged differential bearings usually pro-
duce a low pitch noise. Differential bearing noise is
similar to pinion bearing. The pitch of differential
bearing noise is also constant and varies only with
vehicle speed.
Axle shaft bearings produce noise and vibration
when worn or damaged. The noise generally changes
when the bearings are loaded. Road test the vehicle.
Turn the vehicle sharply to the left and to the right.
JREAR SUSPENSION AND AXLES 3 - 9

EXAMPLES:
²If the lamp (Figs. 5 or 6) flashes 1 time, pauses
and flashes 2 more times, a flashing Diagnostic Trou-
ble Code (DTC) number 12 is indicated. If this code is
observed, it is indicating that the battery has been
disconnected within the last 50 key-on cycles. It
could also indicate that battery voltage has been dis-
connected to the PCM. In either case, other DTC's
may have been erased.
²If the lamp flashes 1 time, pauses and flashes 7
more times, a flashing Diagnostic Trouble Code
(DTC) number 17 is indicated.
²If the lamp flashes 3 times, pauses and flashes 5
more times, a flashing Diagnostic Trouble Code
(DTC) number 35 is indicated.
After any stored DTC information has been ob-
served, the display will end with a flashing DTC
number 55. This will indicate the end of all stored in-
formation.
ERASING TROUBLE CODES
After the problem has been repaired, the DRB scan
tool must be used to erase a DTC. Refer to the ap-
propriate Powertrain Diagnostic Procedures service
manual for operation of the DRB scan tool.
DRB SCAN TOOL
For operation of the DRB scan tool, refer to the ap-
propriate Powertrain Diagnostic Procedures service
manual.
PRELIMINARY CHECKS
ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM OVERHEATING
Establish what driving conditions caused the com-
plaint. Abnormal loads on the cooling system such as
the following may be the cause.
1. PROLONGED IDLE, VERY HIGH AMBIENT
TEMPERATURE, SLIGHT TAIL WIND AT IDLE,
SLOW TRAFFIC, TRAFFIC JAMS, HIGH
SPEED, OR STEEP GRADES:
Driving techniques that avoid overheating are:
²Idle with A/C off when temperature gauge is at
end of normal range.
²Increasing engine speed for more air flow is recom-
mended.
2. TRAILER TOWING:
Consult Trailer Towing section of owners manual.
Do not exceed limits.
3. AIR CONDITIONING; ADD-ON OR AFTER
MARKET:
A maximum cooling package should have been or-
dered with vehicle if add-on or after market A/C is
installed. If not, maximum cooling system compo-
nents should be installed for model involved per
manufacturer's specifications.
4. RECENT SERVICE OR ACCIDENT REPAIR:
Determine if any recent service has been performed
on vehicle that may effect cooling system. This may
be:
²Engine adjustments (incorrect timing)
²Slipping engine accessory drive belt(s)
²Brakes (possibly dragging)
²Changed parts (incorrect water pump rotating in
wrong direction)
²Reconditioned radiator or cooling system refilling
(possibly under-filled or air trapped in system).
If investigation reveals none of the previous
items as a cause for an engine overheating com-
plaint, refer to following Cooling System Diag-
nosis charts.
These charts are to be used as a quick-reference
only. Refer to the group text for information.
Fig. 7 Data Link ConnectorÐXJ ModelsÐTypical
Fig. 8 Data Link ConnectorÐYJ ModelsÐTypical
JCOOLING SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS 7 - 5