1973 OPEL MANTA steering wheel adjustment

STEERING GEAR ASSEMBLY3D. 27
STEERING GEAR ASSEMBLY
CONTENTS
Subject
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION:
Description and Operation of Steering Gear. . . . . . . . . . . .DIAGNOSIS: (Not Applicable)
MAINTENANCE AND ADJUSTMENTS:
AdjustmentofSteeringGear
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .MAJOR REPAIR:
Removal and Installation of Steering Gear
Assembly
andTieRods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Disassembly and Reassembly of Steering Gear
Assembly With Tie Rods
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SPECIFICATIONS:
TighteningSpecifications
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page No.
3D-27
3D-273D-28
3D-303D-33
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATIONDESCRIPTION AND OPERATION OF
STEERING GEAR ASSEMBLYThe Opel 1900
- Manta and GT steering gear is the
rack and pinion type. The steering gear pinion shaft,
connected to the lower end of the steering column,
moves the rack to the left or right thereby transmit-
ting the turning motion of the steering wheel to the
tie rods and steering arms.
The steering gear housing is held to the cross mem-
ber by rubber bushings and clamps. The bushings
serve to prevent driving noises and vibrations from
being transmitted into the passenger compartment.
A pinion shaft is seated in the upper portion of the
steering gear housing and is supported by a needle
bearing in the upper housing, and a bushing in the
lower housing. The pinion is not adjustable.
A rubber “0” ring seal is provided for sealing needle
bearing, and a second “0” ring for sealing pinion
bushing. The rack and pinion shaft are held in mesh
by a thrust spring and shell. See Figure
3D-2.The pressure of the thrust spring may be varied by
means of an adjusting screw. The spring forces the
sintered bronze shell against the rack, which in turn
is held against the pinion shaft. Backlash in the steer-ing gear is avoided, and road shocks are effectively
absorbed.
The rack is seated in the long neck of the steering
gear housing in a self-lubricating sintered metal
bushing. It is laterally guided by the sintered bronze
shell in the adjusting screw opening, and in the short
gear housing neck by the rack guide bushing. See
Figure
3D-3.MAINTENANCE
AND ADJUSTMENTS
ADJUSTMENTS OF STEERING GEAR
Adjustment of Steering GearAdjustment of the steering gear assembly is accom-
plished by turning the adjusting screw in or out. See
Figure
3D-2.Positioning of the adjusting screw exerts a pressure
on the rack, thereby varying the backlash between
the pinion and rack.
1. Set steering gear to high point by positioning front
wheels straight ahead with steering wheel centered.
Flexible coupling bolt hole will be positioned hori-
zontal (or parallel) to the rack.
2. Thread adjusting screw into steering gear housing

3D- 301973 OPEL SERVICE MANUALFigure 3D-8 - Removing Clamp Bolt3. Remove cotter pin located on left and right tie rod
end and unscrew nut.
4. Using Tool J-21687, press tie rod ends out of
steering arms.
5. Disconnect steering gear housing from front sus-
pension cross member and remove steering gear
together with tie rods.
Installation . GTCAUTION: Fasteners are important attaching parts in
that they could affect the performance of vital com-
ponents and systems, and/or could result in major
repair expense. They must be replaced
with one of
the same part number or with an equivalent part if
replacement becomes necessary. Do not
use a re-
placement part of lesser quality or substitute design.
Torque values must be used as specified during reas-
sembly to assure proper retention of these parts.
1. Position steering gear on front suspension cross
member and torque attaching bolts to 18
lb.ft.2. Position tie rod ball studs in steering arms; install
nuts and torque to 29 lb.ft. Lock in position with new
cotter pins.
3. Fully turn steering wheel so that flat or cutout
surface on lower portion of steering shaft is parallel
to flexible coupling bolt hole.
4. Install the lower end of steering shaft to the flexi-
ble coupling and adjust dimension between steering
wheel hub and direction signal switch housing cover
to
l/8 and 3/32 inch. Maintain adjustment by tight-
ening flexible coupling bolt and nut to 15 lb.ft. Lock
the bolt and nut in position with lock-plate tabs.5. Reinstall stop bolt into steering column.
6. Full turn steering wheel both right and left. If any
resistance is noticeable, it will be necessary to remove
the sleering column and correct the cause.
D. Installation (Opel 1900. Manta)CAUTION: Fasteners are important attachingparts in
that they could affect the performance of vital com-
ponents and systems, and/or could result in
maJbrrepair expense. They must be replaced with one of
the same part number or with an equivalent part if
replacement becomes necessary. Do not use a re-
placement part oflesser
quaky or substitute design.
Torque values must be used as specified during reas-
sembly to assure proper retention of these parts.
1. Prior to installation, set steering gear to high
point. The steering wheel spokes point downwards in
an oblique angle. The elongated cutout of the lower
steering mast must coincide with the clamp bolt hole
of the pinion flange.
2. Position steering gear on front suspension cross
member and torque attaching bolts to 29 lb.ft.
3. Position tie rod studs in steering arms. Install nuts
and torque to 29
Ib.ft. Lock in position with new
cotter pin.
4. Install the lower end of the steering shaft to flexi-
ble coupling and torque clamp bolt to 22
lb.ft.5. Attach guard plate to both side members and
lower deflector panel.
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY OF
STEERING GEAR ASSEMBLY WITH TIE RODS
Disassembly - GT1. Carefully clamp gear assembly in soft jaw vise and
slip clamps and rubber bellows off gear housing to
expose area where ball joint screws into rack.
2. Bend up round edges of lockplates from tie rod
ball studs and disconnect tie rod ball studs from rack.
See Figure
3D-9). It is important that rack be held
secure with open end wrench to prevent damage to
rack teeth.
3. Loosen adjusting screw lock nut; remove adjusting
screw from steering gear housing, and take out thrust
spring and sintered bronze shell. See Figure
3D-11.4. Rotate gear assembly in vise so that pinion shaft
portion of assembly is held by vise, and remove pin-
ion nut, flat washer, and special washer.

OPEL 1900 AND MANTA STEERING COLUMN ASSEMBLY 3E.35
II
OPEL 1900 AND MANTA STEERING COLUMN
ASSEMBLY
CONTENTS
SubjectPage No.
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION:
Description and Operation of Directional Signal
Lever. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Description
andOperationofHorn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Description of Steering Column Assembly
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .DIAGNOSIS: (Not Applicable)
MAINTENANCE AND ADJUSTMENTS: (Not
Applicable)
MAJOR REPAIR:
3E-353E-363E-36
Removal and Installation of Steering Column
Assembly
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RemovalandInstallationofSteeringWheel. . . . . . . . . . . .Disassembly and Reassembly of Direction Signal
Switch
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Disassembly and Reassembly of Steering and
Ignition Lock Cylinder, and Electrical Switch
from Mast Jacket Assembly
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SPECIFICATIONS:
Steering
ColumnSpecifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3E-363E-383E-393E-403E-41
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATIONDESCRIPTION AND OPERATION OF
DIRECTIONAL SIGNAL LEVERhigh to low beam or vice versa. On all
19M) Rallye
cars, when switching from low to high beam posi-
tion, with the fog lamp instrument panel switch ON
The direction signal switch lever is a multi- purpose
lever controlling direction signals, passing signal and
headlight high and low beams. See Figure
3E-2.The dire&M signal lever is provided with a two-
step mechanism for operation of headlight high and
low beams, and passing signal (not in N.J.). With
headlights off, moving the lever repeatedly towards
steering wheel flashes headlights as a passing signal.
With headlights on, moving the lever repeatedly to-
wards steering wheel up to first stop also flashes
passing signal regardless whether or not the direction
signals are switched on. When the lever is moved up
to the second stop, the headlights are changed from
SE.2Figure
3E-2 Directional Signal Lever Position for
Headlamp Operation

3E- 421973 OPEL SERVICE MANUAL
GT STEERING COLUMN ASSEMBLY
CONTENTS
Subject
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION:
DescriptionofSteeringColumn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .DIAGNOSIS: (Not Applicable)
MAINTENANCE AND ADJUSTMENTS: (Not
Applicable)
MAJOR REPAIR:
RemovalandInstallationofSteeringWheel. . . . . . . . . . . .Removal and Installation of Ignition Lock
Cylinder
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Removal and Installation of Steering Column
Assembly
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Removal and Installation of Center Steering Shaft
Removal and Installation of Ignition Switch
and/or Steering Lock
.,~ ,........ ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Removal and Installation of Upper Steering
Bearing and/or Directional Signal Switch
. . . . . . . . . . . .Removal and Installation of Steering Column
Lower Bearing
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SPECIFICATIONS:
Steering Column Torques
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Page No.
3E-42
3E-44
3E-45
3E-45
3E-46
3E-46
3E-48
3E-49
3E-50
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
DESCRIPTION OF STEERING COLUMNThe Energy Abosrbing, Locking Steering .Column
assembly is used on the GT. This cohnnn is designed
to compress under impact. When an automobile is
being driven, the forward movement of the automo-
bile and the forward movement of the driver both
constitute a form of energy or force. When an au-
tomobile is involved in a frontal collision, the pri-
mary force (forward movement of the car) is
suddenly halted, while the secondary force (the
driver) continues its forward direction. A severe col-
lision generally involves these two forces
- the pri-
mary and the secondary forces. The secondaryjmpact occurs when the driver is thrust forward onto
the steering wheel and column.
The Energy Absorbing Column is designed to absorb
these primary and secondary forces to the extent thatthe severity of the secondary impact is reduced. Dur-
ing a collision, the steering column compresses and
thereby reduces its tendency to move rearward into
the driver’s compartment. A split second later when
the driver is thrown forward (the secondary impact)
his energy is also partially abosrbed by the compres-
sion characteristics of the column.
The Energy Absorbing, Locking Column assembly
may be easily disassembled and reassembled. The
serviceman should be aware that it is important that
only the specified screws, bolts and nuts be used as
designated during reassembly, and that they are
tightened to their specified torque. This precaution
will insure the energy absorbing action of the assem-
bly. Particular care should be exercised to avoid us-
ing overlength bolts as they may prevent a portion of
the assembly from compressing under impact.
Equally as important is correct torquing of all bolts
and nuts.
When the Energy Absorbing, Locking Column is

WHEELS AND TIRES3G- 55
WHEELS AND TIRES
CONTENTS
Subject
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION: (Not Applicable)
DIAGNOSIS:
Car
RoughnessandVibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AbnormalTireWear
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .MAINTENANCE AND ADJUSTMENTS:
Demounting and Mounting Tubeless Tires
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .Wheel
andTireBalance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .MAJOR REPAIR: (Not Applicable)
SPECIFICATIONS:
Specifications
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Page No.
3G-55
3G-58
3G-6136-6236-62
DIAGNOSIS
CAR ROUGHNESS AND VIBRATIONinflation pressures and perform tire inspection, in-
cluding removal of any foreign material on tire tread
or wheel large enough to upset balance.
Possible Causes
To assist in the diagnosis and correction of some of
the more stubborn cases of tire vibration and rough-
ness conditions that may be encountered, the follow-
ing information is offered:Tire inflation pressure recommendations are very
important at all times and particularly so on all ride
complaints. Raising or lowering tire pressures to
“improve” mileage or traction should not be at-
tempted.
VIBRATION, or a quivering motion condition, no-
ticeable by feel through the steering column, steering
wheel, floor
p&n, or by hood and fender shake, usu-
ally originates from the front wheels and tires. Front
end vibration, when caused by unbalanced front
wheels, can be generally felt as steering wheel “nib-ble”.Next, road-test the car with the owner, if possible,
and have the owner explain the specific ride disturb-
ance.After road-testing, raise car on hoist and proceed to
isolate the offending tire/wheel assembly.
Reproducing the Disturbance
A vibration felt through the seats as a side-to-side
disturbance can usually be attributed to the rearIn an attempt to reproduce the disturbance ex-
wheels and tires.perienced in the ride, a wheel spinner can be used on
the front wheels of the car.
Both front and rear vibration can be noticed mainly
at highway speeds, usually over 60 mph.The rear wheels may be spun by placing car in
“Drive” with engine running.
ROUGHNESS, noticeable primarily at speeds be-
tween 40 and 65 mph, can be felt (and occasionally
heard), and is due to certain irregularities in the tire.
Roughness usually sets up a “trembling” feel or a
shuddering effect.When spinning rear wheels, never exceed a speedom-
eter speed of 35 mph with a standard rear axle assem-
bly, or 75 mph on one with a positive traction rear
axle. Excessive speeds may cause damage to the rear
axle assembly.
Road-Test With Owner
When a ride complaint is encountered, first checkJack up both rear wheels by placing the jack under
the differential housing. Spin one wheel and tire with
the opposite wheel held from rotating by holding the

WHEELS AND TIRES3G- 61Cornering Tread WearThe modern independently-sprung automobile al-
lows the driver to negotiate turns at a high rate of
speed with a greater feeling of safety. This fact is
responsible for a comparatively new type of tread
wear that can easily be mistaken for toe or camber
wear.When a car is making a turn, the tires are supposed
to be rolling in a circle. When the turn is made at
high speed, however, centrifugal force acting on the
car causes the tires to be distorted sideways and to
slip or skid on the road surface. This produces a
diagonal cross type of wear, which in severe cases
will result in a fine or sharp edge on each rib of the
tire treads.
Cornering wear can be distinguished from toe or
camber wear by the rounding of the outside shoulder
of the tire and by the roughening of tread surface in
this section denoting severe abrasion. See Figure
3G-7.No alignment or tire pressure cahnge can be made
that will relieve cornering wear. Only the driver can
effect a cure and that is by slowing down on curves.
Heel and Toe Tread WearHeel and toe wear is a saw-tooth effect with one end
of each tread block worn more than the other.
The end which wears is the one that first grips the
road when the brakes are applied. High-speed driv-
ing and excessive “se of the brakes will cause this
type of irregular tire wear. This type of wear will
occur on any type of block tread design. See Figure3G-7.
Heel and toe wear is not so prevalent on the rear tires
because of the propelling action which creates a
counteracting force which wears the opposite end of
the tread block. These two stresses on the rear tires
wear the tread blocks in opposite directions and re-
sult in more even wear while on the front tires, the
braking stress is the only one which is effective. This
may be counteracted by interchanging tires.
A small amount of irregular wear, slightly
saw-toothed in appearance, at the outer segments of tires
is a normal condition and is due to the difference in
circumference between the center and the outer
edges of the tire tread. This saw-toothed appearance,
however, will be exaggerated by underinflation, im-
proper toe-in, or both.Cupped or Scalloped Type Tire Wear
Cupping or scalloping is associated with wear on acar driven mostly at highway speeds without recom-
mended tire rotation. Factors which promote cup-
ping include underinflation, incorrect toe-in setting
or camber setting, and steady highway speeds on
smooth, paved surfaces as opposed to gravel or
rough asphalt.
The following recommendations suggest action that
may be taken to help prevent cupping.
1. Rotate tires as recommended in Figure
3G-6.2. Frequently inspect front tires for irregular wear
due to underinflation, improper toe-in setting, or
camber setting. Regardless of the original cause of
cupped tread wear on either front tire, no alignment
or balance job, however perfect, can prevent future
excessive wear of the spots. Once a front tire acquires
flat or cupped spots, additional wear will continue at
a rapid rate. At the time of correction, however, the
cupped tire should be interchanged with a rear tire
on which the tread runs true. The cupped tire will,
to a certain degree, true itself on a rear wheel.
Although not normally the cause of cupping, the
following factors can contribute to the problem.
Looseness of parts in the suspension system, such as
worn steering knuckle ball joints, loose wheel bear-
ings, inoperative shock absorbers, and any excessive
looseness throughout the steering system all tend to
allow the front wheels to kick around and, if any of
the wheel alignment factors are incorrect, irregular
spotty tire tread wear of one type or another may
result.
Wobble or runout of a tire, either front or rear, due
to bent wheel or to tire being improperly mounted
will cause uneven wear.
MAINTENANCE AND ADJUSTMENTSDEMOUNTING AND MOUNTING
TUBELESS TIRESDue to “se of symmetrical rims, tires must be
mounted over the narrow rim shoulder i.e., over out-
side rim flange.
When demounting a tubeless tire “se care to avoid
damaging the rim-seal ridges on tire beads DO NOT
USE TIRE IRONS TO FORCE BEADS A WA Y
FROM WHEEL RIM FLANGES.
When tire is removed, inspect it carefully to deter-
mine whether loss of air was caused by puncture or
by improper
tit of beads against rim flanges. If im-
proper fit is indicated, check wheel as follows: Do
not reuse dented rims.

3G- 621973 OPEL SERVICE MANUAL
1. Clean rims thoroughly, using No. 3 coarse steel
wool to remove all oxidized rubber, soap solution,
etc. Remove rust with wire brush.2. Inspect butt weld and other areas of rim contactedby tire beads to make certain there is no groove or
high spot. Remove any groove or high spot by tiling
smooth.
3. Inspect valve stem and replace it if damaged.
Make certain that valve stem is properly installed to
provide an air tight joint.
4. Before mounting a tubeless tire on a wheel, mois-
ten a cloth with mounting compound or soap solu-
tion and wipe rim-seal ridges of both beads to remove
all foreign substances.
5. Moisten base of both beads with mounting com-
pound or soap solution to help beads snap into place
when tire is inflated. Start tire over rim flange at
point opposite valve stem.
6. Inflate tire until both beads are firmly seated
against rim flanges and temporarily over inflate.
Leak test wheel and tire assembly and if satisfactory,
reduce to recommended pressure.
SPECIFICATIONSWHEEL AND TIRE BALANCE
Wheel and tire balance is the equal distribution of the
weight of the wheel and tire assembly around the axis
of rotation. Wheel unbalance is the principal cause of
tramp and general car shake and roughness and con-
tributes somewhat to steering troubles.
The original balance of the tire and wheel assembly
may change as the tire wears. Severe acceleration,
severe brake applications, fast cornering and side slip
wear the tires out in spots and often upset the origi-
nal balance condition and make it desirable to rebal-
ance the tire and wheel as an assembly. Tire and
wheel assemblies should be rebalanced after punc-
tures are repaired.
Because of the speed at which cars are driven, it is
necessary to test the wheel and tire assembly for
dynamic balance. Dynamic balancing of a wheel and
tire assembly must be done on a machine designed to
indicate out-of-balance conditions while the wheel is
rotating on the car. Since procedures differ with dif-
ferent machines, the instructions of the equipment
manufacturer must be carefully followed.
General SpecificationsWheels
Opel 1900
- Manta and GT ,._......,,,._.................,...,,..............................~,,,.................... 5.J x 13
Tires
1900 - Manta __.......,,___.,...,,..,.....,,....,,...........,...,,.,,...,.........,,..................,....................... 165-13
GT . . . . . . . ..__........_..............,...,,........,,,...,,..........,....,..,,...,,........,..................,,,.....................165-13
Tire Size and Pressures (Pounds Per Square Inch
Cold)
ModelTire Size51.53.54.57
165-1357R.57L165-13
77
165-13Recommended(Standard
PressureInflation)
FrontRear24
PSI32PSI23
PSI26PSI
19PSI23
PSI
NOTE:
1.Tire inflation pressures may increase as much as 6 pounds per square inch
when hot.
2.For continuous high-speed operation (over 75 MPH), increase tire inflation
pressures 4 pounds per square inch over the recommended pressures up to a
maximum of 30 pounds per square inch cool for 4 ply rating tires. When the
4 psi pressure adjustment for sustained high speed with maximum vehicle load

5B- 10 1973 OPEL SERVICE MANUAL
DISC BRAKES
CONTENTS
Subject
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION:
Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Operation
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .DIAGNOSIS:
DiscBrakeTroubleDiagnosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .MAINTENANCE AND ADJUSTMENTS:
Disc Brake Maintenance
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Checking Disc Brake Friction Pads for Wear
. . . . . . . . . .Replacing Friction Pads
Checking Brake Disc for Lateral
Runout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .MAJOR REPAIR:
RemovingandInstallingBrakeCaliper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Removing and Installing Brake Disc
. . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RemovingandInstallingBrakeDiscShield. . . . . . . . . . . . . .Disassembly and Assembly of Brake Caliper
. . . . . . . . . .SPECIFICATIONS:
Disc Brake Specifications
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Page No.
58-1058-l
1
58-12
58-15
SB-15
5&17
56-17
58-17
58-195519
58-21
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
DESCRIPTIONThe front wheel disc brake consists of two major
parts: The brake disc and the brake caliper with the
two friction pads. See Figure
5B-20.The brake disc is attached to the inside of the wheel
hub flange by four bolts and centered on a shoulder
of the hub. The brake caliper consists of two halves:
the mounting half, arranged on the inside of the
brake disc, and the rim half. The two halves are
firmly attached to each other by four bolts. Two
flanges on the mounting half serve as attachment of
the brake caliper to the steering knuckle. The brake
caliper is positioned behind the front suspension
cross member at steering knuckle spindle level. It is
attached to the steering knuckle by two bolts. Both
caliper halves act as brake cylinders and each houses
a piston and a fluid seal. The fluid seal, of square
cross section, is positioned in an annular groove of
the caliper bore, preventing fluid leakage past the
piston and entry of water and dirt. The pistons and
caliper half bores are protected against entry of waterFigure 58.20 Left Front Disc Brake Assembly
and dirt in brake disc direction by a rubber seal, held
on the caliper half collar by a clamp ring and against