1987 NISSAN PULSAR alternator

48 Engine

TO INSTAL
(1) Check that the camshaft and crankshaft
timing gears have not been moved and that the timing
marks are still aligned. It will be necessary to tempo-
rarily install the crankshaft pulley to check that the
timing marks are still aligned. (2) Install the drive belt to the crankshaft timing
gear around the water pump gear and onto the
camshaft timing gear.
NOTE: If the original drive belt is being
installed, ensure that the arrow marked on
the belt prior to removal is pointing in the
direction of rotation.

(3) Use the adjusting tool to turn the water
pump assembly sufficiently to engage the water pump
pulley with the drive belt. (4) Install the inner cover lower retaining bolt.
(5) Ensure that the drive be lt is correctly meshed
with the teeth of the camshaft, crankshaft and water
pump gears. Install the crankshaft pulley and tighten
the bolts to Specifications. (6) Adjust the drive belt as described under the
following heading.
(7) Install the drive belt outer cover and fasten
the retaining clips. (8) Install and adjust the alternator and if
equipped, the power steeri ng and air conditioning
drive belts as desc ribed in the Engine Tune-up section.
TO ADJUST

(1) Remove the alternator drive belt and if
equipped, the power steering and air conditioning
drive belts. (2) Release the clips securing the camshaft drive
belt outer cover to the inner cover and remove the
outer cover. (3) Turn the engine in the direction of rotation
until the timing marks on the camshaft and the inner
cover are aligned. (4) Loosen the water pump retaining bolts and
using the adjusting tool, rotate the water pump
housing to gain the required belt tension. The belt is
correctly tensioned when it can be grasped between
the thumb and forefinger midway between the cam-
shaft timing gear and the water pump gear and turned
ninety degrees from i t s operating position.
After the belt has been tensioned, tighten the
water pump retaining bolts to the specified torque.

NOTE: Over tensioning of the drive belt will
result in noisy operation and premature
wear of the belt.

(6) Install the outer drive belt cover.
(7) Install and adjust the alternator, and if
equipped, the power steering and air conditioning
drive belts as desc ribed in the Engine Tune-up section. 6. CAMSHAFT. ROCKER ARMS AND TAPPETS

Special Equipment Required:
To Check Camshaft — Dial gauge, Vee blocks and
micrometers
To Install — Drive belt adjusting tool
It is recommended that a new cylinder head
gasket is installed and the cylinder head bolts renewed
when the camshaft housing is removed.

TO REMOVE
(1) Disconnect the negative battery terminal.
Remove the nuts securing the earth wires to the
cylinder head bolts and remove the earth wires.
(2) On 1.6 liter models, remove the air cleaner
wingnuts and withdraw the air cleaner.
(3) Disconnect the engine breather hoses from
the camshaft housing and the camshaft housing top
cover. (4) Remove the camshaft housing top cover
retaining bolts and remove the top cover. Discard the
gasket.
(5) Remove the camshaft dr ive belt as described
under the previous heading. (6) Using an open ended spanner, hold the
camshaft between the inle t and exhaust lobes of
number four cylinder and remove the camshaft timing
gear retaining bolt and the camshaft timing gear.
(7) Remove the distributor, distributor cap and
high tension leads. If necessary refer to the Fuel and
Engine Management section. (8) Check the camshaft end float before remov-
ing the camshaft from the engine. Mount a dial gauge
to the cylinder block with the plunger bearing on the
distributor drive end of the camshaft. (9) Lever the camshaft towards the dial gauge
and zero the gauge. Move the camshaft in the opposite
direction away from the dial gauge and note the
reading obtained. Check this measurement against
Specifications.

Checking the camshaft end float.

50 Engine
(4) Ensure that the tappet assemblies are full of
clean engine oil and insert the tappets in their
respective bores in the cylinde r head. Install the thrust
pads to the top of each valve assembly ensuring that
they are returned to their original location.
(5) Coat the contact surfaces of the rocker arms
with molybdenum disulphide grease and install the
rocker arms to their origin al locations on the cylinder
head. (6) Clean the mating surfaces of the camshaft
housing and cylinder head. Apply a bead of Loctite
515 to the cylinder head and camshaft housing mating
surfaces. Take care that no sea lant is forced into the
oil passages and install the camshaft housing to the
cylinder head.
(7) Install new cylinder head bolts and lubricate
the bolts and washers with oil.
(8) Apply an initial torque to the cylinder head
bolts of 25 Nm in the corr ect sequence as shown in
the illustration under the Cylinder Head heading.
Further tighten the head bolts in the correct sequence,
in three separate 60 degree stages. Refer to Specifica-
tions. (9) Install the bolts securing the camshaft
drive
belt inner cover to the camshaft housing. (10) Install the camshaft timing gear to the cam-
shaft ensuring that it is correctly located. Tighten the
camshaft timing gear retain ing boll to the specified
torque. (11) Install and adjust the camshaft drive belt as
described under the previous heading. (12) Install the distributor. Refer to the Fuel and
Engine Management section.
(13) Connect the lower radiat or hose and fill the
cooling system with the required coolant. Refer to the
Cooling and Heating Systems section if necessary. (14) Start and run the engine until normal oper-
ating temperature is attained and tighten the cylinder
head bolts another 30-50 degrees in the correct
sequence, ensuring that the tension does not exceed
135 Nm.
TO RENEW CAMSHAFT OIL SEAL,
CAMSHAFT INSTALLED

(1) Remove the camshaft drive belt from the
camshaft timing gear as described under the previous
heading.
(2) Remove the camshaft housing top cover
retaining bolts, remove the cover and discard the
gasket.
(3) Use an open end spanner to hold the cam-
shaft between the inlet and exhaust lobes of number
four cylinder and remove the camshaft timing gear
retaining bolt and the camshaft timing gear. (4) With a pointed drift, tap a small hole in the
front face of the oil seal. Insert a self tapping screw in
the hole and using a pair of pliers, pull on the screw
to remove the oil seal from the housing.
(5) Clean the seal recess and the camshaft sea!
running surface. (6) Lubricate the lip of a new oil seal with engine
oil and slide the seal over the camshaft. Ensure that
the lip of the seal faces to wards the inside of the
camshaft housing. Tap evenly around the edges of the
seal until it is fully seated in the camshaft housing.
(7) Install the camshaft timing gear to the cam-
shaft, ensuring that it is co rrectly located. Tighten the
camshaft timing gear retain ing bolt to the specified
torque. Do not allow the camshaft to rotate while
tightening the bolt. (8) Install and adjust the drive belt as described
under the previous heading. Ensure that the timing
marks are aligned. (9) Install the camshaft hou sing top cover using a
new gasket. Tighten the retaining bolts to the specified
torque.
7. CYLINDER HEAD

Special Equipment Required:
To Dismantle and Assemble — Valve spring com-
pressor

To Inspect — Dial gauge and straight edge
To Install — Drive belt adjusting tool

TO REMOVE AND INSTAL
NOTE: Due to the high residua! pressure
within the fuel system, it will be necessary to
depressurize the system before removing any
fuel supply components. Refer to the Fuel
and Engine Management section for the
correct procedure.

Allow the engine to cool prior to the
removal of the cylinder head to prevent
possible distortion of the cylinder head.

(1) Disconnect the negative battery terminal and
remove the nuts securing the earth wires to the
cylinder head bolts.
(2) Remove the camshaft drive belt as previ-
ously described.
(3) Disconnect the lower radiator hose and drain
the cooling system. Refer to the Cooling and Heating
Systems section if necessary. (4) Remove the alternator adjusting bracket
mounting bolt and insulating washers from the inlet
manifold. Loosen the adjusting bolt at the alternator
and slide the bracket away from the cylinder head. (5) Disconnect the upper radiator hose, coolant
by-pass hose and the heater hose from the thermostat
housing and on 1.6 liter m odels, the coolant hoses
from the inlet manifold. (6) Disconnect the electrica l connectors from the
throttle body, fuel injectors, coil, distributor and on
1.8 liter models, the MAT sensor. (7) Disconnect the oxygen sensor wiring connec-
tor and remove the wiring connectors from the

Fuel and Engine Management 89
The procedure for fabricating an LED test lamp is
fully described in the El ectrical System section.

If a conventional test lamp with a filament type
bulb is to be used, ensure that the current draw of the
test lamp does not exceed 0.3 amp to avoid damage to
the electronic components.

To check the current draw connect an accurate
ammeter, such as the multimeter described previ-
ously, in series with the test lamp and a battery.

If the ammeter reads less than 0.3 amp the test
lamp is suitable.

Tachometer
(1) Disconnect the resistor from the tachometer
pick-up wiring connector which is located on the
ignition coil wiring harness, and connect the positive
lead of an accurate tachometer to the brown wire
terminal in the wiring connector. (2) Connect the negative lead to a good earthing
point.

View showing the location of the tachometer pickup
wiring connector with the resistor installed.
Timing Light
(1) Connect the timing light to the engine fol-
lowing the instrument manufacturers instructions.

NOTE: Do not connect or disconnect the
timing light with the engine running as
voltage surges could damage the alternator
or control unit. Do not allow the high
tension leads to open circuit with the engine
running as damage to the engine manage-
ment system could result.

(2) Do not connect the timing light positive lead
to the alternator output terminal. Where possible,
connect the power leads of the timing light to an
external power source to prevent possible transient
voltages damaging the alternator or control unit.

4. SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS AND ADJUSTMENTS
NOTE: Due to the use of complex electronic
components in the engine management sys-

tem, the diagnosis and testing procedures
described in this section should not be
carried out by persons lacking an under-
standing of electronics and the precautions
associated with the servicing of electronic
components. It is rec ommended that should
a fault arise in the system, the vehicle be
referred to an authorized workshop.

The control unit can be damaged by
component faults not indicated by the self
diagnosis codes and the renewal of the
control unit without lo cating the cause of
the failure will result in the failure of the
replacement unit. It is for this reason that
the practice of substituting components to
isolate faults is not recommended.

Prior to performing any of the follow-
ing operations, refer to the Service Pre-
cautions and Procedures heading.

PRELIMINARY CHECKS
Prior to performing the Self Diagnosis Test Pro-
cedures, perform the following preliminary checks and
rectify any problems as necessary.

(1) Check for an adequate supply of fuel in the
fuel tank. (2) Check the wiring connectors and earth points
of all engine management components for clean,
secure connections. To prevent damage to the control
unit, disconnect the negative battery terminal before
disconnecting any engine ma nagement wiring connec-
tors. (3) Check the condition of the battery. Refer to
the Electrical System sectio n for checking procedures.
Rectify any faults as necessary. (4) Check the air cleaner element for restriction.
(5) Check for air leaks at the throttle body, inlet
manifold and all related hoses. (6) Check the fuel pump pr essure as described
later in this section. (7) Ensure that the engine is in a satisfactory
mechanical condition and is in tune. Refer to the
Engine and Engine Tune-up sections as necessary.
SELF DIAGNOSIS

This function is very useful in locating system
faults particularly intermittent problems. However,
the self diagnosis mode does not provide comprehen-
sive testing of the engine management system, and
therefore should always be used in conjunction with
the other test procedures described later, in order to
accurately locate system faults.

To Interpret Self Diagnosis Codes
Once the self diagnosis mode is activated, various
fault codes will be displayed as a series of flashes by
the ECM warning lamp on the instrument cluster.

Fuel and Engine Management 101


Location of the idle air control (IAC) valve. Inset shows the terminal identification.
(b) Check for a binding throttle cable, throttle
shaft or throttle position sensor. (c) Check the coolant temperature sensor resis-
tance as described later in this section. (d) Ensure that the battery terminals and the
engine earth terminals are clean and secure.
(e) Check the operation of the Park/Neutral
switch and the transaxle as described in the Automatic
Transaxle section under the Neutral Safety Switch
heading. (f) Check the spark plug gaps as described in the
Engine Tune-up section.
(g) Check the base idle speed adjustment.
(h) Check the fuel pressure and check the system
for leaks as described previously.

(I) Check the alternator voltage output as de-
scribed in the Electrical System section to ensure that
it is between 9-17 volts.

(j) Remove the IAC valve and check the bore in
the throttle body for dirt or damage.

(7) Stop the engine, switch the ignition On and
connect a jumper lead between terminals A and B on
the diagnostic link connector. (8) Disconnect the wiring connector from the
IAC valve.
(9) Check for voltage at each of the terminals on
the IAC valve wiring connector using a test lamp. If the test lamp flashes at each terminal, correct
operation of the wiring and control unit is indicated.
check for faulty IAC valve terminals. If no fault is
found renew the IAC valve.

If the test lamp is a steady light at one or more
terminals, proceed to operation (10).

If the test lamp does not flash at one or more of
the terminals proceed as follows:

(a) Check the circuit with no voltage for shorts
and for continuity between the IAC valve and the
control unit. Repair or renew the wiring harness as
necessary.
(b) Measure the resistance across the IAC valve
terminals A and B, and across terminals C and D. The resistance should be more than 30 ohms.

If the resistance is not as specified, renew the IAC
valve.

If the resistance is as specified, check for faulty
wiring connector terminals on the IAC valve and the
control unit. If no fault is found, renew the control
unit

(10) Switch the ignition Oft' and disconnect the
control unit wiring connectors. (11) Switch the ignition On and check the IAC
connector with the test lamp again. If the light is stilt
steady on one or more terminals there is a short
circuit to voltage in the wiring harness. Repair or
renew as necessary. (12) If the light is not on, check for faulty IAC
valve terminals. If no fault is found renew the IAC
valve.
To Remove and Install

(1) Disconnect the negative battery terminal.
(2) On 1.6 liter engines, remove the air cleaner
assembly as previously described. (3) Disconnect the wiring connector from the
IAC valve. (4) Remove the IAC valve retaining screws and
withdraw the IAC valve and O ring.

View of the IAC valve removed from the throttle body
assembly. 1.6 liter engine.
(5) Clean the IAC sealing surfaces to ensure
proper operation.

Installation is a reversal of the removal procedure
with attention to the following points:

(1) When installing a new IAC valve ensure that
the part number is correct as the valve is not
interchangeable between the 1.8 and 1.6 liter engines.
(2) Measure the length of the pintle extension as
shown in the illustration. If necessary push the pintle
in by exerting firm thum b pressure with a slight
rocking motion.
NOTE: Installing (he IAC valve with the
pintle protruding too far can damage the
valve.

190
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
CAUTION: To prevent severe electrical shock extreme care must be taken when
working on or near the electronic ignition system as dangerous high tension voltages
are produced in both the primary and secondary circuits. See the text fo\
r
precautionary notes.

SPECIFICATIONS
BATTERY
Type ..................................................12 volt lead acid
Polarity to earth .................................... Negative ( - )
Specific gravity:
Fully charged ................................... A bove 1.250
Fully discharged ................................Below 1.130
ALTERNATOR
Make .................................................Bosch or Hitachi
Maximum output .......................................... 70 amps
Polarity to earth .................................... Negative ( - )
Stator windings ......................................... Star wound
Regulator type ................................................ Integral
Brush length minimum:
Bosch ........................................................ 5.0 mm
Hitachi ............................. 6.0 mm or limit mark
STARTER MOTOR
Make .................................................Hitach i or Bosch
Type ............................ 4 pole 4 brush reduction gear
Operation control.................................. Solenoid and
overrunning clutch
Undercut of commutator (maximum):
Hitachi ...................................................... 0.8 mm
Brush length (minimum):
Bosch ........................................................ 8.0 mm
Hitachi ........................................................11 mm
Brush spring tension;
Hitachi ............................................... 15.7-19.6 N
Hitachi:
Drive pinion stopper clearance ........ 0.3-1.5 mm
Selective fit adjuster plates ........ 0.5 and 0.8 mm
IGNITION SYSTEM
The ignition system is an integral part of the
engine management system. The Specifications, testing
and overhaul procedures are fully covered in the Fuel
and Engine Management section.

TORQUE WRENCH SETTINGS
Alternator pulley retaining nut:
Bosch ......................................................... 50 Nm
Hitachi ....................................................... 59 Nm
1. BATTERY AND CHARGING SYSTEM
TROUBLE SHOOTING

BATTERY UNDERCHARGED
3. Loose or broken drive belt: Adjust or renew
the drive belt. 4. Faulty alternator regulator; Renew the regu-
lator unit.
5. Faulty battery: Install a new battery of
the
recommended type and capacity. 6. Faulty alternator: Overhaul or renew the
alternator. 7. Fault in the charging circuit wiring: Check
and repair or renew the wiring harness. 8. Faulty connections in the charging circuit:
Check and repair the connections. 9. Fusible link blown; Rectify the fault and
renew as necessary.
NOTE: Check the state of charge (specific
gravity) of the battery- as described under
the
Battery heading in this section. If the battery
is undercharged, check the possible causes in
the order given.

BATTERY OVERCHARGED
• Faulty alternator regulator unit:
Renew the
regulator unit.
• Faulty alternator: Overhaul or
renew the
alternator. • Faulty charging circuit wiring or
connec-
tions: Check and renew or repair the faulty
compo-
nents.
NOTE: An overcharged battery is indicated
by continual loss of water through boiling.

Electrical System 191
This is usually accompanied by discoloura-
tion of the electrolyte.

CHARGE INDICATOR LAMP REMAINS ON
• Loose or broken alternator drive belt: Adjust
or renew the drive belt.
• Faulty regulator unit: Check and renew the
regulator unit. • Faulty alternator: Check and overhaul the
alternator. • Short to earth in the warning lamp circuit:
Check and repair the circuit.

Checking the alternator drive belt for deterioration.
CHARGE INDICATOR LAMP DOES NOT
OPERATE

• Lamp bulb blown: Check and renew the
faulty bulb. • Open circuit in the wi ring or bulb socket:
Check and rectify the open circuit. • Faulty alternator diode: Overhaul the alter-
nator.
NOISE IN DRIVE BELT OR ALTERNATOR

(1) Drive belt frayed or out of alignment with
the pulleys: Renew the drive bell or align the pulleys.

• Loose alternator moun ting bolts or worn
bearings: Tighten the mounting bolts or renew the
bearings. • Loose alternator pulley: Tighten the pulley
retaining nut.
• Faulty alternator: Overhaul or renew the
alternator. • Faulty diodes in the alternator: Overhaul the
alternator, install a new heat sink.
NOTE: To check if the noise is in the
alternator or drive belt, loosen the alternator
and remove the drive belt. If the noise is
gone when the engine is run for a short time
check the serviceability of the belt and
alternator components.

2. BATTERY AND STARTING SYSTEM TROUBLE SHOOTING

STARTER LACKS POWER TO CRANK ENGINE
(1) Battery undercharged: Check the charging
system and rectify as necessary.


Cleaning the battery terminals using a battery post
cleaner.
• Battery faulty, will not hold charge: Check
and renew the battery. • Battery leads or terminals loose or corroded:
Clean and tighten the leads or terminals.
• Faulty starter motor: Check and overhaul the
starter motor. • Faulty starter solenoid switch or contacts:
Check and renew the solenoid as necessary.
STARTER WILL NOT ATTEMPT TO CRANK
ENGINE

(1 ) Open circuit in the starting system : Check
for dirty or loose leads or terminals, dirty commuta-
tor, faulty solenoid or faulty switch. On automatic
Spin the alternator pulley over by hand to check the
bearings for noise.

192 Electrical System
transaxle models, check for a faulty or incorrectly
adjusted neutral safety switch.

1. Discharged battery: Check for a fault or short
circuit in the system. 2. Battery fully charged but will not crank
engine. Check for a locked drive and ring gear,
internal starter faul t or seized engine.
3. Fusible link blown: Check and repair the
cause and renew as necessary.
NOTE: Rotate the engine by hand to ensure
that the starter drive is not locked with the
flywheel ring gear and t hat the engine is not
seized. Ensure that the ignition key is
turned off before rotating the engine.

3. LIGHTING SYSTEM TROUBLE SHOOTING
LAMP OR LAMPS FAIL TO LIGHT
1. Faulty bulb(s): Check and renew the faulty
bulb(s). 2. Open circuit in the wiring or connections:
Check the lamp circuits and rectify as necessary.

1. Faulty lamp switch: Check and if necessary
renew the lamp switch. 2. Faulty fuse or fuse connection: Repair the
fuse connection or renew the fuse. 3. Lamp relay faulty: Check and renew as
necessary.
NOTE: Switch on the lamps concerned and
using a test lamp, check that the lamp
circuits are operating. This is best done by
starting at the lamp wiring connector or
bulb holder and work ing back to the power
source.

LAMP OR LAMPS INCORRECTLY
ILLUMINATED

1. Lamp or lamps incorrectly earthed: Check
the lamp earth for loosene ss or clean the contact,
either at the lamp body or wire.
2. Incorrect bulbs installe d: Check the bulb
wattage and voltage and renew with the correct type if
necessary. 3. Dirty or damaged lamp reflector: Clean or
renew the lamp reflector. 4. Faulty bulb: Check with a known serviceable
bulb and renew if necessary. 5. Dirty lamp lens: Clean or renew the lamp
lens. 6. High resistance or faulty connections be-
tween the alternator and battery: Check the circuit
and rectify th e condition.
7. Poor earth connection between the battery
and the engine or alternat or: Check the battery earth
lead and the strap between the engine and the body. 8. Voltage regulator faulty: Check and renew
the voltage regulator.
NOTE: The most common cause for this
condition is dirty t erminals on the earth
leads. Check all earth leads at their earthing
points.

4. TURN SIGNAL LAMP TROUBLE SHOOTING
TURN SIGNAL LAMP DOES NOT LIGHT AND
NO AUDIBLE NOISE FROM FLASHER UNIT

(1) Fuse blown: Rectify the fault and renew the
fuse.

(2) The Flasher unit is faulty: Renew the unit
(3) Turn signal switch faulty: Renew the switch
(4) Fault in the wiring circuit: Check and repair
the fault.

TURN SIGNAL WARNING LAMP DOES NOT
FLASH BUT AUDIBLE CLICKING FROM
FLASHER UNIT

(1) Warning lamp bulb blown: Check and renew
the bulb.

Checking the rear combination lamp circuit using a test
lamp.
Checking the headlamp circuit using a test lamp.

Electrical System 195
(2) Remove the battery holding clamp and lift
the battery from the vehicle.

Installation is a reversal of the removal procedure
with attention to the following points:

Ensure that the terminals and posts are
clean. When connecting the l eads to the battery,
ensure that the polarity is correct. Connect the
positive lead first. Do not over tighten the terminal clamp
nuts.
Apply petroleum jelly to the battery termi-
nals to prevent corrosion.
MAINTENANCE

Battery maintenance should be performed at the
scheduled services.

NOTE: Keep naked flames away from the
battery as the battery gases are highly
explosive.

(1) Keep the battery and the surrounding area
clean and dry. In particular, ensure that the top of the
battery is free from dirt and moisture to prevent a
voltage drop between the terminals.

If necessary, clean the battery case as follows:
Remove the battery from the vehicle as
previously described.
Pour hot water over the battery being careful
not to allow any water to enter the battery through the
filler cap vent holes. Wipe the battery case clean.
Clean the battery terminals and posts using a
battery post cleaner, wire brush or emery cloth.
Remove all dirt and corrosion.
Remove the filler caps and check that the
vent holes are clear. Check the electrolyte le vel and replenish with distilled water as necessary. The correct level is just
above the top of the plates. Do not overfill the battery.
Do not transfer electrolyte from one cell to another.

(5) If the battery electrolyte requires frequent
replenishing, check the batt ery case for cracks. If the
case is damaged, renew the battery.

Check for overcharging by measuring the output
of the alternator as described later in this section.

Apply petroleum jelly to the battery termi-
nals to prevent corrosion. If the electrolyte has overflowed and contam-
inated the battery carrier and surrounding body
panels, proceed as follows:
With the battery removed from the vehicle,
sprinkle bicarbonate of soda over the contaminated
areas.
Pour hot water over the bicarbonate of soda.
The bicarbonate of soda will react with the water and
begin to foam. When the bicarbonate of soda has stopped
foaming, rinse the area with clean water and allow to
dry. Remove any blistered paint from the con-
laminated areas. Paint the contaminated areas with a corro-
sion inhibiting paint.
TO TEST AND CHARGE

(1) Using a hydrometer, test the specific gravity
of the battery electrolyte. Refer to the following chart
which shows charge conditi ons for various specific
gravity readings.

1.110-1.130............................... Fully discharged
1.140-1.160..............................Nearly discharged
1.170-1.190 ........................... Approximately one
quarter charged
1.200-1.220..................................... Half charged
1.230-1.250......................... Approximately three
quarters charged
1.250-1.280..................................... Fully charged

These readings are for electrolyte at a temperature
of 20 deg C. For every 10 deg above 20 deg C, add
0.007. For every 10 deg below 20 deg C, subtract
0.007.

NOTE: An accurate specific gravity reading
cannot be obtained if distilled water has
recently been added to the electrolyte. If the
electrolyte level is below the battery plates,
replenish with distilled water and charge the
battery before testing the specific gravity.

(2) If a low state of charge is indicated, or if the
specific gravity readings vary more than 0.030 be-
tween cells, the battery s hould be 'charged, using a
battery charger, with attention to the following points:

(a) Disconnect the negati ve and positive battery
terminals.
Cleaning the battery terminals using a battery post
cleaner.