1953 JEEP CJ steering wheel

THREE-SPEED
TRANSMISSION

FIG.
J-l—TRANSMISSION

REMOTE
CONTROL
CJ-5
A,
CJ-6A

1— Stop Screw
2—
Bias
Spring

3—
Gearshift
Lever
4—
Lever
Ball

5—
Steering
Wheel 6—
Horn
Button 7—
Column
and Bearing
8—
End
Huts
9—
Shift
Rod
Ends

10—
Shift
Rod
11—
Shift
Rod
12—
Cross-Shift
Bracket

13—
Control
Shaft
14—
Lubrication
Fitting
15—
Lever
and
Clutch

16—
Adjusting
Yoke

17—
Aligning
Rod 11706

b.
Remove gearshift lever fulcrum pin and the
gearshift lever.

c.
Remove plates on the toe board at the steer­
ing
post.

d.
Remove two screws holding remote control
housing to the steering
post
and lift the housing
from
the positioning pin.

e.
Remove the assembly down through the floor
pan.

f. Remove the lower clutch and shift lever from the housing by turning counterclockwise.
g. Remove upper clutch and shift lever in the same

manner.

h. Wash all parts in a suitable cleaning solution.

J-5.
Reassembly of
Remote
Control
•
Refer to
Fig.
J-l

Check
clearance of shift dog which
engages
in slot
of clutches, and if found to be greater than .009" [0,229 mm.] clearance, replace the worn parts.
Assemble upper clutch lever assembly in housing
making
sure that the alignment
hole
in the housing
faces toward the engine.
Turn
the upper lever as­
sembly in as far as it
will
go and then back off one

full
turn
until the
hole
in the clutch lever aligns

with
hole
in the housing.
Assemble the lower clutch lever assembly in hous­ ing until faces of clutches contact then back off
not more than one-half
turn
which should bring
the aligning
hole
in the lever in line with the
hole
in
the housing. If the one-half
turn
does
not bring
the alignment
hole
in proper position, it
will
be
necessary to grind off (square with axis not to exceed .015") [0,397 mm.] the face of the lower

clutch;
in other words, backing off not more than
one-half
turn
from face to face contact
gives
the

proper
clearance of .015" to .031"
[0,397-0,794
mm.]

between
the two clutches.
Assemble the unit to the steering
post
in reverse

order
of dismantling and adjust remote control

rods.
After
assembly, if the shift dog catches on the
edge

of the slot in the clutch when moving the lever up

and
down, disconnect the shift rod at the
transmission
end and either lengthen or shorten it
slightly to correct this condition.

J-6.
TRANSMISSION
REMOVAL
The
following repair procedures given in Par. J-7
through J-ll for the standard
3-speed
transmission
apply
in general to all models listed. Minor dif­
ferences
between
models that affect the procedure

are
noted. Procedure for the optional
4-speed
trans­mission
begins
with Section
J-l.

Removal
is as follows:

a.
Drain
the transmission and transfer case. Re­ place the
drain
plugs.

b.
Remove the floor pan inspection plate.

c.
Remove the shift lever and shift housing as­ sembly and its gasket from the transmission. On 240

'Jeep*
UNIVERSAL SERIES SERVICE
MANUAL

m
FRONT fiXLE

Contents

SUBJECT
PAR.

GENERAL.
M-l

4-WHEEL DRIVE FRONT
AXLE.
M-2
Maintenance
Requirements M-3

FRONT AXLE REMOVAL
.M-4

AXLE
SHAFT REMOVAL
M-5

REMOVING
AND
OVERHAULING
DIFFERENTIAL
.M-6

AXLE
SHAFT UNIVERSAL JOINT SERVICE
M-7

STEERING
KNUCKLE SERVICE
M-8
Replacing
Steering
Knuckle
Oil Seal M-10

M-1. GENERAL
The
front axle for all 'Jeep* Universal models,

which
have 4-wheel drive, is described in
Par.
M-2.
The
front axle for all DJ-5, DJ-6 models, which
have 2-wheel drive, is described in
Par.
M-l5.

M-2. 4-WHEEL-DRIVE FRONT AXLE
The
front axle is a live driving unit with hypoid

type
driving gears and spherical steering knuckles mounted m pivot pins which ride on tapered roller bearings for
ease
of steering. The drive is of the
full
floating
type
through axle shafts built integrally

with
cardan cross universal joints which revolve in the steering knuckles. The steering knuckle tie rod

arm
is made integrally with the knuckle. The
knuckles
are connected by a divided tie rod to a steering bell
crank.
A steering connecting rod con­

nects
the bell
crank
to the steering gear arm. The

divided
tie rod is adjustable and the
toe-in
of each
front wheel is adjusted independently.
Camber
and
SUBJECT
PAR.

REASSEMBLY
AND
BEARING PRELOAD
M-9

AXLE
SHAFT INSTALLATION
M-ll
FRONT AXLE INSTALLATION........
.M-l2
Turning
Angle Adjustment . .M-14

Steering
Tie Rod and
Beilcrank
M-l3

2-WHEEL DRIVE FRONT AXLE
M-15
Removal
of Solid
Front
Axle M-l6

Steering
Knuckle
Service M-l7

Steering
Knuckle
Pin Replacement. ......M-l8

SERVICE
DIAGNOSIS
M-19

AXLE
SPECIFICATIONS.
M-20

caster
of the front
wheels
is preset.
Camber
cannot
be altered but caster can be adjusted by installing

caster
shims
between
the axle pad and the springs.

For
information on the steering
geometry
see
"Steering
Section."

Service
procedures given in this section include
the removal, installation, disassembly and assembly
of the Model
27AF
front axle assembly, the axle
shafts, steering knuckles, and
universal
joints.

Note:
All service replacement axle assemblies are
shipped from the factory without lubricant in the
differential.
Lubricant
must be added; use grade

and
quantity as specified in the lubrication chart (Section B).

M-3.
Maintenance Requirements

A
spring-loaded breather is located on the top of
the differential housing.
Each
time the differential
lubricant
is checked, the breather should be

M
FRONT
AXLE
1— Nut
2—
Lock
Washer

3—
Bearing
Lock
Washer
4—
Wheel
Bearing Cup 5—
Cone
and Rollers
6—
Oil
Seal 7— Spindle
8— Spindle Bushing
9—
Filler
Plug
10—
Right
Knuckle and Arm
11— Shims
12— Pivot Pin
13—
Lock
Washer
14—
Cap
Screw
15— Nut
16—
Washer

17—
Universal
Joint Yoke
18—
Oil
Seal
19—
Oil
Slinger
FIG.
M-2—FRONT
AXLE

20—
Cone
and Rollers
21—
Bearing
Cup
22—
Right
Axle Shaft with Universal Joint
23—
Knuckle
Oil Seal Retainer
24— Housing Breather 25—
Front
Axle Housing
26—
Axle
Shaft with Universal Joint
27—
Oil
Seal
28—
Axle
Shaft Guide
29—
Shim
Pack
30—
Bearing
Cup
31—
Cone
and Rollers
32—
Ring
Gear
and Pinion
33—
Thrust
Washer

34—
Thrust
Washer

35—
Differential
Gears
36— Housing Cover Gasket
37— Housing Cover
38—
Fill
Plug 39—
Screw
and
Lock
Washer
40—
Bearing
Cup
41—
Cone
and Rollers
42— Shims
43—
Lock
Pin
44—
Pinion
Shaft
45—
Differential
Case
47— Bolts
48— Nut
49—
Oil
Seal and Backing Ring
50—
Thrust
Washer
51— Snap Ring
52— Stop Bolt
53— Nut 54—
Bearing
Cup
55—
Cone
and Rollers
56—
Gasket

checked, making sure it is clean and open.

The
front wheel bearings should be checked every
12,000
miles. Refer to Section Q. Front wheel toe-

in
is adjustable by lengthening or shortening the
tie rod. However, standard caster and camber of
the front
wheels
are built
into
the axle. Wheel
caster can be adjusted by placing tapered shim
plates or
wedges
between
the springs and spring

seats
welded to the axle housing. Steering
geometry

and
front wheel adjustments are discussed in Sec­ tion O.

The
axle housing should be checked periodically
for weld cracks and/or other damage that may cause misalignment of the front
wheels
or
loss

of lubricant. The spring clips (U-bolts) should be
inspected and torqued every
12,000
miles. Torque (spring clip) nuts 45 to 50 lb-ft. [6,2 a 6,9 kg-m.].

M-4. FRONT
AXLE
REMOVAL
a.
Raise front end of vehicle
arid
safely support the frame by placing stands under the frame at
the rear of the front spring rear hangers.
b. Place
jack
under front axle housing and relieve
axle
weight
from the springs.
c. Disconnect shock absorbers from spring clip plates.
FIG.
M-3—HUB
CAP
PULLER

d.
Disconnect steering link from tie rod socket-
joint assembly.
e. Disconnect hydraulic brake
hoses
from front

brake
lines. Disconnect
hoses
from frame brackets. 278

M

FRONT
AXLE
FIG.
M-6—CARDAN

CROSS
UNIVERSAL
JOINT

1—Axle
Shaft Yoke
Half

2-—Bearing Cup
3— Snap Ring 4— Axle Shaft Yoke
Half
5— Roller Bearing
6— Bearing Cup 7— Bearing Cross Journal
10527

FIG.
M-7—CARDAN
CROSS
UNIVERSAL
JOINT
1— Outer Axle Shaft Snap Ring
2— Outer Shaft
3— Bearing Retainer Snap Ring
4— Bearing Rollers 5— Bearing Retainers
6— Universal Joint Journal Assembly 7—
Inner
Shaft bearing, use a
soft
drift with a
flat
about

[0,8 mm.] smaller in
diameter
than the
hole
in the

yoke
arm to drive out the bearing.
c.
Repeat
the
above
step
for the
other
two
bearings.
Then
lift
out the
bearing
cross
journal by
sliding

it to one
side.

d. Wash all parts in
cleaning
solvent
and
inspect

the parts
after
cleaning.
Replace any parts
that
indicate
extensive
wear.
e. Pack the
bearing
cones
one-third
full of lubri­
cant
and install the rollers.
f. Insert the
bearings
into
the end
yoke
arm and

seat
them
firmly
against
the
bearing
shoulders.

g.
Holding
the
bearings
in a vertical
position
to
prevent
the
needles
from
dropping
out,
reassemble

the joint in the
reverse
order of the
disassembly.
FIG.
M-8—STEERING KNUCKLE AND WHEEL BEARINGS
1— Bearing Adjusting Nut
2— Lockwasher
3— Lockwasher
4— Bearing Cone and Rollers 5— Bearing Cup
6— Spindle 7— Bushing
8—
Filler
Plug 9—Left Knuckle and Arm
10— Shims
11— Upper Bearing Cap 12— Lockwasher
13—Bolt
14—
Oil
Seal and Backing Ring
15—
Thrust
Washer
16— Axle Pilot 17—
Oil
Seal
18— Bearing Cup
19— Bearing Cone and Rollers
20—
Oil
Seal
21— Retainer
22— Bolt
23—
Lower
Bearing Cap
24—
Lock
Strap
25— Bolt 280

'Jeep'
UNIVERSAL
SERIES
SERVICE
MANUAL

M
If
the joint binds when assembled, tap the yoke
lightly to relieve any pressure on the bearings at the end of the
journal.

M-8-
Steering
Knuckle
Service

The
steering knuckle pins pivot on tapered roller
bearings. Replacement of
these
bearings requires

removal
of the hub and brake drum assembly,
wheel bearings, axle shaft, spindle, steering tie rod,

and
steering knuckle. Disassemble the steering
knuckle
as follows:
Remove the
eight
screws which hold the oil seal

retainer
in place. Remove the four screws holding
the lower pivot pin bearing cap. Remove the four screws holding the upper bearing cap in place. Re­
move
the bearing cap. The steering knuckle can
now be removed from the axle. Wash all parts in cleaning solvent. Replace any damaged or worn

parts.
Inspect the bearing and races for scores,
cracks,
or chips. Should the bearing cups be damaged,
they
may be removed and installed with

Special
Driver
W-138, as shown in Fig. M-9.
M-9.
Reassemble
and
Bearing Preload

Reverse
the procedure of Par. M-8 to reassemble
the unit. When reinstalling the steering knuckle, sufficient shims must be installed under the top

bearing
cap to obtain correct preload on the bear­
ing.
Shims are available in
these
thicknesses: .003"
[0,076
mm.] .010"
[0,254
mm.] 005"
[0,127
mm.] .030"
[0,762
mm.]

Install
one each of the
above
shims at the top only.
Install
the bearing caps, lockwashers, and screws,

and
tighten securely.
Check
the preload on the bearings by hooking a

spring
scale, Tool C-690, in the
hole
in the knuckle

arm
for the tie rod socket.
Take
the scale reading when the knuckle has just started its
sweep.

The
kingpin bearing preload should be 12 to 16 lb. [5,43 a 7,24 kg.] with the oil seal removed. Remove

or
add shims to obtain a preload within
these
limits.
FIG.
M-9—SPINDLE
PIN
BEARING
CUP
DRIVER

1—Tool
W-138
FIG.
M-10—TURNING
ANGLE
STOP
SCREW

1—Stop
Screw
M-10.
Replacing Steering
Knuckle
Oil Seal
Remove the old steering knuckle oil seal by remov­ ing the
eight
screws which hold it in place.
Earlier

production vehicles are equipped with seals con­ sisting of two oil seal halves.
Later
production vehicles are equipped with oil seal assemblies con­
sisting of a split oil seal and backing ring assembly,

an
oil seal felt, and two seal retainer plate halves.

Examine
the spherical surface of the axle for scores or scratches which could damage the seal.
Smooth any roughness with emery cloth. Before installing the oil seal felt, make a diagonal
cut across the top side of the
felt
so that it may be
slipped over the axle.
Install
the oil seal assembly

in
the
sequence
given above, making sure the

backing
ring (of the oil seal and backing ring as­
sembly) is toward the wheel.

After
driving in wet, freezing weather swing the
front
wheels
from right to
left
to remove moisture

adhering
to the oil seal and the spherical surface of
the axle housing.
This
will
prevent freezing with

resulting
damage to the seals. Should the vehicle be
stored for any period of time, coat
these
surfaces

with
light grease to prevent rusting.

M-11.
AXLE
SHAFT
INSTALLATION

Refer
to Fig. M-2.

Installation
of the front right and
left
axle shaft
is the same and is given in the following
paragraphs.

a.
Clean
all parts of
dirt
and foreign matter.

b.
Enter
universal joint and axle shaft assembly

in
the axle housing, taking care not to knock out
the inner oil seal.
Enter
the splined end of the
axle shaft
into
the differential and push
into
place. 281

FRONT
AXLE

FIG.
M-l
1—FRONT
STEERING

KNUCKLE

(With
Spicer Universal Joint)
1—
Wheel
Hub Cap

2—
Driving
Flange Cap Screw

3—
Axle
Shaft Drive Flange Gasket 4—
Wheel
Bearing Cup
5—
Front
Wheel Spindle
6—
Brake
Drum
7—
Front
Brake
Cylinder

8—
Brake
Backing Plate

9—
Pivot
Pin Bearing Cap
10—
Pivot
Pin Bearing Cap Nut
11—
Pivot
Pin 12—
Pivot
Bearing Adjusting Shims

13—
Pivot
Pin Cone and Rollers
14—
Steering
Knuckle
Oil Seal 15—
Front
Axle Universal Joint
16—
Thrust
Washer
17—
Brake
Backing Plate Screw
18—
Brake
Shoe and
Lining

19—
Hub
Oil Seal
20—
Wheel
Hub Bolt Nut
21—
Wheel
Bearing Cone and Rollers 22—
Wheel
Bearing Washer

23—
Wheel
Bearing Retaining Nut
24—
Wheel
Adjusting Nut
Lock
Washer
25—
Wheel
Bearing Retaining Nut
26—
Snap
Ring

c.
Install
the wheel bearing spindle and bushing.
d.
Install
brake backing plate.
e.
Grease and assemble wheel bearings and oil

seal.
Install
the wheel hub and drum on the wheel
bearing
spindle.
Install
the wheel bearing washer
and
adjusting nut. Tighten nut with
Wrench
W-144
as shown in
Fig.
M-5, until there is a slight drag on the bearings when the hub is turned.
Then
back off approximately one-sixth of a
turn.
Install
lock

washer
and nut, tightening nut
into
place, and then bend lip of lock washer over on the locknut.
f.
Install
drive
flange
and gasket on hub and attach
with
six cap screws and lock washers.
Install
snap

ring
on outer end of axle shaft.

g.
Install
hub cap.
h.
Install
the wheel, lug nuts, and wheel disc.
i.
If
tube
was installed with axle assembly on
vehicle, check front wheel alignment (Section O),
bleed brakes (Section P), and lubricate front axle

universal
joints (Section B).

M-12.
FRONT
AXLE
INSTALLATION

To
install the front axle, reverse the procedures described in
Par.
M-4 and then perform the follow­
ing operations:

a.
Torque spring clip plate (U-bolt) nuts securing the axle to the front springs, (see Par. M-4).

b.
Adjust and bleed the brakes (see Section P).

c.
Check
axle lubricant level and
fill
as necessary, (see Section B).

d.
Check
front end wheel alignment (see Section
O).
e.
Check
wheel turning angle. Refer to Par. M-14.
M-13.
Steering
Tie Rod and
Bell Crank

These
parts of the front axle are covered in Sec­
tion O.
M-14.
4-Wheel Drive
Turning
Angle

Adjustment
and service information regarding
turning
angles
is covered in Section O.

M-15.
2-WHEEL-DRIVE
FRONT
AXLE
The
front axle is of the reverse
Elliot
type. It is a
steel forging, heat treated for strength and ma­
chined
to
close
limits. The steering knuckles are
mounted on pins which pass through
openings
at each end of the
"I"
beam and are locked securely

in
position with tapered pins and nuts. The knuckles

ride
on
ball
thrust bearings for
ease
of steering. See
Figs.
M-12, M-13.

The
knuckles are connected by a tie rod which is
mounted on
ball
and socket connections. The tie

rod
is adjustable to secure correct
toe-in
of the front wheels. A steering connecting rod
connects

the
left
knuckle arm with the steering gear arm.

Standard
caster and camber of the front
wheels
are
built
into
the front axle. Wheel camber cannot
be changed however, caster can be adjusted by

placing
tapered shims or
wedges
between
the
springs and spring seats. For
complete
information

regarding
the steering
geometry
refer to the
Section O.

M-16.
Removal of Solid
Front
Axle

Note:
The procedure for removing the solid front
axle varies slightly, depending on whether the
springs are slung under or over the axle. These

variations
are
noted
in the following procedure.

a. -
Raise the front end of the vehicle and safely support the frame behind the springs.

b.
Remove the
wheels
by removing the wheel
discs and lug nuts.

c.
Disconnect the steering connecting rod at the
ball
and socket connection on the steering knuckle. 282

'Jeep'
UNIVERSAL
SERIES SERVICE
MANUAL

M
FIG.
M-12—FRONT
AXLE—EARLY
MODEL
DJ-5, DJ-6
1— Outer Bearing Cone and Rollers
2— Outer Bearing Race
3—
Inner
Bearing Cone and Rollers
4—
Inner
Bearing Race 5— -Wheel Brake Cylinder
6— Bleeder Screw 7— Upper Expansion Plug
8— Steering Knuckle Pin
9— Steering Knuckle Bushing
10—
Lubrication
Fitting Opening
11—
Front
Axle I-Beam 12— Steering Knuckle Pin Bearing 13—
Brake
Backing Plate
14—
Brake
Drum 15—
Brake
Shoe

16— Wheel Hub Bolt
17— Spindle
18—
Front
Wheel Hub
19— Spindle Nut
d. Disconnect the shock absorbers at the axle

mounting
pads.
e. Disconnect the brake hydraulic
hoses
at the
connections
between
front brake
lines
and
flexible
hoses.

f. Support the axle assembly on a jack, ready for removal. g. On
vehicles
with the springs slung over the axle,

remove
the
nuts
from the spring to axle U-bolt clips,

remove
the spring clip
plates,
and slide the axle as­

sembly
from underneath the vehicle.

On
vehicles
with the springs slung under the axle,
remove
the
nuts
from the spring clips and
remove

the spring clip
plates.
Then
disconnect
the spring

FIG.
M-13—FRONT
AXLE, LATE
MODEL
DJ-5, DJ-6
1— Steering Knuckle
2— Steering Knuckle Bushing
3—
Key

4— Steering Arm
5—
Lock
Spring
6—
Oil
Seal Retainer 7—
Oil
Seal
8—
Tapered
Pin
9— Dust Cover
10— Nut
11— Cotter Pin
12— Tie
Rod
13— Axle Tube 14— Plug
15— Steering Knuckle Pin
16—
Shim

17—
Thrust
Bearing
18— Bolt
19— Nut 20— Nut
21— Cotter Pin 11660
283

M

FRONT
AXLE
from
the spring shackles by removing the lower

spring
shackle bolts.
Lower
the front springs to the floor and slide the axle assembly from underneath the vehicle.

M-17. STEERING KNUCKLE SERVICE
The
following procedures are given for steering

knuckle
service when the axle is installed on the vehicle.
With
the axle removed, eliminate the ap­

propriate
steps.

M-18.
Steering
Knuckle
Pin Replacement

Refer
to
Figs.
M-12, M-13.

The
only parts of the front axle, subjected to weir

which
may require replacement are the steering

knuckle
pins and bushings. To accomplish this re­ placement follow the procedure outlined below.

a.
Jack
up the front of the vehicle to free the
wheels.
Install
axle stands under the front axle for safety.

b.
Remove the hub cap and dust cap.

c.
Remove the wheel retaining cotter pin, nut,
and
washer.

d.
Remove the wheel with hub, bearings, and oil

retainer.

e. Disconnect the hydraulic brake tube.
f. Remove the brake backing plate. g. Remove the tapered steering knuckle pin lock.

h.
Remove the upper steering knuckle expansion
plug on early models, or the lock spring on late models.

i.
Drive the Steering
Kunckle
Pin and lower ex­
pansion plug out through the bottom. When the
spindle is disassembled, do not
lose
the spacing

shim
between
the upper face of the axle and the spindle.

j.
Remove the thrust bearing and bushings,
k.
Assemble in reverse order. Be sure the oil
holes

in
the bushings are aligned with the lubrication fittings.
Ream
the bushings for running clearance

with
the steering knuckle pin.
Check
the thrust
bearing
to be sure it is not worn or damaged. When
installing
the steering knuckle pin, align the notch
for the tapered retaining pin with the pin hole.

When
assembling the knuckle, guard against lost motion
between
the axle and inner face of the

knuckle.
Adjustment is made by selective fitting
of the spacing shim
between
the upper face of the
axle and the inner face of the knuckle. Shims are

available
in the following thicknesses:
.011" [0,279 mm.] .035* [0,889 mm.] .033* [0,838 mm.]
Do not overlook bleeding the brakes after the axle
end has been reassembled. 284