1973 OPEL 1900 low oil pressure

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Page 447 of 625

OPEL 1900 1973 Service Manual 7C- 881973 OPEL SERVICE MANUAL
Condition
6. Abrupt 3-2 coast downshift.Cause
a) Low speed downshift timing valve
stuck open.
7. Flare on high speed forceda) Low oil pressure.
downshift.b) Band adjustm

Page 484 of 625

OPEL 1900 1973 Service Manual 7. Remove accumulator piston, oil ring, and spring.
See Figure 7C-200.ACCUMULATOR PISTON
Figure 7C-200AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION 7C-123
8. Inspect accumulator oil ring for damage or edge
wear and piston f

7. Remove accumulator piston, oil ring, and spring.
See Figure 7C-200.ACCUMULATOR PISTON
Figure 7C-200AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION 7C-123
8. Inspect accumulator oil ring for damage or edge
wear and piston for damage. Replace if necessary.
For steps 9 through 21 refer to Figure 7C-201.9. Remove 1-2 Shift control valve retaining pin, l-2
shift control valve sleeve, control valve, 1-2 shift
valve spring and valve. It may be necessary to
remove burrs in valve body bore made by retaining
pin prior to removal of the sleeves and valves.
10. Remove the 2-3 Shift control valve retaining pin
and sleeve. Also, remove the 2-3 shift control valve,
spring seat, spring and 2-3 shift valve.
11. Remove the 3-2
,control valve retaining pin and
plug. Remoye 3-2 control valve spring and control
valve.12. Remove the detent pressure regulator valve re-
taining pin, spring, and detent pressure regulator
valve.13. Remove the high speed downshift timing valve
retaining pin and spring and remove valve.
1.RETAINING PIN
2.1-2 SHIFT CONTROL VALVE SLEEVE
3.1-2 SHIFT CONTROL VALVE
4. l-2 SHIFT CONTROL VALVE SPRING5.1-2 SHIFT VALVE
6.RETAINING PIN
7.2-3 SHIFT CONTROL VALVE SLEEVE
8.2-3 SHIFT CONTROL VALVE9.2-3 SHIFT CONTROL VALVE SPRING
IO. 2-3 SHIFT CONTROL VALVE SPRING SEAT
11.2-3 SHIFT VALVE
12.1-2 ACCUMULATOR VALVE SPRING13.1-2 ACCUMULATOR VALVE
14.RETAINING PIN
15.1-2 ACCUMULATOR VALVE PLUG16.RETAlNlNG PIN
17.3-2 CONTROL VALVE PLUG18.3-2 CONTROL VALVE SPRING
d 28 29 31 32 33uu44ucBBt?a~~19. 3-2 CONTROL VALVE
20. REVERSE CONTROL VALVE
21. MANUAL LOW CONTROL VALVE
22. MANUAL LOW CONTROL VALVE SPRING
23. RETAINING PIN
24. RETAINING PIN
25. DETENT PRESSURE REGULATOR VALVE SPRING
26. DETENT PRESSURE REGULATOR VALVE
27. MANUAL VALVE
28. LOW SPEED DOWNSHIFT TIMING
VALVE SPRING
29. LOW SPEED DOWNSHIFT TIMING VALVE
30. RETAINING PIN
31. TIMING AND CONTROL VALVE PLUG
32. HIGH SPEED DOWNSHIFT TIMING VALVE
33. HIGH SPEED DOWNSHIFT TIMING
VALVE SPRING
34. RETAINING PIN
7c-201Figure 7C-201 Valve Body
- Exploded View

Page 485 of 625

OPEL 1900 1973 Service Manual 7C.1241973 OPEL SERVICE MANUAL
14. Remove the downshift timing valve plug retain-
ing pin and remove downshift timing valve plug.
Remove the low speed downshift timing valve and
spring.
15. Remove the

7C.1241973 OPEL SERVICE MANUAL
14. Remove the downshift timing valve plug retain-
ing pin and remove downshift timing valve plug.
Remove the low speed downshift timing valve and
spring.
15. Remove the manual low and r&erse control
valve retaining pin. Remove the spring and the
manual low control valve and the reverse control
valve.
16. Remove the l-2 accumulator valve retaining pin
and remove the l-2 accumulator valve plug, l-2 ac-
cumulator valve and spring.
17. A clean work area which is free of dirt and dust
should be used to inspect, clean and install the valves
in the valve body. Handle valve components with
clean hands and tools. Since most valve failures are
caused initially by dirt or other foreign matter pre-
venting a valve from functioning properly, a
thorough cleaning of all the components with a
cleaning solvent is essential. Do not use paraffin toclean out the valve body passages and valve bore.
Compressed air may be used to blow out the pas-
sages.18. Inspect each valve for free movement in its re-
spective bore in
t.he valve body. If necessary, use
crocus cloth to remove small burrs on a valve. Do
not remove the sharp edges of the valves as these
edges perform a cleaning action within the bore.
19. Inspect the valve springs for distortion or col-
lapsed coils. Replace the entire valve body assembly
if any parts are damaged.
20. Inspect the transfer plate for dents or distortion.
Replace transfer plate if necessary.
21. Reassemble the valves, springs, plugs and retain-
ing pins in their proper location and order into the
valve body using a liberal amount of transmission
fluid. See the spring data chart which includes the
spring identification sizes in the event springs have
been disarranged.
LocationApplication
PumpPressureRegulator Valve....................................................
PumpPrimingValve
...........................................................
.............Valve Body1.2ShiftValve......................................................................
Valve Body2-3ShiftValve......................................................................
Valve BodyDetentPressureRegulatorValve......................................
Valve BodyHigh-Speed Timing Valve....................................................
Valve BodyLow-Speed
TimingValve....................................................
Valve BodyReverse and Low Control Valve
........................................
CSSDetentValve..........................................................................
Valve Body1-2 Accumulator Valve........................................................
Valve Body3-2Control
Valve..................................................................
Gov. BodySecondary
Governor Valve................................................
Valve BodyAccumulator Piston
..............................................................
CaseServo Return..........................................................................SHVOServoCushion
........................................................................
Clutch PackClutchReturn(All)................................................................ SPRING IDENTIFICATION CHART
FreeOuter
HeightDiameter
2.756
,7601.043
,3202.467
,7201.769
,7001.625,474
1.349
,4061.380,406
1.343
,4062.569
,6751.072
,5201.853
.4061.317
,4061.9171.224
2.2401.850
1.0391.267
1.050
,42422. Install spring and accumulator piston in valve
body.
23. Compress accumulator piston with C-clamp and
install retaining ring.
24. Install new valve body gasket.2. Inspect and clean oil passages with cleaning sol-
vent and air.
3. Check for good retention of band anchor pins.
25. Bolt the transfer plate and gasket to the valve
body. Torque to 6-8 lbs. ft.
Disassembly, Inspection and Reassembly of Case
1. Inspect case for damage. See Figure
7C-202.4. Inspect all threaded holes for thread damage.
5. Inspect detent valve and modulator valve bores for
scratches or scoring.
6. Inspect case bushing inside of case at rear. If
da-maged, remove bushing with remover and installer
tool J-23 130-3 and driver handle J-8092. See Figure
7C-203.

Page 486 of 625

OPEL 1900 1973 Service Manual AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION 7C-1251. CASE VENT4.3RD CLUTCH7.SUCTION
2. CONVERTER OUT5MODULATOR8.LINE/3.2ND CLUTCH
6. BOOST9.REVERSEFigure 7C-202 Case Front View Oil Passage
Identification
7.
!nspect react

Page 531 of 625

OPEL 1900 1973 Service Manual 9B-22 1973 OPEL SERVICE MANUAL
We can change a vapor back into a liquid by chilling
it, or do the same thing with pressure. When we
condense a vapor we will find that the heat removed
just exactly equ

9B-22 1973 OPEL SERVICE MANUAL
We can change a vapor back into a liquid by chilling
it, or do the same thing with pressure. When we
condense a vapor we will find that the heat removed
just exactly equals the amount of heat that was neces-
sary to make the substance vaporize in the first place.
At last the lost is found! The latent heat of vaporiza-
tion the heat that apparently disappeared when
a liquid boiled into a vapor again reappears on
the scene when that same vapor reverts back into a
liquid. It is just like putting air into a balloon to
expand it and then letting the same amount of air out
again to return the balloon to its original condition.
We know that any substance will condense at the
same temperature at which it boiled. This tempera-
ture point is a clear-cut division like a fence. On one
side, a substance is a liquid. Immediately on the
other side it is a vapor. Whichever way a substance
would go, from hot to cold or cold to hot, it will
change its character the moment it crosses over thefence.But pressure moves the fence! Water will boil at 212
degrees under normal conditions. Naturally, we ex-
pect steam to condense at the same temperature. But
whenever we put pressure on steam, it doesn’t! It will
condense at some temperature higher than 212 de-
grees. The greater the pressure, the higher the boiling
point and the temperature at which a vapor will
condense. This is the reason why pressure cookers
cook food faster, since the pressure on the water
permits it to boil out at a higher temperature. We
know that R-12 boils at 21.7 degrees below zero. A
thermometer will show us that the rising vapors,
even though they have soaked up lots of heat, are
only slightly warmer. But the vapors must be made
warmer than the room air if we expect heat to flow
out of them. Also, the condensing point temperature
must be above that of room air or else the vapors
won’t condense.This is where pressure comes to the rescue. With
pressure, we can compress the vapor, thereby con-
centrating the heat it contains. When we concentrate
heat in a vapor that way, we increase the intensity of
the heat or, in other words, we increase the tempera-ture;because temperature is merely a measurement
of heat intensity. And the most amazing part of it all
is that we’ve made the vapor hotter without actually
adding any additional quantity of heat (Fig.
9B-12).
Use of Pressure in RefrigerationBecause we must live by press&s and gauges in air
conditioning work, the following points are men-
tioned so that we will all be talking about the same
thing when we speak of pressures.
All pressure, regardless of how it is produced, is
measured in pounds per square inch (psi).Figure 98.12 Compressing a Vapor Concentrates its
HeatAtmospheric Pressure is pressure exerted in every
direction by the weight of the atmosphere. At higher
altitudes air is raritied and has less weight. At sea
level atmospheric pressure is 14.7 psi.
Any pressure less than atmospheric is known as a
partial vacuum or commonly called a vacuum. A
perfect vacuum or region of no pressure has never
been mechanically produced. Gauge pressure is used
in refrigeration work. Gauges are calibrated in
pounds (psi) of pressure and inches of Mercury for
vacuum. At sea level
“0” lbs. gauge pressure is
equivalent to 14.7 lbs. atmospheric pressure. Pres-
sure greater than atmospheric is measured in pounds
(psi) and pressure below atmospheric is measured in
inches of vacuum. The “0” on the gauge will always
correspond to the surrounding atmospheric pressure,
regardless of the elevation where the gauge is being
used.
Basic Refrigerator OperationWe’ve now covered all the ground-rules that apply to
refrigeration. Most likely they still are a little hazy,
but it is easy enough to remember these main points.
All liquids soak up lots of heat without getting any
warmer when they boil into a vapor, and, we can use
pressure to make the vapor condense back into a
liquid so it can be used over again. With just that
amount of knowledge, here is how we can build a
refrigerator.
We can place a flask of refrigerant in an ice-box. We
know it will boil at a very cold temperature and will
draw heat away from everything inside the cabinet
(Fig. 9B-13).
We can pipe the rising vapors outside the cabinet and
thus provide a way for carrying the heat out. Once

Page 532 of 625

OPEL 1900 1973 Service Manual REFRIGERANT COMPONENTS ALL MODELS96.23Figure 96-l 3 Basic Refrigerant Circuit
we get the heat-laden vapor outside, we can com-
press it with a pump. With enough pressure, we can
squeeze the heat out o

REFRIGERANT COMPONENTS ALL MODELS96.23Figure 96-l 3 Basic Refrigerant Circuit
we get the heat-laden vapor outside, we can com-
press it with a pump. With enough pressure, we can
squeeze the heat out of “cold” vapor even in a warm
room. An ordinary.radiator will help us get rid of
heat.
By removing the heat, and making the refrigerant
into a liquid, it becomes the same as it was before, So,
we can run another pipe back into the cabinet and
return the refrigerant to the flask to be used over
again.
That is the way most mechanical refrigerators work
today. Now, let’s look at an air conditioning unit to
see how closely it resembles the refrigerator we have
just described.
Basic Air ConditionerWhen we look at an air conditioning unit, we will
always find a set of coils or a tinned radiator core
through which the air to be cooled passes. This is
known as the “evaporator” (Fig.
9B-14). It does the
same job as the flask of refrigerant we
spok.e about
earlier. The refrigerant boils in the evaporator. In
boiling, of course, the refrigerant absorbs heat and
changes into a vapor. By piping this vapor outside
the car we can bodily carry out the heat that caused
its creation.
Once we get vapor out of the evaporator, all we haveFigure 98.14 Evaporator Assembly
to do is remove the heat it contains. Since heat is the
only thing that expanded the refrigerant from a liq-
uid to a vapor in the first place, removal of that same
heat will let the vapor condense into a liquid again.
Then we can return the liquid refrigerant to the
evaporator to be used over again.
Actually, the vapor coming out of the evaporator is
very cold. We know the liquid refrigerant boils at
temperatures considerably below freezing and that
the vapors arising from it are only a shade warmer
even though they do contain quantities of heat.
Consequently, we can’t expect to remove heat from
sub- freezing vapors by “cooling” them in air tem-
peratures that usually range between 60 and 100
degrees heat refuses to
flow from a cold object
toward a warmer object.
But with a pump, we can squeeze the heat-laden
vapor into a smaller space. And, when we compress
the vapor, we also concentrate the heat it contains.
In this way, we can make the vapor hotter without
adding any heat. Then we can cool it in compara-
tively warm air.
That is the only responsibility of a compressor in an
air conditioning system (Fig.
9B-15). It is not in-
tended to be a pump just for circulating the refriger-
ant. Rather, its job is to exert pressure for two
reasons. Pressure makes the vapor hot enough to
cool off in warm air. At the same time, the compres-
sor raises the refrigerant’s pressure above the con-
densing point at the temperature of the surrounding
air so it will condense.
As the refrigerant leaves the compressor, it is still a
vapor although it is now quite hot and ready to give
up the heat that is absorbed in the evaporator. One
of the easiest ways to help refrigerant vapor dis-
charge its heat is to send it through a radiator- like
contrivance known as a condenser (Fig. 9B-16).
The condenser really is a very simple device having
no moving parts. It does exactly the same job as the
radiator in a typical steam-heating system. There,
the steam is nothing more than water vapor. In pass-
ing through the radiator, the steam gives up its heat
and condenses back into water.
The same action takes place in an air conditioning

Page 533 of 625

OPEL 1900 1973 Service Manual 9B-24 1973 OPEL SERVICE MANUAL
Figure 9B-15 Compressor Assembly - GT Shown
Figure 3B-16 Condenser Assembly
condenser. The refrigerant vapor gives up its heat,
which is quickly and easily radiated into

9B-24 1973 OPEL SERVICE MANUAL
Figure 9B-15 Compressor Assembly - GT Shown
Figure 3B-16 Condenser Assembly
condenser. The refrigerant vapor gives up its heat,
which is quickly and easily radiated into the sur-
rounding air through the large finned surfaces of the
condenser. In giving up its heat, the refrigerant vapor
condenses back into liquid which collects in a pool
at the bottom of the condenser.
As we have said before, when the refrigerant con-
denses into a liquid, it again is ready for boiling in the
evaporator. So, we can run a pipe from the condenser
back to the evaporator.
Main Units of the SystemThese three units then; the evaporator, the compres-
sor, and the condenser are the main working
parts of any typical air conditioning system. We have
the evaporator where the refrigerant boils andchanges into a vapor, absorbing heat as it does so. We
have the pump or compressor to put pressure on the
refrigerant so it can get rid of its heat. And we have
a condenser outside the car body to help discharge
the heat into the surrounding air.
Pressure and FlowThere is one more unit that co-operates with thesethree. It doesn’t do any real work, but it does act as
sort of a traffic officer in controlling the flow of the
refrigerant through the system. To get a better idea
of what this does. let’s first do a li,ttle exoerimentine
with an ordinary’ tire pump.
When we use a
t,ire pump to Sate an automobile
tire, we are creating pressure only because we are
“pushing” against the air already entrapped inside
the tire. If you question this, just try pumping up a
tire that has a large puncture in it. You could pump
all day, and still not be able to build up any pressure.
As fast as you would pump the air in, it would leak
out through the puncture.
Abou~t all you would be
doing would be circulating nice fresh air through the
tire.
1Jnless you have something lo push against - to
block the tlow of air
- you can’t create more than a
mere semblance of pressure.
The same situation holds true in an air conditioning
system. The compressor can pump refrigerant vapor
through the system, but unless it has something to
push against, it cannot build up pressure. All the
compressor would be doing would be to circulate the
vapor without increasing its
pres,sure.Yet we can’t just block the flow through the system
entirely. All we want to do is put pressure on the
refrigerant vapor so it will condense at normal tem-
peratures. What’s more, this
musi: be done some time
after the vapor leaves the evaporator and before it
returns again as a liquid. We can’t have high pressure
in the evaporator because that would slow down the
boiling of the refrigerant and thus penalize the re-
frigerating effect.
Controlling Pressure and FlowPressure and flow can be controlled with a float
valve, or with a pressure-regulating valve. They do
the same job, but in a different way.
Since the float valve type will give us a better idea of
pressure and flow control, let’s look at it first (Fig.
9B-17).It consists simply of a float that rides on the surface
of the liquid refrigerant. As the refrigerant liquid
boils and passes off as a vapor, naturally the liquid
level drops lower and lower. Correspondingly, the
float, because it rides on the surface of the refriger-
ant, also drops lower and lower as the liquid goes
down.By means of a simple system of mechanical linkage,
the downward movement of the float opens a valve
to let refrigerant in. The incoming liquid raises the
fluid level and, of course, the float rides up with it.
When the surface level of the refrigerant liquid re-
aches a desired height, the float: will have risen far

Page 534 of 625

OPEL 1900 1973 Service Manual REFRIGERANT COMPONENTS ALL MODELS9B- 2596.15
Figure 95.17 Float Type Flow Valve
enough to close the valve and stop the flow of refrig-
erant liquid.
For the sake of simplicity, we have described the
f

REFRIGERANT COMPONENTS ALL MODELS9B- 2596.15
Figure 95.17 Float Type Flow Valve
enough to close the valve and stop the flow of refrig-
erant liquid.
For the sake of simplicity, we have described the
float and valve action as being in a sort of definite
wide open or tight shut condition. Actually, though,
the liquid level falls rather slowly as the refrigerant
boils away. Likewise, the float goes down gradually
and gradually opens the valve just a crack. New
refrigerant liquid barely seeps in through the
“cracked” valve. At such a slow rate of flow, it raises
the liquid level in the evaporator very slowly.
With that in mind, it is easy to see how it would be
possible for a stabilized condition to exist. By that,
we mean a condition wherein the valve would be/
DIAPHRAGMACTUATINGBACK.UP PLATE
PINS \
t
>IAPHRAGM \
/
BoDyEQUALIZER\4]
PASSAGE
‘!!!ISEATSCkEEN:ARRIAGEORIFICE
AGE SPRINGIER ELEMENT:MOB”LBSPRING SEAT
OUTLET
W-16opened barely enough to allow just exactly the right
amount of refrigerant liquid to enter the freezer to
take the place of that leaving as a vapor.
Thermostatic Expansion ValveAutomotive air conditioning systems use a thermo-
static expansion valve in place of the float system.
Figure 9B-18 shows a cross-section of the valve
which consists primarily of the gas-filled power ele-
ment, body, actuating pins, seat and orifice. At the
high pressure liquid inlet is a tine mesh screen which
prevents dirt, tilings or other foreign matter from
entering the valve orifice.
When the valve is connected in the system, the high
pressure liquid refrigerant enters the valve through
the screen from the receiver-dehydrator (which acts
as a storage tank for the condensed refrigerant as it
leaves the condenser) and passes on to the seat and
orifice. Upon passing through the orifice the high
pressure liquid becomes low pressure liquid. The low
pressure liquid leaves the valve and flows into the
evaporator core where it absorbs heat from the
evaporator core and changes to a low pressure vapor,
and leaves the evaporator core as such. The power
element bulb is clamped to the low pressure vapor
line just beyond the outlet of the evaporator (Fig.
9B-20).The operation of the valve is quite simple. It is a
matter of controlling opposing forces produced by a
spring and the refrigerant pressures. For example:
The pressure in the power element is trying to push
the seat away from the orifice, while the spring is
trying to force the seat toward the orifice. These
opposing pressures are established in the design of
the valve so that during idle periods, i.e. when the
system is not operating, the spring force and the
refrigerant pressure in the cooling coil are always
Figure 9B-18 Thermostatic Expansion Valve
Figure
98.20 Expansion Valve Bulb Location

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