1993 BMW M3 pression fuel

GENERAL
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.....
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...
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...
100-1

Cylinder
Block
and
Crankshaft
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
...
100-1

Connecting
Rods
and
Pistons
.
.
.
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100-1

Cylinder
Head
and
Valvetrain
.
.
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.
.
100-2

VANOS
(Variable
Valve
Timing)
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
...
100-2

DISA
(Dual
Resonance
Intake
System)
.
.
.
.
.
100-3

Engine
Management
System
.
.
.
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.
100-3

Ignition
......
.
.
.
.........
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100-5

Fuel
Delivery
..
.
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.
.....
.
...
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.
.
100-5

Cooling
System
.
...........
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.....
.
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100-5

Lubrication
System
.........
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100-5

MECHANICALTROUBLESHOOTING
.
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100-5

Warnings
and
Cautions
..
.
...
.
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.
100-5

Cylinder
compression,
checking
.
.
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.
.
100-6

EngineMechanical
Troubleshooting
Table
.
.
.
100-7

DRIVEABILITY
TROUBLESHOOTING
...
100-8

GENERAL

There
are
various
engíne
configurations
used
in
the
1992-

1998
E36
cars
.
See
Table
a
.

On
both
four-
and
6-cylinder
engines,
the
cylinder
block
is

cast
¡ron
with
integral
cyiinders
.
The
cyiinders
are
exposed
on

all
sides
to
circulating
coolant
.

The
fully
counterweighted
crankshaft
rotates
in
replaceable

split-shell
main
bearings
.
Oiiways
drilled
into
the
crankshaft
pro-

vide
bearing
lubrication
.
O¡I
seals
pressed
into
alloy
sea¡
hous-

ings
are
installedat
both
ends
of
the
crankshaft
.

100
Engine-General

Tablea
.
Engine
Specifications

ENGINE-GENERAL
100-1

On-Board
Diagnostics
(OBD)
...
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
100-8

Basic
Requirements
....
.
.
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
....
.100-11

Preventive
Maintenance
......
.
.
.
.
.
.....
100-11

Basic
Engine
Settings
..
.
.....
.
.
.
.
.
.....
100-11

Oxygen
Sensors
.
.
.
...
.
.
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
....
.100-11

Air
Flow
Measurement
and
Vacuum
Leaks
.
.100-12

Battery
Voltage
.
.
...........
.
.
.
.
.
.....
100-12

Wiring
and
Harness
Connections
.
.
.
.
.....
100-13

Ground
Connections
...
.
.....
.
.
.
.
.
.....
100-13

Fue¡
Supply
....
.
...........
.
.
..
.....
.100-14

TABLES

a
.
Engine
Specifications
...
...
...........
.
..
..
.100-1

b
.
Engine
Management
Systems
..
..
...........
..
100-5

c
.
Engine
Mechanical
Troubleshooting
..........
.
.
100-8

d
.
OBD
1
Fault
(Blink)
Codes
(1992-1995
models
only)
.
...
..
..
..........
..
.100-9
e
.
Engine
Driveability
Troubleshooting
...........
.100-15
Model



Engine
code



No
.
of



Dispiacement



Compression



Horsepower
cyiinders



liters
(cu
.
in
.)



ratio



SAE
net
@
rpm

318i/is/¡C
1992-1995



M42



4



1
.8
(109
.6)



10
.0
:1



100
@
6000
1996-1998



M44



4



1
.9
(115
.6)



~
10
.0
:1



103
@
6000

323ís/iC
1998



M52



6



2
.5
(152
.2)



10
.5
:1



168
@
5,500

325i/is/iC
1992-1995



M50



6



2
.5
(152
.2)



10
.0
:1



110
@
5,900

328i/is/iC
1996-1998



M52



6



2
.8
(170
.4)



10
.2
:1



190
@
5,300

M3
1995



S50US



6



3
.0
(182
.5)



10
.5:1



240
@
6,000
1996-1998



S52US



6



3
.2
(192
.3)



10
.5:1



240
@
6,000
Cylinder
Block
and
Crankshaft



Connecting
Rods
and
Pistons

The
forged
connecting
rods
use
replaceable
split-shell

bearings
at
the
crankshaft
endand
solid
bushings
at
the
pis-

ton
pin
end
.
The
pistonsare
of
the
three-ring
typewith
two
up-
per
compression
rings
and
a
lowerone-piece
o¡i
scraper
ring
.

Fui¡-floating
piston
pins
are
retained
with
circlips
.

GENERAL

100-6
ENGINE-GENERAL

Cylinder
compression,
checking

A
compression
tester
is
needed
to
make
a
compression
test
.

To
obtain
accurate
test
results,
the
battery
and
starter
must
be
capable
of
cranking
the
engine
at
250-300
rpm,
and
theen-

gine
should
be
at
normal
operating
temperature
.
Use
com-

pressed
air
to
clean
aroundthe
spark
plugs
before
removal
.

1
.
Disable
the
ignítion
system
by
removing
the
engine

management
system
main
relay
and
the
fuel
pump
re-
¡ay
.
See
Fig
.
6
.

WARNING
-

The
ignítion
system
produces
high
voltages
that
canbe
fatal
.
Avoid
contact
with
exposed
termínals
and

useextreme
caution
when
working
on
acar
wíth
the
ignítion
switched
on
or
the
engine
running
.

Fuel



DM
E
pump
main
re
ay



rel
ay
o
oa
ooa

.,
o00
oao

Fig
.
6
.



Engine
management
relays
in
power
distribution
box
inleft
rear
of
engine
compartment
.

CAUTION-

"
On
OBD
11
cars,
making
a
compression
test
may
causea
faultto
set
in
the
ECM
and
may
also
il-
luminate
the
Check
Engine
light
.
The
light
can
only
be
tumed
out
using
special
scan
tool
equip-
ment,using
eíther
the
BMW
specialservíce
tool
or
using
a
"generic"
OBD
11
scan
tool
.
Discon-
necting
the
battery
will
not
erase
the
fault
mem-
orynor
turn
outthe
light
.

0013034,

0012630

Fig
.
7
.



Remove
spark
plug
wires
from
spark
plugs
on
4-cylinder
en-
gine
using
special
tool
.
Tool
is
stored
under
cover
at
rear
of
cylinder
head
(arrow)
.

Fig
.
8
.



Remove
engine
cover
on
6-cylinder
engine
byprying
off
nut
covers
and
removing
nuts
(A)
.
Be
careful
not
to
let
rubber
in-
sulators
fall
off
as
cover
is
removed
(arrows)
.

4
.
On
6-cylinder
engines,
disconnect
the
harness
connec-
tors
from
the
ignítion
coils
by
lifting
the
retaining
clip
.

Remove
the
coil
mounting
nuts
andremove
the
six
coils
.
See
Fig
.
9
.
Remove
the
sparkplugs
.
"
Failure
to
remove
the
main
relay
or
attempting
to
disable
the
ignítion
system
by
other
methods
may
resultin
damage
to
the
engine
control
module
.



NOTE-

Used
sparkplugs
should
be
reinstalled
in
the
same
cyl-

2
.
On
4-cylinder
engine
:
Remove
plastic
engine
cover
from



inder
fromwhich
they
were
removed
.

top
of
cylinder
head
.
Disconnect
spark
plug
wires
and
re-
move
spark
plugs
.
See
Fig
.
7
.



5
.
Insta¡¡
the
compression
gauge
in
the
first
cylinder's

3
.
On
6-cylinder
engine
:
Remove
top
engine
coverby
pry-



spark
plug
hole,
tight
enough
to
form
a
good
seal
.

ing
off
nut
covers
and
removing
mounting
nuts
.
See
Fig
.
8
.

MECHANICAL
TROUBLESHOOTING

100-8
ENGINE-GENERAL

Symptom



1



Probable
cause
and
correctiveaction

1
.
Engine
will
not
start
or
run
.
Starter
cranks



a
.



No
fuel
reaching
engine
.
Check
forfuelin
tank
.

engine
at
normal
speed
.



Fuel
pump
notoperating
.
Repair
Group
160

b
.
No
spark
.
Check
ignition
system
.
Repair
Group
120

c
.
Incorrect
valve
timing
.
Check
timing
chain
.
Repair
Group
117

2
.
Check
Engine
warning
light
illuminated
.



a
.
DME
engine
management
system
self-diagnostic
fault
detected
.
Sea
an
authorized
BMW
dealer
or
other
qualified
shop
for
OBD
II
fault
code
diagnosis
.
See
also
On-
board
Diagnostics(OBD),
given
later
inthis
repair
group
.

3
.
White
exhaust
smoke
(steam)
.



a
.
Failed
cylinder
head
gasket
(probably
accompanied
bylowcompression
readings)
.

Replace
gasket
and
resurface
cylinder
head
if
necessary
.
Repair
Group
113
4
.
Blue-gray
exhaust
smoke
and
oily
spark



a
.
Contaminated
or
gasoline-diluted
engine
oil
.
Change
engine
oil
and
replace
oil
filter
.
plugs
.
Indicates
oii
burning
in
combustion
.



Repair
Group
020

b
.
Faulty
valve
guide
seals
or
valve
guides
.
Replace
valve
guide
oil
seals
or
overhaul
cylinder
head
.
Repair
Group
116

5
.
Pinging
or
rattling
when
under
load,



a
.
Ignition
timing
too
advanced
.
Ignition
knocksensors
faulty
(CheckEngine
light
traveling
uphill,
or
accelerating,
especially



illuminated)
.
Repair
Group
120fromlow
speeds
.
Indicates
pre-ignition
or



b
.
Fuel
octane
leve¡
toolow
.
detonation
.



c
.
Engine
running
too
hot
or
overheating
.
Check
cooling
system
.
Repair
Group
170

6
.
Light
metallic
tapping
that
varies
directly
with
engine
speed
.
Oil
pressure
warning
light
not
illuminated
.

7
.
Light
metallic
knock
that
varies
directly
with
enginespeed
.
Oil
pressure
warning
light
blinking
or
fully
illuminated
;
may
be
most
noticeable
during
hard
stops
or
cornering
.

8
.
Screeching
or
squealing
under
load
that



a
.
Loose,worn,
or
damaged
drive
belt
.
Inspect
belt(s)
.
Repair
Group
020
goesaway
when
coasting
.

9
.
Growling
or
rumbling
that
varieswith
engine



a
.
Remove
drive
belt(s)toidentifyfaulty
component
.
Check
for
play,
bearing
roughness,
rpm
.
Indicates
abad
bearing
or
bushing
in



and
loose
mountings
.
Refer
to
appropriate
repair
group
for
repair
procedures
.
an
engine-driven
accessory
.

DRIVEABILITY
TROUBLESHOOTING



On-Board
Diagnostics
(OBD)

On-Board
Diagnostics
is
incorporated
into
al¡
engine
man-



Two
generations
of
OBD
are
usedon
thecars
covered
by
agement
systems
used
on
the
cars
covered
by
this
manual
.



this
manual
:
Therefore,
checking
for
fault
codes
should
be
the
first
step
in
troubleshootinga
driveability
problem
.
For
additional
informa-



On-Board
Diagnostics
tion
on
engine
management
and
repair
see130
Fuel
Injec-
tion
.



"
1992-1995models
....
.
..
....
.
..
.......
OBD
I

"
1996-1998models
.
....
..
.
.
.
..
.
........
OBD
II

DRIVEABILITY
TROUBLESHOOTING

Tablec
.
Engine
Mechanical
Troubleshooting

b
.
Warped
or
cracked
cylinder
head
.
Resurface
or
replace
cylinder
head
.
Repair
Group
113

c
.
Cracked
cylinder
block
.
Replace
engine
or
short
block
.

c
.
Worn
piston
rings
.
Overhaul
or
replace
engine
.

d
.
Failed
cylinder
head
gasket
.
Replace
gasket
.
Repair
Group
113

d
.
Air/fuel
mixture
too
lean
(Check
Engine
light
illuminated)
.
Repair
Group
130

a
.
Valveclearances
excessive
.
Check
hydraulic
valve
adjusters
.
Repair
Group
116

b
.
Low
oil
pressure
orpossibly
defective
warning
light
circuit
.
Check
oil
pressure
andwarning
light
circuit
.
Repair
Group
119
c
.
Dirty
oil
.
Change
oil
.
Repair
Group
020
.

a
.
Low
oil
leve¡
.
Check
and
correct
oil
leve¡
.

b
.
Low
oil
pressure/worn
or
faulty
oil
pump
.
Oil
pump
pickup
restricted/clogged
.
Check
oil
pressure
.
Repair
Group
119

The
OBD
system
detects
emissions-related
engine
manage-
ment
malfunctions
and
tucos
on
the
Check
Engíne
lightin
the
in-
strument
cluster
.
TheCheck
Engine
light
will
stay
on
until
the
code(s)are
called
up
and
the
memory
is
erased
.
When
faulty
are
detected,
the
OBD
system
stores
a
Diagnostic
Trouble
Code
(DTC)
in
the
system
ECM
.
In
addition,
the
Check
Engine
warn-
ing
light
will
come
on
if
an
emissions-related
fault
is
detected
.

Cooling
System
Pressure
Test



If
the
engine
overheats
and
no
other
cooling
system
testsindicate
trouble,
the
radiator
may
have
some
pluggedpassag-

A
cooling
system
pressure
test
is
used
to
check
for
internal



es
that
are
restricting
coolant
flow
.

leaks
.
Some
of
the
common
sources
ofinternal
leaks
are
a
faulty
cylinder
head
gasket,
a
cracked
cylinder
head,
or
a



Temperature
Gauge
Quick
Check
cracked
cylinder
block
.

The
coolant
temperature
sensor
is
located
on
the
intake
To
doa
cooling
system
pressure
test,
a
special
pressure



manifold
(left)
side
of
the
cylinder
head,
under
the
intake
man-
tester
is
needed
.



ifold
runners
.
See
Fig
.
2
.

WARNING
-

At
normal
operating
temperature
-
the
cooling
sys-
tem
is
pressurized
.
Allow
the
system
to
cool
before
opening
.
Release
the
cap
slowly
to
allow
sale
re-
tease
of
pressure
.

With
the
engine
cold,instan
a
pressure
tester
to
the
expan-

sion
tank
.
Pressurize
thesystem
to
the
specification
listed
be-

low
.
Pressure
should
not
drop
more
than
0
.1
bar
(1
.45
psi)
for

at
leakt
two
minutes
.
If
the
pressure
drops
rapidly
and
there
is
no
sign
of
an
externa¡
leak,
the
cylinder
head
gasket
may
be
faulty
.
Considera
compression
test
as
described
in
100
En-

gine-General
.

The
screw-on
type
expansion
tank
cap
should
also
be
test-

ed
using
a
pressure
tester
and
the
correct
adapter
.

Cooling
System
Test
Pressure

"
Radiator
test
pressure
.........
.
1
.5
bar
(21
.75
psi)

"
Radiator
cap
test
pressure
..
.
........
2
bar
(29
psi)

CA
UTION-

Exceeding
the
speclfied
test
pressure
could
dam-
age
the
radiatoror
other
system
components
.

Carefully
inspect
the
radiator
cap
for
damage
.
Replace
a

faulty
cap
or
a
damaged
cap
gasket
.

Thermostat
Quick
Check



In
later
models,
the
ECT
sensor
and
the
gauge
sender
are
combined
into
one
sender
unit
.
For
wire
colors
refer
to
Table
a
.
To
check
if
the
thermostat
is
opening
and
coolant
is
circulat-

ing
through
the
radiator,
allow
a
cold
engine
to
reach
operat-

ing
temperature
(temperature
gauge
needieapproximately

centered)
.
Shut
off
engine
.
Feel
the
top
radiator
hose
.
If
the

hose
is
hot
to
the
touch,
the
coolant
is
probably
circulating
cor-
rectly
.
If
there
are
any
cool
areas
in
the
hose
or
radiator,
cool-

ant
flow
to
the
radiator
is
probably
restricted
.
Check
for
a
faulty

thermostat
or
aplugged
radiator
.

NOTE-

A
thermostat
that
is
stuck
open
will
cause
the
engine
to
warmup
slowly
and
run
belownormal
temperature
at
highway
speed
.
A
thermostat
that
is
stuck
closed
will
re-

strict
coolant
flow
to
the
radiator
and
cause
overheating
.

RADIATOR
AND
COOLING
SYSTEM



170-
3

U
.¡ig
.v

Fig
.
2
.
Temperature
gauge
sender
on
M44
engine
.
Temperature
gauge
sender
location
is
similar
on
al]
engines
.

In
early
models,
the
engine
coolant
temperature
(ECT)
sen-

sor
for
the
fuel
injection
and
the
coolant
temperature
gauge

sender
are
located
side
by
side
.

Table
a
.
Coolant
Temperature
Sensor
Wire
Colors

Function



Sensor



Terminal



Wire
colors
location
number

Two
sensors
:
Temperature
Rear
1
Brown/violet
gauge
sender



2



Brown/yellow
ECT
sensor



Front



1



Brown/red
2



Brown
or
Brown/black

One
sensor
:
Temperature
Dual
1
Brown/yellow
gauge
sender



sensor



2



Brown/violet
ECT
sensor



3



Brown/red
4
Brown/black
or
Grey/black

TROUBLESHOOTING

ELECTRICAL
WIRING
DIAGRAMSELE-43

r----------_-__--,LEFT



r---__-------~_--,FIGHT
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IGHT
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SUPPO
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LIGHT



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DOOR)

84322

1
G312

_
LEFT



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LEFT
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BACK-UP



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BRAKE
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G203

Ground
Distribution

1994-95
Except
318ti
(4
of
5)

'
RIGHT



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RIGHT
(



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BACK-UP



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,,
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---



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TRANS-CEIVER
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,
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RIGHT



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CONVERTIBLE



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_
LEFT



_
LEFT



_
HIGH



SUPPRESSION
(



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LICENSE



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LICENSE



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TOPSTORAGE



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(
REAR



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REAR



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SEAT



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SEATBAIK



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LEVEL



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FILTER
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LID
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FUNCTION



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CLOCK



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THEFT



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__
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MICRO



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,
RIGHT
-(
(1996)



I



(
__



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_I__



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(
SWATCH
SWITCH

31'
17Y

LUGGAGE
COMPARTMENT
TELEPHONECONNECTOR
(1997)

DRIVERS



1



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1
FUEL
I



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I



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f
____
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m
I
ALL
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LEFT



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REAR
I



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TOP



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REAR



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(CONTROL
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(INTERIOR
I
(BLOWER
-
I
MODULE_



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I
LIGHT



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1



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RIGHT



LEFT



-
LEFT

I



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FILTER



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REAR



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TAIL



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TAIL
I



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REAR



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WINDOW



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(
INTERIOR



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BLOWER



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I
LIGHT



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-



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1



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_
(
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2



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I



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REAR



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DRIGHT



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G312



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ENGINE



TRANSMISSION
I



(
FUNCTION



I



I
FOGLIGHT



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I



I



FINAL



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LOWER
I



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CLOCK



I



(
CLEANING



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INDICATOR



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1996)
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MODULE
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CONTROL



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SOCKET



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MODULE



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1996



PUMP

1997
W/IHKA



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ALL1996
_-__41,
_
-F_---_-0-9-_----f--f----0--0_----_f-f--_----___-----

I



-
(
(1997)



I



-(
(1997)



I



_
I

AS
C



FRONT
I



I
SWITCH



I



I
CIGAR
I



I



I



I
LIGHTER
I
_I



_I
I
_I

Ground
Distribution

1996-97
Except
318ti
(5
of
5)

-
LEFT
LICENSE
-
LIGHT

ELECTRICAL
WIRING
DIAGRAMS
ELE-49

I



DRIVERS



LEFT
PASSENGERS



I
OHANGER
I
ISEATBACK



HIGH
TRUNK
I



(
DOOR



I



(
(1997)



I



(
HEATER



I



I



LIGHT
I
i



I



I
I



II



I



LEVEL
JAMB



ASSEMBLY
I



SWITCH



I



I
LIGHT

WIPER/



WIPER/



PROGRAM
I



(
WASHER



I



(
WASHER



I



(
SWITCH
I



(
SWITCH



I



(
MODULE



I



I
(W/EGS)

-
FIGHT
"'
RIGHT



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REARTURN



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I



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DRIVERS



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I



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I



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\
(1996)



i



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RIGHT



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T
A
IL



I

\
FRONT



-,
FRONT
LGGAF
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I
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LIGHT

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REAR



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CASSETTE
_



LIGHT
RAY



6
GHT
Y



Y
(1997)

mI
SRN
1
G203

69073

-
RIGHT



RIGHT
BACK-UP



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)
BRAKE
LIGHT



-
LIGHT

L_-~
-
___________J

r

-
Y

I



(



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REAR



(



)
REAR
I
-
TURN



FOG
I
LIGHTLIGHT
I

ELE-56
ELECTRICAL
WIRING
DIAGRAMS

ANTI-



PASSENGER'S
SEAT
THEFT



SEAT
OCCUPANCY
CONTROL



BELT
DETECTOR
MODULE



SWITCH

84320

RIGHT
DRIVER'S



DRIVER'S



REAR



DRIVER'S
SEAT



DRIVER'S



LEFT



RIGHT



CENTRAL



LEFT



RIGHT
DOOR
SEAT-



DRIVER'S
BRAKE



LUMBAR



SEAT



TRUNKTRUNK
LOCKINGLICENSE
LICENSE
TRUNK
JAMB



BACK



FUEL



SEAT



PAD



SUPORT



CONTROL
TELEPHONE



LIGHT



LIGHT



SWITCH
PLATEPLATE
LIGHT
SUPPRESSION
SWITCH
HEATER
PUMP
HEATER
SENSOR
MOTOR/VALVE
SWITCH
TRANSCEIVER
ASSEMBLY
ASSEMBLY
(1995)
LIGHT
LIGHT
SWITCH
FILTER
F
-
1
--,
1
-
7
I
_-
I
F
-
F
-,



1
-
7F
-
F
-
F
-
I
--,
1
--,
1
-
7
I



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L
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-I



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-I



L
-I



!
_I



L
-I



L
-I

(NOT
USED)

1
G404

1
G103
(1998)

Ground
Distribution

1995-96
318ti
(3
of
3)

Z
G404

CRANKSHAFT
HALL
ENGINE
TRANSMISSION



POSITION



EFFECT



CONTROL



HOTFILM



CYLINDER
1



CYLINDER2



CYLINDER
3



CYLINDER4
ENGINECONTROL



CONTROL



SENSOR



CAMSHAFT



MODULE



AIR
MASS



IGNITION



IGNITION



IGNITION



IGNITION
MODULE(DME)



MODULE(EGS)



-
j
SHIELD



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,~



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METER
COILCOIL
COILCOIL
----
r



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-
I
I
i
I



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IGNITION
I



I



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DATA



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I
COIL



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I
IIII
I,
SHIELDL



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SHIELD
SENSOR



I
I



I
III
I
III
I
II
I
__



_Y
_TY



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mY
Y
~Y



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<___



_
~-



1"



=(



Y



T



Y



Y

1
G131
(1996)

RIGHT
DRIVER'S
DRIVER'S



REAR



HIGH



REAR
LEFT



RIGHT



LEFT
RIGHT
DOOR
SEAT-



DRIVER'S
BRAKE



LEVEL



CENTERTRUNK
TRUNK
CENTRAL
LICENSELICENSE
TRUNK
JAMB



BACK



FUEL



SEAT



PAD



CD



STOP
TELEPHONE
INTERIOR
LIGHT



LIGHT
LOCKING
PLATEPLATE



LIGHT
SUPPRESSION
REAR
SWITCHHEATER
PUMP
HEATER
SENSOR
CHANGER
LIGHT
CONNECTOR
LIGHT
ASSEMBLYASSEMBLY
SWITCH
LIGHTLIGHT
SWITCH
FILTER
DEFOGGER

I
--,



I



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F-
I



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_-
I



1
-
7



1
-
7



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,



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I



I



I



I



I



I



I



I



I



I



I



I



I



I



I



I



I



I



I



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!
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Y
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Y
Y
Y
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r
Y
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ANTI-



PASSENGER'SPASSENGER'S
DRIVER'S



DRIVER'S



ASS



LEFT



RIGHT
SEAT



THEFT



SIDE



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SEAT



SIDE



A
BS



SLIP



PUMP



FRONT



FRONT



ASSOCCUPANCY
CONTROL



IMPACT
I
BELT



BELT



IMPACT



HYDRAULIC
CONTROL



MOTOR



SPEED



SPEED



CONTROL
DETECTOR
MODULESENSOR
SWITCH
SWITCH
SENSOR



UNIT
MODULE
RELAY
SENSOR
SENSORMODULE

F
-,



I



I



I



I



F
-
I



F-
I



F
-
II



I



I



I



I



I



1



I



I



I



I



II
_I

Y
=1
-T-T
Y
=f

ELECTRICAL
WIRING
DIAGRAMS
ELE-59

Ground
Distribution

1997
318ti
(3of
3)

IIII
F
-,
F
-,
F
-,
I
II



I



I



I



I



I



I



I



I



I



I



I