METER, ANALOG
Current flow activates a magnetic
coil which causes a needle to
move, thereby providing a relative
display against a background
calibration. LED (LIGHT EMITTING DIODE)
Upon current flow, these diodes
emit light without producing the
heat of a comparable light. IGNITION COIL
Converts low±voltage DC current
into high±voltage ignition current
for firing the spark plugs. 1. SINGLE
FILAMENT
GROUND
The point at which wiring attaches
to the Body, thereby providing a
return path for an electrical circuit;
without a ground, current cannot
flow.Current flow causes a headlight
filament to heat up and emit light.
A headlight may have either a
single (1) filament or a double (2)
filament. BATTERY
Stores chemical energy and
converts it into electrical energy.
Provides DC current for the auto's
various electrical circuits.
CAPACITOR (Condenser)
A small holding unit for temporary
storage of electrical voltage.
CIRCUIT BREAKER
Basically a reusable fuse, a circuit
breaker will heat and open if too
much current flows through it. Some
units automatically reset when cool,
others must be manually reset.
DIODE
A semiconductor which allows
current flow in only one direction.
DIODE, ZENER
A diode which allows current flow
in one direction but blocks reverse
flow only up to a specific voltage.
Above that potential, it passes the
excess voltage. This acts as a
simple voltage regulator.
FUSE
A thin metal strip which burns
through when too much current
flows through it, thereby stopping
current flow and protecting a
circuit from damage.
FUSIBLE LINK
A heavy±gauge wire placed in
high amperage circuits which
burns through on overloads,
thereby protecting the circuit.
The numbers indicate the cross±
section surface area of the wires.HORN
An electric device which sounds a
loud audible signal.
LIGHT
Current flow through a filament
causes the filament to heat up
and emit light.
METER, DIGITAL
Current flow activates one or
many LED's, LCD's, or fluorescent
displays, which provide a relative
or digital display.
MOTOR
A power unit which converts
electrical energy into mechanical
energy, especially rotary motion. CIGARETTE LIGHTER
An electric resistance heating
element.
DISTRIBUTOR, IIA
Channels high±voltage current
from the ignition coil to the
individual spark plugs.2. DOUBLE
FILAMENT HEADLIGHTS
FUEL
(for High Current Fuse or
Fusible Link.)
(for Medium Current Fuse)
M
16
GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND SYMBOLS
89
2. CONTROL SYSTEM
*MFI (MULTIPORT FUEL INJECTION (EFI)) SYSTEM
THE MFI (EFI) SYSTEM MONITORS THE ENGINE CONDITION THROUGH THE SIGNALS INPUT FROM EACH SENSOR (INPUT
SIGNALS FROM (1) TO (13) ETC.) TO THE ENGINE CONTROL MODULE (ECU). THE BEST FUEL INJECTION VOLUME IS DECIDED
BASED ON THIS DATA AND THE PROGRAM MEMORIZED BY THE ENGINE CONTROL MODULE (ECU), AND THE CONTROL SIGNAL
IS OUTPUT TO TERMINALS #10, #20, #30 AND #40 (CALIFORNIA), TERMINALS #10 AND #20 (EX. CALIFORNIA) OF THE ENGINE
CONTROL MODULE (ECU) TO OPERATE THE INJECTOR. (INJECT THE FUEL). THE MFI (EFI) SYSTEM PRODUCES CONTROL OF
FUEL INJECTION OPERATION BY THE ENGINE CONTROL MODULE (ECU) IN RESPONSE TO THE DRIVING CONDITIONS.
*ESA (ELECTRONIC SPARK ADVANCE) SYSTEM
THE ESA SYSTEM MONITORS THE ENGINE CONDITION THROUGH THE SIGNALS INPUT TO THE ENGINE CONTROL MODULE (ECU)
FROM EACH SENSOR (INPUT SIGNALS FROM (1), (2), (4) TO (12) ETC.) THE BEST IGNITION TIMING IS DETECTED ACCORDING TO
THIS DATA AND THE MEMORIZED DATA IN THE ENGINE CONTROL MODULE (ECU) AND THE CONTROL SIGNAL IS OUTPUT TO
TERMINAL IGT. THIS SIGNAL CONTROLS THE IGNITER TO PROVIDE THE BEST IGNITION TIMING FOR THE DRIVING CONDITIONS.
*IAC (IDLE AIR CONTROL (ISC)) SYSTEM
THE IAC (ISC) SYSTEM (ROTARY SOLENOID TYPE) INCREASES THE RPM AND PROVIDES IDLING STABILITY FOR FAST IDLE±UP
WHEN THE ENGINE IS COLD AND WHEN THE IDLE SPEED HAS DROPPED DUE TO ELECTRICAL LOAD, ETC. THE ENGINE
CONTROL MODULE (ECU) EVALUATES THE SIGNALS FROM EACH SENSOR (INPUT SIGNALS (1), (4) TO (8), (13) ETC.), OUTPUTS
CURRENT TO TERMINALS ISCO AND ISCC, AND CONTROLS THE IDLE AIR CONTROL VALVE (ISC VALVE).
*FUEL PUMP CONTROL SYSTEM
THE ENGINE CONTROL MODULE (ECU) OPERATION OUTPUTS TO TERMINAL FC AND CONTROLS THE CIRCUIT OPENING RELAY
AND THUS CONTROLS THE FUEL PUMP DRIVE SPEED IN RESPONSE TO CONDITIONS.
*A/C IDLE±UP SYSTEM
IN ORDER TO PREVENT THE ENGINE IDLING SPEED FROM DROPPING WHEN THE A/C IS OPERATING, THE A/C IDLE±UP SYSTEM
CONTROLS THE VSV (FOR A/C IDLE±UP) TO INCREASE THE ENGINE IDLING SPEED AND KEEP IT STABLE.
*EGR CONTROL SYSTEM
THE EGR CUT CONTROL SYSTEM CONTROLS THE VSV (FOR EGR) BY EVALUATING THE SIGNALS FROM EACH SENSOR INPUT TO
THE ENGINE CONTROL MODULE (ECU) (INPUT SIGNALS (1), (5), (6), (9) ETC.) AND BY SENDING OUTPUT TO TERMINAL THG OF
THE ENGINE CONTROL MODULE (ECU).
*A/C CUT CONTROL SYSTEM
WHEN THE VEHICLE SUDDENLY ACCELERATES FROM LOW ENGINE SPEED, THIS SYSTEM CUTS OFF AIR CONDITIONING
OPERATION FOR A FIXED PERIOD OF TIME IN RESPONSE TO THE VEHICLE SPEED AND THROTTLE VALVE OPENING ANGLE IN
ORDER TO MAINTAIN ACCELERATION PERFORMANCE.
THE ENGINE CONTROL MODULE (ECU) RECEIVES INPUT SIGNALS ((5), (6) ETC.), AND OUTPUTS SIGNALS TO TERMINAL ACT.
3. DIAGNOSIS SYSTEM
WITH THE DIAGNOSIS SYSTEM, WHEN THERE IS A MALFUNCTIONING IN THE ENGINE CONTROL MODULE (ECU) SIGNAL SYSTEM,
THE MALFUNCTION SYSTEM IS RECORDED IN THE MEMORY. THE MALFUNCTIONING SYSTEM CAN THEN BE FOUND BY READING
THE DISPLAY (CODE) OF THE MALFUNCTION INDICATOR LAMP (CHECK ENGINE WARNING LIGHT).
4. FAIL±SAFE SYSTEM
WHEN A MALFUNCTION OCCURS IN ANY SYSTEM, IF THERE IS A POSSIBILITY OF ENGINE TROUBLE BEING CAUSED BY
CONTINUED CONTROL BASED ON THE SIGNALS FROM THAT SYSTEM, THE FAIL±SAFE SYSTEM EITHER CONTROLS THE SYSTEM
BY USING DATA (STANDARD VALUES) RECORDED IN THE ENGINE CONTROL MODULE (ECU) MEMORY OR ELSE STOPS THE
ENGINE.
